{"id":7551,"date":"2024-09-01T22:19:46","date_gmt":"2024-09-01T13:19:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/?p=7551"},"modified":"2026-10-04T10:39:11","modified_gmt":"2026-10-04T01:39:11","slug":"common-valve-problems","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/common-valve-problems\/","title":{"rendered":"common valve problems"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/NeoStudio_20240901_221716.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px\" aria-label=\"NeoStudio_20240901_221716\uc758 \uc0bd\uc785.\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-fb45b215-bdb7-49f3-b77a-005cc267f4c7\" href=\"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/NeoStudio_20240901_221716.pdf\">NeoStudio_20240901_221716<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/NeoStudio_20240901_221716.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-fb45b215-bdb7-49f3-b77a-005cc267f4c7\">\ub2e4\uc6b4\ub85c\ub4dc<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/NeoStudio_20240901_221749.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px\" aria-label=\"NeoStudio_20240901_221749\uc758 \uc0bd\uc785.\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-d7de6467-49fc-4ca1-a8c9-571037c3408b\" href=\"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/NeoStudio_20240901_221749.pdf\">NeoStudio_20240901_221749<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/NeoStudio_20240901_221749.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-d7de6467-49fc-4ca1-a8c9-571037c3408b\">\ub2e4\uc6b4\ub85c\ub4dc<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"661\" height=\"1248\" src=\"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7552\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"746\" height=\"546\" src=\"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7553\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n&#8220;`html\n<div class=\"chapter19-wide\">\n\n  <h1>Common Valve Problems<\/h1>\n\n  <div class=\"subtitle\">\n    High Pressure Drop \u00b7 Vena Contracta \u00b7 Pressure Recovery \u00b7 Cavitation \u00b7 Flashing \u00b7 Choked Flow \u00b7 Water Hammer\n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <!-- ================================================= -->\n  <h2>1. High Pressure Drop<\/h2>\n\n  <div class=\"card\">\n\n    <p>\n      NeoStudio\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ubc38\ube0c\uc758 \ub300\ud45c\uc801\uc778 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c\n      High Pressure Drop\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2dc\uc791\ud55c\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n\n    <div class=\"formula\">\n      \u0394P = P1 &#8211; P2\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"formula\">\n      P1 = Upstream Pressure\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"formula\">\n      P2 = Downstream Pressure\n    <\/div>\n\n    <p>\n      \ubc38\ube0c\ub97c \ud1b5\uacfc\ud558\uba74\uc11c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\ub294\n      \uc785\uad6c\uc640 \ucd9c\uad6c \uc555\ub825\uc758 \ucc28\uc774\ub97c\n      Pressure Drop\uc73c\ub85c \uae30\ub85d\ud55c\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <!-- ================================================= -->\n  <h2>2. Vena Contracta<\/h2>\n\n  <div class=\"card\">\n\n    <p>\n      \ubc38\ube0c\uc758 \uc720\ub85c\uac00 \uc881\uc544\uc9c0\ub294 \ubd80\ubd84\uc744 \uc9c0\ub09c \ud6c4\n      Flow Stream\uc774 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc881\uc544\uc9c0\ub294 \uc9c0\uc810\uc744\n      Vena Contracta\ub85c \uae30\ub85d\ud55c\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n\n    <pre>\n      Upstream                         Downstream\n\n        P1\n        \u2502\n        \u2502        Valve\n        \u2502         \u2502\n        \u25bc         \u25bc\n      \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\\   \/\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\n                 \\ \/\n                  X   \u2190 Vena Contracta\n                 \/ \\\n      \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\/   \\\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\n                              \u2502\n                              \u25bc\n                              P2\n    <\/pre>\n\n    <div class=\"memory\">\n      <strong>\n        Vena Contracta\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc720\ub85c\uac00 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc881\uace0\n        \uc720\uc18d\uc774 \uac00\uc7a5 \ube60\ub974\ub2e4.\n      <\/strong>\n    <\/div>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <!-- ================================================= -->\n  <h2>3. Pressure\uc640 Velocity \ubcc0\ud654<\/h2>\n\n  <div class=\"card\">\n\n    <p>\n      \uc77c\ubc18 \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ubc38\ube0c\ub97c \uc9c0\ub098\uba74\uc11c\n      Pressure\uc640 Velocity\uac00 \ubc18\ub300\ub85c \ubcc0\ud558\ub294 \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc900\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n\n    <pre>\n      \ubc38\ube0c \uc785\uad6c\n         \u2502\n         \u25bc\n      \uc720\ub85c \ucd95\uc18c\n         \u2502\n         \u25bc\n      Velocity \u2191\n         \u2502\n         \u25bc\n      Pressure \u2193\n         \u2502\n         \u25bc\n      Vena Contracta\n         \u2502\n         \u25bc\n      \uc774\ud6c4 Pressure Recovery\n    <\/pre>\n\n    <div class=\"memory\">\n      <strong>\n        Vena Contracta \ubd80\uadfc\uc5d0\uc11c\n        Pressure\ub294 \ucd5c\uc18c,\n        Velocity\ub294 \ucd5c\ub300\uac00 \ub41c\ub2e4.\n      <\/strong>\n    <\/div>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <!-- ================================================= -->\n  <h2>4. Permanent Pressure Drop<\/h2>\n\n  <div class=\"card\">\n\n    <p>\n      NeoStudio\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294\n      \ubc38\ube0c \uc804\ud6c4\uc758 \ucd5c\uc885 \uc555\ub825\ucc28\ub97c\n      Permanent Pressure Drop\uc73c\ub85c \uae30\ub85d\ud55c\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n\n    <div class=\"formula\">\n      Permanent Pressure Drop\n      =\n      P1 &#8211; P2\n    <\/div>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <!-- ================================================= -->\n  <h2>5. Pressure Recovery<\/h2>\n\n  <div class=\"card\">\n\n    <p>\n      Vena Contracta\uc5d0\uc11c \ucd5c\uc800 \uc555\ub825\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub5a8\uc5b4\uc9c4 \ud6c4\n      Downstream\uc5d0\uc11c \uc555\ub825\uc774 \ub2e4\uc2dc \ud68c\ubcf5\ub41c\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n\n    <div class=\"formula\">\n      Pressure Recovery\n      =\n      P2 &#8211; PVC\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"formula\">\n      PVC\n      =\n      Pressure at Vena Contracta\n    <\/div>\n\n    <pre>\n      Pressure\n         \u2191\n      P1 \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\n         \\\n          \\\n           \\__\n              \\___\n                  \\__      \u2190 P2\n                     \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\n              \u2191\n              PVC\n          Vena Contracta\n    <\/pre>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <!-- ================================================= -->\n  <h2>6. High Recovery \u00b7 Low Recovery<\/h2>\n\n  <div class=\"card\">\n\n    <p>\n      \uc77c\ubc18 \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0\uc5d0\ub294\n      Vena Contracta \uc774\ud6c4 \uc555\ub825 \ud68c\ubcf5 \uc815\ub3c4\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c\n      High Recovery\uc640 Low Recovery\uac00 \uad6c\ubd84\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n\n    <div class=\"formula\">\n      High Recovery\n      \u2192\n      P2\uac00 \ub354 \ud06c\uac8c \ud68c\ubcf5\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"formula\">\n      Low Recovery\n      \u2192\n      P2 \ud68c\ubcf5\uc774 \uc791\uc74c\n    <\/div>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <!-- ================================================= -->\n  <h2>7. Pressure Drop\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \ubb38\uc81c<\/h2>\n\n  <div class=\"card\">\n\n    <p>\n      NeoStudio\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 High Pressure Drop\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574\n      \ub2e4\uc74c \ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \uae30\ub85d\ud55c\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n\n    <ul>\n      <li>Cavitation<\/li>\n      <li>Flashing<\/li>\n      <li>Choked Flow<\/li>\n      <li>High Noise Level<\/li>\n      <li>Vibration<\/li>\n    <\/ul>\n\n    <p>\n      \uc774\uc5b4 \ub2e4\uc74c \uc190\uc0c1\uc744 \uae30\ub85d\ud55c\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n\n    <ul>\n      <li>Erosion<\/li>\n      <li>Cavitation Damage<\/li>\n      <li>Poor Performance of Valve<\/li>\n      <li>Piping Fatigue<\/li>\n      <li>Worker Hearing Damage<\/li>\n    <\/ul>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <!-- ================================================= -->\n  <h2>8. Choked Flow \u00b7 Critical Flow<\/h2>\n\n  <div class=\"card\">\n\n    <p>\n      NeoStudio\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 Choked Flow\ub97c\n      \uc720\ub7c9\uc774 \uc81c\ud55c\ub41c \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub85c \uae30\ub85d\ud55c\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n\n    <p>\n      Critical Flow\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294\n      Gas Bubble \ub610\ub294 Pocket\uc758 \ubc1c\uc0dd\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574\n      Downstream Pressure\ub97c \ub354 \ub0ae\ucd94\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4\n      \uc720\ub7c9\uc774 \ub354 \uc774\uc0c1 \uc99d\uac00\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4\uace0 \uc801\ub294\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n\n    <div class=\"formula\">\n      P2 \u2193\n      \u2192\n      Flow \uc99d\uac00\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"memory\">\n      <strong>\n        \uc6d0\ubcf8\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 Choked Flow\ub97c\n        Downstream Pressure\ub97c \ub0ae\ucd94\uc5b4\ub3c4\n        Flow\uac00 \uc99d\uac00\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub85c \uc815\ub9ac\ud55c\ub2e4.\n      <\/strong>\n    <\/div>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <!-- ================================================= -->\n  <h2>9. Cavitation\uc758 \uc870\uac74<\/h2>\n\n  <div class=\"card\">\n\n    <p>\n      \uc561\uccb4\uac00 Vena Contracta\ub97c \ud1b5\uacfc\ud560 \ub54c\n      \uc555\ub825\uc774 Vapor Pressure\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub0ae\uc544\uc9c0\uba74\n      \uae30\ud3ec\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uae30\ub85d\ud55c\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n\n    <div class=\"formula\">\n      PVC\n      &lt;\n      Pv\n      \u2192\n      Bubble \uc0dd\uc131\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"formula\">\n      Pv = Vapor Pressure\n    <\/div>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <!-- ================================================= -->\n  <h2>10. Cavitation \uacfc\uc815<\/h2>\n\n  <div class=\"card\">\n\n    <p>\n      NeoStudio\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 Cavitation\uc774\n      \ub2e4\uc74c \uc21c\uc11c\ub85c \uc9c4\ud589\ub41c\ub2e4\uace0 \uae30\ub85d\ud55c\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n\n    <pre>\n      Liquid Pressure \u2193\n            \u2502\n            \u25bc\n      Vapor Pressure \uc774\ud558\n            \u2502\n            \u25bc\n      Nuclei\ub97c \uc911\uc2ec\uc73c\ub85c\n      Bubble \uc0dd\uc131\n            \u2502\n            \u25bc\n      Vena Contracta\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc774\ub3d9\n            \u2502\n            \u25bc\n      Pressure Recovery\n            \u2502\n            \u25bc\n      Pressure \u2191\n            \u2502\n            \u25bc\n      Bubble Collapse\n    <\/pre>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <!-- ================================================= -->\n  <h2>11. Nuclei<\/h2>\n\n  <div class=\"card\">\n\n    <p>\n      NeoStudio\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc561\uccb4 \ub0b4\ubd80\uc5d0\n      Nuclei\uac00 \uc874\uc7ac\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uae30\ub85d\ud55c\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n\n    <p>\n      \uc774 Nuclei\ub97c \uc911\uc2ec\uc73c\ub85c\n      Bubble\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc124\uba85\ud55c\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n\n    <div class=\"formula\">\n      Nuclei\n      \u2192\n      Bubble \uc0dd\uc131 \uc2dc\uc791\uc810\n    <\/div>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <!-- ================================================= -->\n  <h2>12. Bubble Collapse\uc640 \uc190\uc0c1<\/h2>\n\n  <div class=\"card\">\n\n    <p>\n      Pressure Recovery\ub85c \uc555\ub825\uc774 \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc62c\ub77c\uac00\uba74\n      Bubble\uc774 \uc561\uccb4\ub85c \ub2e4\uc2dc \ubcc0\ud558\uba74\uc11c\n      \ubd95\uad34\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uae30\ub85d\ud55c\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n\n    <div class=\"formula\">\n      Bubble Collapse\n      \u2192\n      Cavitation Damage\n    <\/div>\n\n    <p>\n      \ud544\uae30\uc5d0\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c \uc601\ud5a5\uc774 \uc801\ud600 \uc788\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n\n    <ul>\n      <li>Valve \ub0b4\ubd80 \uc190\uc0c1<\/li>\n      <li>Seat Leakage<\/li>\n      <li>Flow Characteristic \uc65c\uace1<\/li>\n      <li>Valve \uace0\uc7a5<\/li>\n      <li>\uc18c\uc74c<\/li>\n      <li>\uc9c4\ub3d9<\/li>\n    <\/ul>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <!-- ================================================= -->\n  <h2>13. Cavitation \ubc1c\uc0dd \uc870\uac74<\/h2>\n\n  <div class=\"card\">\n\n    <p>\n      NeoStudio\ub294 Cavitation \ubc1c\uc0dd \uc870\uac74\uc744\n      \ub2e4\uc74c \ud56d\ubaa9\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\ub9ac\ud55c\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n\n    <ol>\n      <li>\uc720\uccb4\uac00 \uc561\uccb4 \uc0c1\ud0dc<\/li>\n      <li>Saturated State\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\uc5b4\uc57c \ud568<\/li>\n      <li>Vena Contracta \uc555\ub825\uc774 Vapor Pressure\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub0ae\uc74c<\/li>\n      <li>P2\uac00 Vena Contracta \uc555\ub825\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub192\uc544 Pressure Recovery\uac00 \uc874\uc7ac<\/li>\n      <li>Bubble \uc0dd\uc131\uc744 \uc704\ud55c Nuclei \uc874\uc7ac<\/li>\n    <\/ol>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <!-- ================================================= -->\n  <h2>14. Cavitation \ubc1c\uc0dd \uc2dc\uc810<\/h2>\n\n  <div class=\"card\">\n\n    <p>\n      Cavitation\uc740\n      Liquid Pressure\uac00 Vapor Pressure\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub0ae\uc544\uc9c0\ub294 \uc21c\uac04\n      Bubble\uc774 \ud615\uc131\ub418\uba74\uc11c \uc2dc\uc791\ud55c\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n\n    <div class=\"formula\">\n      P &lt; Pv\n      \u2192\n      Cavitation \uc2dc\uc791\n    <\/div>\n\n    <p>\n      \uc774\ud6c4 Pressure Recovery \uc2dc Bubble\uc774 \ubd95\uad34\ud558\uba74\uc11c\n      Valve \ub0b4\ubd80\uc5d0 \uc190\uc0c1\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <!-- ================================================= -->\n  <h2>15. Cavitation Index<\/h2>\n\n  <div class=\"card\">\n\n    <p>\n      NeoStudio\uc5d0\ub294 Cavitation Index\ub97c\n      \ub2e4\uc74c \uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uae30\ub85d\ud55c\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n\n    <div class=\"formula\">\n      \u03c3\n      =\n      (P2 &#8211; Pv) \/ (P1 &#8211; P2)\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"formula\">\n      P1 = Upstream Pressure\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"formula\">\n      P2 = Downstream Pressure\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"formula\">\n      Pv = Vapor Pressure\n    <\/div>\n\n    <p>\n      \uc6d0\ubcf8\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \u03c3\uac00 \ud074\uc218\ub85d\n      Cavitation\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \ubc29\ud5a5,\n      \u03c3\uac00 \uc791\uc73c\uba74 Flashing\uacfc \uc5f0\uacb0\ub418\ub294 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c \uae30\ub85d\ud55c\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n\n    <div class=\"warning\">\n      <strong>\n        \u03c3\uc640 Cavitation\u00b7Flashing\uc758 \uc138\ubd80 \ud310\uc815 \uacbd\uacc4\uac12\uc740\n        NeoStudio\uc5d0 \uc218\uce58\ub85c \uc81c\uc2dc\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c\n        \uc678\ubd80 \uae30\uc900\uc744 \ucd94\uac00\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4.\n      <\/strong>\n    <\/div>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <!-- ================================================= -->\n  <h2>16. Incipient \u00b7 Choked \uc870\uac74<\/h2>\n\n  <div class=\"card\">\n\n    <p>\n      Cavitation\uacfc \uad00\ub828\ud558\uc5ec\n      \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0 \u03c3\uac00 \uae30\ub85d\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n\n    <div class=\"formula\">\n      Incipient \u03c3\n      \u2192\n      \ucd08\uae30 Cavitation\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"formula\">\n      Choked \u03c3\n      \u2192\n      Choked Flow \/ Full Cavitation\n    <\/div>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <!-- ================================================= -->\n  <h2>17. Cavitation \uc800\uac10 \ubc29\ubc95<\/h2>\n\n  <div class=\"card\">\n\n    <p>\n      NeoStudio\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 Cavitation \uc81c\uac70\u00b7\uc800\uac10\uc744 \uc704\ud574\n      \ub2e4\uc74c \ubc29\ubc95\ub4e4\uc744 \uae30\ub85d\ud55c\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n\n    <ol>\n      <li>System Modification<\/li>\n      <li>\uc7ac\uc9c8 \ubcc0\uacbd<\/li>\n      <li>Cavitation Control Device<\/li>\n      <li>Cavitation Elimination Device<\/li>\n      <li>\uadf8 \uc678 Valve\/Trim \uc124\uacc4 \ubcc0\uacbd<\/li>\n    <\/ol>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <!-- ================================================= -->\n  <h2>18. System Modification<\/h2>\n\n  <div class=\"card\">\n\n    <p>\n      \uccab \ubc88\uc9f8 \ubc29\ubc95\uc740 Process System \uc790\uccb4\uc758\n      \uc555\ub825\uc870\uac74\uc744 \ubcc0\uacbd\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n\n    <p>\n      NeoStudio\uc5d0\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c \ubc29\ubc95\uc774 \uc801\ud600 \uc788\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n\n    <ul>\n      <li>\uc720\uccb4\uc555\ub825\uc774 Vapor Pressure\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub0ae\uc544\uc9c0\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub3c4\ub85d \uc870\uc815<\/li>\n      <li>\uc791\uc740 \ubc38\ube0c\ub97c \uc5f0\uc18d\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec Pressure Attenuation<\/li>\n      <li>\uc720\uccb4\uc5d0 \uacf5\uae30\ub97c \uc8fc\uc785\ud558\uc5ec Bubble Collapse \uc601\ud5a5 \uc644\ud654<\/li>\n      <li>Cavitation Intensity \uc644\ud654<\/li>\n    <\/ul>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <!-- ================================================= -->\n  <h2>19. Downstream Back Pressure \uc99d\uac00<\/h2>\n\n  <div class=\"card\">\n\n    <p>\n      Downstream\uc5d0 Back-Pressure Valve \ub610\ub294\n      Back-Pressure Device\ub97c \uc124\uce58\ud558\uc5ec\n      P2\ub97c \ub192\uc774\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc774 \uae30\ub85d\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n\n    <div class=\"formula\">\n      P2 \u2191\n      \u2192\n      Pressure Drop \uc644\ud654\n      \u2192\n      Cavitation \uac10\uc18c\n    <\/div>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <!-- ================================================= -->\n  <h2>20. Angle Valve \uc801\uc6a9<\/h2>\n\n  <div class=\"card\">\n\n    <p>\n      NeoStudio\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 Angle Valve\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec\n      Bubble\uc774 Wall\uc5d0 \uc9c1\uc811 \ubd80\ub52a\ud788\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\uace0,\n      \uc911\uac04 \uc601\uc5ed\uc5d0 \ucda9\ub3cc\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\uc5ec\n      \uc190\uc0c1\uc744 \uc904\uc774\ub294 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c \uae30\ub85d\ud55c\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <!-- ================================================= -->\n  <h2>21. Valve Type \uc120\ud0dd<\/h2>\n\n  <div class=\"card\">\n\n    <p>\n      Cavitation \ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \uc788\uc744 \ub54c\n      \ub2e4\uc74c Valve Type\uc774 Globe Valve\ubcf4\ub2e4\n      Pressure Recovery \uce21\uba74\uc5d0\uc11c \uc720\ub9ac\ud558\ub2e4\ub294 \ucde8\uc9c0\ub85c \uae30\ub85d\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n\n    <ul>\n      <li>Butterfly Valve<\/li>\n      <li>Eccentric Plug Valve<\/li>\n      <li>Ball Valve<\/li>\n    <\/ul>\n\n    <p>\n      \uc6d0\ubcf8\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294\n      Vena Contracta \ubd80\uadfc\uc758 Pressure Recovery \ud2b9\uc131\uc744\n      \uace0\ub824\ud574 Valve Type\uc744 \uc120\uc815\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uc801\ub294\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <!-- ================================================= -->\n  <h2>22. \uc9c1\uc811 \uad50\uccb4\uc640 \uc720\uc9c0\uad00\ub9ac<\/h2>\n\n  <div class=\"card\">\n\n    <p>\n      NeoStudio\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294\n      Valve\ub97c \uc9c1\uc811 \uad50\uccb4\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\ub3c4 \uc801\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n\n    <p>\n      \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 Cavitation \uc870\uac74\uc774 \uadf8\ub300\ub85c\ub77c\uba74\n      \uc0c8 Valve \uc5ed\uc2dc \uc9e7\uc740 \uae30\uac04 \ub0b4 \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc190\uc0c1\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c\n      \uc720\uc9c0\uad00\ub9ac \uad00\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \uc88b\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \ubc29\ubc95\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uae30\ub85d\ud55c\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <!-- ================================================= -->\n  <h2>23. \uc7ac\uc9c8 \ubcc0\uacbd<\/h2>\n\n  <div class=\"card\">\n\n    <p>\n      Cavitation Damage\uc5d0 \ub300\uc751\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574\n      \uac15\ud55c \uc7ac\uc9c8\ub85c Valve \ubd80\ud488\uc744 \ubcc0\uacbd\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc774 \uae30\ub85d\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n\n    <div class=\"formula\">\n      Material Hardness \u2191\n      \u2192\n      Cavitation Damage \uc800\ud56d \u2191\n    <\/div>\n\n    <p>\n      Angle Style Valve\uc5d0\ub294\n      Seat Ring, Venturi Seat Ring \ub4f1\n      Hardened \ubd80\ud488\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \uc801\ub294\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n\n    <p>\n      Downstream Body\uc5d0\n      Body Liner\ub97c \uc124\uce58\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\ub3c4 \uae30\ub85d\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <!-- ================================================= -->\n  <h2>24. Cavitation Control Device<\/h2>\n\n  <div class=\"card\">\n\n    <p>\n      Trim\uc744 \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud558\uac8c \uc124\uacc4\ud558\uc5ec\n      Metal Surface\uc5d0 Bubble\uc774 \ubd80\ub52a\ud788\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub3c4\ub85d\n      \uc81c\uc5b4\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc774\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n\n    <div class=\"formula\">\n      Special Trim\n      \u2192\n      Bubble Impact \uc704\uce58 \uc81c\uc5b4\n      \u2192\n      Metal Surface Damage \uac10\uc18c\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"memory\">\n      <strong>\n        \uc6d0\ubcf8\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc774 \ubc29\ubc95\uc744\n        Cavitation\uc744 \uc5c6\uc560\ub294 \uac83\ubcf4\ub2e4\n        Cavitation Damage\ub97c \uc904\uc774\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \uae30\ub85d\ud55c\ub2e4.\n      <\/strong>\n    <\/div>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <!-- ================================================= -->\n  <h2>25. Cavitation Elimination Device<\/h2>\n\n  <div class=\"card\">\n\n    <p>\n      Cavitation Prevention \ud615\uc0c1\uc758 Trim\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud574\n      Anti-Cavitation \uc601\uc5ed\uc5d0 \uc801\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc774\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n\n    <p>\n      \uc6d0\ubcf8\uc5d0\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c \ub450 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc774 \uc801\ud600 \uc788\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n\n    <ul>\n      <li>Fluid Speed\ub97c \uc904\uc5ec Pressure Recovery\ub97c \uc904\uc784<\/li>\n      <li>\uc555\ub825\uc800\ud558\uac00 \ub2e8\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc77c\uc5b4\ub098\ub3c4\ub85d \uad6c\uc131<\/li>\n    <\/ul>\n\n    <div class=\"formula\">\n      Staged Pressure Reduction\n      \u2192\n      Cavitation \uc5b5\uc81c\n    <\/div>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <!-- ================================================= -->\n  <h2>26. Cage \u00b7 Trim \uc124\uacc4<\/h2>\n\n  <div class=\"card\">\n\n    <p>\n      \uae30\ud0c0 \ubc29\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c\n      Cage\uc640 Trim \uc790\uccb4\uc758 \ud2b9\uc131\uc744\n      Cavitation \ub300\uc751\ud615\uc73c\ub85c \uc124\uacc4\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc774 \uae30\ub85d\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n\n    <ul>\n      <li>Cage\ub97c \ud2b9\uc218 \uc124\uacc4<\/li>\n      <li>Trim\uc744 \ud2b9\uc218 \uc124\uacc4<\/li>\n    <\/ul>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <!-- ================================================= -->\n  <h2>27. Flashing<\/h2>\n\n  <div class=\"card\">\n\n    <p>\n      Flashing\uc740\n      Downstream Pressure P2\uac00\n      Vapor Pressure Pv\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub0ae\uac70\ub098 \uac19\uc740 \uacbd\uc6b0\ub85c \uae30\ub85d\ud55c\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n\n    <div class=\"formula\">\n      P2 \u2264 Pv\n      \u2192\n      Flashing\n    <\/div>\n\n    <p>\n      \uc774 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc555\ub825\uc774 \ud68c\ubcf5\ub418\uc5b4\ub3c4\n      Vapor\uac00 \ub2e4\uc2dc Liquid\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\uc624\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0\n      Valve Downstream\uc5d0 \uacc4\uc18d \uc874\uc7ac\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uc801\ub294\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <!-- ================================================= -->\n  <h2>28. Cavitation\uacfc Flashing \ube44\uad50<\/h2>\n\n  <div class=\"table-wrap\">\n\n    <table>\n\n      <thead>\n        <tr>\n          <th>\ud56d\ubaa9<\/th>\n          <th>Cavitation<\/th>\n          <th>Flashing<\/th>\n        <\/tr>\n      <\/thead>\n\n      <tbody>\n\n        <tr>\n          <td><strong>Bubble \uc0dd\uc131<\/strong><\/td>\n          <td>Vena Contracta\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0dd\uc131<\/td>\n          <td>Vena Contracta\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0dd\uc131<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n          <td><strong>Downstream P2<\/strong><\/td>\n          <td>Pressure Recovery \uc874\uc7ac<\/td>\n          <td>P2 \u2264 Pv<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n          <td><strong>Bubble \uc774\ud6c4<\/strong><\/td>\n          <td>Pressure Recovery \ud6c4 Collapse<\/td>\n          <td>Vapor \uc0c1\ud0dc \uc720\uc9c0<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n          <td><strong>\uc8fc\uc694 \ubb38\uc81c<\/strong><\/td>\n          <td>Bubble Collapse\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c Damage<\/td>\n          <td>Vapor\uac00 Downstream\uc5d0 \uc9c0\uc18d \uc874\uc7ac<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n      <\/tbody>\n\n    <\/table>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <!-- ================================================= -->\n  <h2>29. Flashing \ub300\uc751<\/h2>\n\n  <div class=\"card\">\n\n    <p>\n      NeoStudio\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 Flashing\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 Valve\ub294\n      \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \ub192\uc740 \ud488\uc9c8\uacfc\n      \uac15\ud55c \uc7ac\uc9c8\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c \uae30\ub85d\ud55c\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n\n    <div class=\"formula\">\n      Flashing\n      \u2192\n      \uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc778 Vapor Flow\n      \u2192\n      Strong Material\n    <\/div>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <!-- ================================================= -->\n  <h2>30. Choked Flow<\/h2>\n\n  <div class=\"card\">\n\n    <p>\n      NeoStudio\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc720\uccb4\uac00 \uadf9\uc131\uc77c \ub54c\n      \uae30\uc0c1\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\uba70\n      Valve \ub610\ub294 Downstream\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uae30\ub85d\ud55c\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n\n    <p>\n      \ucd08\uae30\uc5d0 \uc720\uccb4\uac00 \uc815\uc0c1\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ub3d9\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc\n      \ud2b9\uc815 \uc0c1\ud0dc \uc774\ud6c4\uc5d0\ub294\n      P2\ub97c \uc904\uc5ec\ub3c4 Flow Rate\uac00 \uc99d\uac00\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n\n    <div class=\"formula\">\n      P1 = Constant\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"formula\">\n      P2 \u2193\n      \u2192\n      Flow Rate \uc99d\uac00\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c\n    <\/div>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <!-- ================================================= -->\n  <h2>31. Water Hammering Effect<\/h2>\n\n  <div class=\"card\">\n\n    <p>\n      NeoStudio\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294\n      Flow\uac00 \uae09\uaca9\ud558\uac8c \ubcc0\ud558\uba74\n      Upstream \ub610\ub294 Downstream\uc5d0\uc11c\n      \uc21c\uac04\uc801\uc778 \uc555\ub825\ubcc0\ud654\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uae30\ub85d\ud55c\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n\n    <div class=\"formula\">\n      Flow \uae09\ubcc0\n      \u2192\n      Pressure \uae09\ubcc0\n      \u2192\n      Water Hammering Effect\n    <\/div>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <!-- ================================================= -->\n  <h2>32. Water Hammer \ubc1c\uc0dd \uc608<\/h2>\n\n  <div class=\"card\">\n\n    <p>\n      \uc6d0\ubcf8\uc5d0\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ubc1c\uc0dd \uc608\uac00 \uc801\ud600 \uc788\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n\n    <ul>\n      <li>Pump Shutoff<\/li>\n      <li>Valve\uc758 Closure Element\uac00 Seat\uc5d0 \ube60\ub974\uac8c \ub2eb\ud798<\/li>\n      <li>Quick-Open Flow Characteristic\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4 Valve\uc758 \uae09\ub3d9\uc791<\/li>\n    <\/ul>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <!-- ================================================= -->\n  <h2>33. Butterfly Stopper Effect<\/h2>\n\n  <div class=\"card\">\n\n    <p>\n      Butterfly Valve\uc758 Closure Element\uac00\n      Seat\uc5d0 \ube60\ub974\uac8c \uc811\ucd09\ud560 \ub54c\n      Stopper Effect\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uae30\ub85d\ud55c\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n\n    <p>\n      Stiffness\uac00 \uc5c6\uc73c\uba74\n      \ucda9\uaca9\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc6d0\ub798 \uc704\uce58\ub85c \ub418\ub3cc\uc544\uac00\ub824\ub294 \ud798\uc774\n      \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uba54\ubaa8\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <!-- ================================================= -->\n  <h2>34. Water Hammer \uc800\uac10<\/h2>\n\n  <div class=\"card\">\n\n    <p>\n      \uae09\uaca9\ud55c Pressure Change\ub97c \uc81c\uac70\ud558\uba74\n      Water Hammering Effect\ub97c \uc904\uc77c \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \uae30\ub85d\ud55c\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n\n    <div class=\"formula\">\n      Pressure Change \uc644\ud654\n      \u2192\n      Water Hammer \u2193\n    <\/div>\n\n    <p>\n      \uc6d0\ubcf8\uc5d0\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c \ub300\ucc45\uc774 \uc801\ud600 \uc788\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n\n    <ul>\n      <li>Stiffness \uc99d\uac00<\/li>\n      <li>Uniform Rate of Change<\/li>\n      <li>Pressure Relief Valve \uc801\uc6a9 \uac00\ub2a5<\/li>\n    <\/ul>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <!-- ================================================= -->\n  <h2>35. \uc804\uccb4 \uad00\uacc4<\/h2>\n\n  <div class=\"card\">\n\n    <pre>\n                    Valve Restriction\n                           \u2502\n                           \u25bc\n                    Flow Area \uac10\uc18c\n                           \u2502\n                           \u25bc\n                      Velocity \u2191\n                           \u2502\n                           \u25bc\n                      Pressure \u2193\n                           \u2502\n                           \u25bc\n                  Vena Contracta\n                           \u2502\n             \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u253c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510\n             \u2502             \u2502             \u2502\n             \u25bc             \u25bc             \u25bc\n         Cavitation     Flashing      Choked Flow\n             \u2502             \u2502             \u2502\n             \u25bc             \u25bc             \u25bc\n       Bubble Collapse   Vapor \uc720\uc9c0   Flow \uc81c\ud55c\n             \u2502\n             \u25bc\n      Noise \u00b7 Vibration\n      Erosion \u00b7 Damage\n             \u2502\n             \u25bc\n      System \/ Material \/\n      Trim Design \uac1c\uc120\n\n\n      Flow \uae09\uaca9\ud55c \ubcc0\ud654\n             \u2502\n             \u25bc\n      Pressure \uae09\uaca9\ud55c \ubcc0\ud654\n             \u2502\n             \u25bc\n       Water Hammering\n    <\/pre>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <!-- ================================================= -->\n  <h2>36. \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0 \u00b7 NeoStudio \ud575\uc2ec \uc815\ub9ac<\/h2>\n\n  <div class=\"table-wrap\">\n\n    <table>\n\n      <thead>\n        <tr>\n          <th>\ud56d\ubaa9<\/th>\n          <th>\uc6d0\ubcf8 \ub0b4\uc6a9<\/th>\n        <\/tr>\n      <\/thead>\n\n      <tbody>\n\n        <tr>\n          <td><strong>Pressure Drop<\/strong><\/td>\n          <td>\u0394P = P1 &#8211; P2<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n          <td><strong>Vena Contracta<\/strong><\/td>\n          <td>Flow Stream\uc774 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc881\uace0 Velocity \ucd5c\ub300, Pressure \ucd5c\uc18c<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n          <td><strong>Pressure Recovery<\/strong><\/td>\n          <td>P2 &#8211; PVC<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n          <td><strong>Cavitation<\/strong><\/td>\n          <td>PVC\uac00 Vapor Pressure \uc544\ub798\ub85c \ub0b4\ub824\uac00 Bubble \uc0dd\uc131 \ud6c4 Collapse<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n          <td><strong>Flashing<\/strong><\/td>\n          <td>P2 \u2264 Pv, Vapor\uac00 Downstream\uc5d0 \uacc4\uc18d \uc874\uc7ac<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n          <td><strong>Choked Flow<\/strong><\/td>\n          <td>P2\ub97c \ub354 \ub0ae\ucdb0\ub3c4 Flow \uc99d\uac00 \uc5c6\uc74c<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n          <td><strong>Cavitation Index<\/strong><\/td>\n          <td>\u03c3 = (P2-Pv)\/(P1-P2)<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n          <td><strong>Cavitation Damage<\/strong><\/td>\n          <td>Erosion, Seat Leakage, Noise, Vibration, Piping Fatigue<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n          <td><strong>\uc800\uac10<\/strong><\/td>\n          <td>System Modification, Material, Special Trim, Staged Pressure Reduction<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n          <td><strong>Water Hammer<\/strong><\/td>\n          <td>Flow \uae09\ubcc0\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uc21c\uac04\uc801 Pressure Change<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n      <\/tbody>\n\n    <\/table>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <!-- ================================================= -->\n  <div class=\"warning\">\n    <strong>\n      \uc774 HTML\uc740 \ud398\uc774\uc9c0 \ubcf8\ubb38 \uc124\uba85\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0,\n      \uc77c\ubc18 \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0 2\uc7a5\uacfc\n      NeoStudio PDF 2\uac1c(\ucd1d 10\ud398\uc774\uc9c0)\ub9cc\n      OCR\/\uc2dc\uac01 \ud310\ub3c5\ud558\uc5ec \uc791\uc131\ud588\ub2e4.\n\n      \uccab \ubc88\uc9f8 NeoStudio PDF \uccab \ud398\uc774\uc9c0 \uc0c1\ub2e8\uc5d0\ub294\n      \uc774\uc804 Valve Seal \uc8fc\uc81c\uc758 \uc794\uc5ec \uba54\ubaa8\uac00 \uc77c\ubd80 \ud3ec\ud568\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c,\n      &#8216;Chapter 9. Common Valve Problems&#8217; \uc774\ud6c4 \ub0b4\uc6a9\ub9cc \ubc18\uc601\ud588\ub2e4.\n\n      \ub450 \uc77c\ubc18 \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0\ub294\n      Vena Contracta\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 Pressure \/ Velocity \ubcc0\ud654\uc640\n      Pressure Recovery \/ Permanent Pressure Drop\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc900\ub2e4.\n\n      Cavitation Index, Incipient \u03c3, Choked \u03c3,\n      Valve Type\ubcc4 Pressure Recovery \ud2b9\uc131,\n      Water Hammer \ub300\ucc45 \ub4f1\uc740\n      NeoStudio\uc5d0 \uc801\ud78c \ud45c\ud604 \ubc94\uc704\ub9cc \ubc18\uc601\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.\n\n      \uc190\uae00\uc528\uc5d0\uc11c \ubd88\uba85\ud655\ud55c \uc138\ubd80 \uc218\uce58\ub098\n      \uc81c\uc870\uc0ac\ubcc4 Valve \uacc4\uc218,\n      IEC\/ISA\/API \ub4f1\uc758 \uc678\ubd80 \uae30\uc900\uc740 \ucd94\uac00\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4.\n    <\/strong>\n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <!-- ================================================= -->\n  <div class=\"keywords\">\n    Common Valve Problems,\n    Pressure Drop,\n    Vena Contracta,\n    Pressure Recovery,\n    Cavitation,\n    Flashing,\n    Choked Flow,\n    Critical Flow,\n    Cavitation Index,\n    Vapor Pressure,\n    Bubble Collapse,\n    Erosion,\n    Noise,\n    Vibration,\n    Water Hammer,\n    Staged Pressure Reduction,\n    Anti-Cavitation Trim\n  <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n&#8220;`\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;`html Common Valve Problems High Pressure Drop \u00b7 Vena Contracta \u00b7 Pressure Recovery \u00b7 Cavitation \u00b7 Flashing \u00b7 Choked Flow \u00b7 Water Hammer 1. High Pressure Drop NeoStudio\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ubc38\ube0c\uc758 \ub300\ud45c\uc801\uc778 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c High Pressure Drop\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2dc\uc791\ud55c\ub2e4. \u0394P = P1 &#8211; P2 P1 = Upstream Pressure P2 = Downstream Pressure \ubc38\ube0c\ub97c \ud1b5\uacfc\ud558\uba74\uc11c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\ub294 \uc785\uad6c\uc640 \ucd9c\uad6c \uc555\ub825\uc758 \ucc28\uc774\ub97c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1185],"tags":[1353,1614,1612,1613],"class_list":["post-7551","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-1185","tag-cavitation","tag-flashing","tag-valve-problems","tag-water-hammering-effect"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7551","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7551"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7551\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9645,"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7551\/revisions\/9645"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7551"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7551"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7551"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}