{"id":8767,"date":"2026-03-30T22:52:03","date_gmt":"2026-03-30T13:52:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/?p=8767"},"modified":"2026-03-30T22:52:08","modified_gmt":"2026-03-30T13:52:08","slug":"industrial-communications-systems-18%ec%9e%a5-22%ec%9e%a5-%ec%9a%94%ec%95%bd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/industrial-communications-systems-18%ec%9e%a5-22%ec%9e%a5-%ec%9a%94%ec%95%bd\/","title":{"rendered":"Industrial Communications Systems 18\uc7a5 ~ 22\uc7a5 \uc694\uc57d"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\uc81c18\uc7a5 \uc2dc\uac01 \ub3d9\uae30\ud654 \ud575\uc2ec \ud0a4\uc6cc\ub4dc TOP 5<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. PTP (Precision Time Protocol, IEEE 1588)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc0b0\uc5c5 \uc790\ub3d9\ud654\uc758 \ud45c\uc900\uc774 \ub41c \ucd08\uc815\ubc00 \uc2dc\uac01 \ub3d9\uae30\ud654 \ud504\ub85c\ud1a0\ucf5c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc124\uba85:<\/strong> \uc774\ub354\ub137\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ud328\ud0b7 \uad50\ud658 \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9c8\uc774\ud06c\ub85c\ucd08(\u03bcs) \uc774\ud558\uc758 \uc624\ucc28\ub85c \uc7a5\uce58 \uac04 \uc2dc\uac04\uc744 \ub9de\ucd94\ub294 \uae30\uc220\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ud575\uc2ec:<\/strong> \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \uc18c\ud504\ud2b8\uc6e8\uc5b4 \ubc29\uc2dd\uacfc \ub2ec\ub9ac \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c \uce69(NIC) \uc218\uc900\uc5d0\uc11c <strong>\ud558\ub4dc\uc6e8\uc5b4 \ud0c0\uc784\uc2a4\ud0ec\ud551<\/strong>\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud558\uc5ec \uc6b4\uc601\uccb4\uc81c\uc758 \uc9c0\ud130(Jitter)\ub97c \ubb34\ub825\ud654\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub2d8\uc774 \ub2e4\ub8e8\uc2dc\ub294 \uc2a4\ub9c8\ud2b8 \ud329\ud1a0\ub9ac \ub0b4 \ub85c\ubd07\ub4e4 \uac04\uc758 \ud611\uc5c5 \uc81c\uc5b4\ub97c \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\uac8c \ud558\ub294 \uacb0\uc815\uc801\uc778 \uae30\uc220\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. \ub9c8\uc2a4\ud130-\uc2ac\ub808\uc774\ube0c \uad6c\uc870 (Master-Slave Hierarchy)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud6a8\uc728\uc801\uc778 \uc2dc\uac01 \ubc30\ud3ec\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \ub17c\ub9ac\uc801 \uacc4\uce35 \uad6c\uc870\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc124\uba85:<\/strong> \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c \ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \uc815\ud655\ud55c \uc2dc\uacc4(\uadf8\ub79c\ub4dc\ub9c8\uc2a4\ud130)\ub97c \uc815\uc810\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\uc5ec, \ud558\uc704 \ub178\ub4dc\ub4e4\uc774 \uc0c1\uc704 \ub178\ub4dc\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04\uc5d0 \uc21c\ucc28\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub3d9\uae30\ud654\ub418\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ud575\uc2ec:<\/strong> **Best Master Clock Algorithm (BMCA)**\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c \ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc2dc\uacc4\uac00 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc6b0\uc218\ud55c\uc9c0 \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\uace0 \ub9c8\uc2a4\ud130\ub97c \uc120\ucd9c\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc7a5\uc560 \ubc1c\uc0dd \uc2dc \ub2e4\ub978 \uc6b0\uc218\ud55c \uc2dc\uacc4\uac00 \uc790\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \ub9c8\uc2a4\ud130 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \uc2b9\uacc4\ud558\uc5ec \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc758 \uac00\uc6a9\uc131\uc744 \ub192\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. \uacbd\uacc4 \uc2dc\uacc4 \ubc0f \ud22c\uba85 \uc2dc\uacc4 (Boundary &amp; Transparent Clocks)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub300\uaddc\ubaa8 \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c\uc5d0\uc11c \ub3d9\uae30\ud654 \uc815\ubc00\ub3c4\ub97c \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ud575\uc2ec \uc7a5\uce58(\uc2a4\uc704\uce58) \uae30\uc220\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc124\uba85:<\/strong> * <strong>\uacbd\uacc4 \uc2dc\uacc4 (BC):<\/strong> \uc0c1\uc704 \uacc4\uce35\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2dc\uac04\uc744 \ubc1b\uc544 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04\uc744 \ub9de\ucd98 \ub4a4, \ud558\uc704 \ud3ec\ud2b8\ub85c \ub2e4\uc2dc \ubc30\ud3ec\ud558\uc5ec \ub3d9\uae30\ud654 \ud2b8\ub798\ud53d\uc744 \ubd84\uc0b0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ud22c\uba85 \uc2dc\uacc4 (TC):<\/strong> \ud328\ud0b7\uc774 \uc2a4\uc704\uce58\ub97c \ud1b5\uacfc\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uac78\ub9ac\ub294 \uc2dc\uac04(\uccb4\ub958 \uc2dc\uac04)\uc744 \uce21\uc815\ud558\uc5ec \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ud328\ud0b7 \uc548\uc5d0 \uae30\ub85d\ud574 \uc90c\uc73c\ub85c\uc368, \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c \uc7a5\ube44\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\ub294 \uac00\ubcc0 \uc9c0\uc5f0\uc744 \ubcf4\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ud575\uc2ec:<\/strong> \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c \uaddc\ubaa8\uac00 \ucee4\uc838\ub3c4 \ud649(Hop) \uc218\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uc624\ucc28 \ub204\uc801\uc744 \ucd5c\uc18c\ud654\ud558\uc5ec \uc804 \uacf5\uc7a5\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04\uc744 \ud558\ub098\ub85c \ubb36\uc5b4\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4. NTP (Network Time Protocol)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc778\ud130\ub137\uacfc \ubc94\uc6a9 IT \ud658\uacbd\uc758 \ud45c\uc900 \uc2dc\uac01 \ub3d9\uae30\ud654 \ud504\ub85c\ud1a0\ucf5c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc124\uba85:<\/strong> \uc218 \ubc00\ub9ac\ucd08(ms) \ub2e8\uc704\uc758 \uc624\ucc28 \ud5c8\uc6a9 \ubc94\uc704 \ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc11c\ubc84\uc640 \ud074\ub77c\uc774\uc5b8\ud2b8 \uac04\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04\uc744 \ub3d9\uae30\ud654\ud558\ub294 \uac00\uc7a5 \ub110\ub9ac \uc4f0\uc774\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ud575\uc2ec:<\/strong> PTP\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc815\ubc00\ub3c4\ub294 \ub0ae\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ubcc4\ub3c4\uc758 \ud2b9\uc218 \ud558\ub4dc\uc6e8\uc5b4 \uc5c6\uc774 \uc18c\ud504\ud2b8\uc6e8\uc5b4\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\ud604\uc774 \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\uba70 <strong>Stratum(\uacc4\uce35)<\/strong> \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc804 \uc9c0\uad6c\uc801\uc778 \uc2dc\uac01 \ub3d9\uae30\ud654 \uc778\ud504\ub77c\ub97c \ud615\uc131\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc81c\uc5b4\ub2e8\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 \uc8fc\ub85c \uc0c1\uc704 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ub85c\uadf8(History) \uc11c\ubc84\uc758 \uc2dc\uac01 \uae30\ub85d\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>5. \uacb0\uc815\ub860\uc801 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc218\uc9d1 (Deterministic Data Collection)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc2dc\uac01 \ub3d9\uae30\ud654\uac00 \uc0b0\uc5c5 \ud604\uc7a5\uc5d0 \uc8fc\ub294 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \uc774\uc810\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc124\uba85:<\/strong> \ubd84\uc0b0\ub41c \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc13c\uc11c\uac00 \uce21\uc815\ud55c \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc5d0 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \uae30\uc900 \uc2dc\uac01\uc758 \ud0c0\uc784\uc2a4\ud0ec\ud504\ub97c \ucc0d\uc5b4 \ubd84\uc11d \uc11c\ubc84\ub85c \ubcf4\ub0b4\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ud575\uc2ec:<\/strong> \ub370\uc774\ud130\uac00 \uc11c\ubc84\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ucc29\ud55c \uc21c\uc11c\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, <strong>\uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c \uc21c\uc11c<\/strong>\ub300\ub85c \uc2dc\uacc4\uc5f4 \ubd84\uc11d\uc744 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 PLC \ub85c\uc9c1\uc758 \uc624\ub958 \ucd94\uc801(Troubleshooting)\uc774\ub098 \uace0\uc18d \uacf5\uc815\uc758 \uc0ac\uace0 \uc6d0\uc778 \ubd84\uc11d(Forensics) \uc2dc \uc808\ub300\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uc2e0\ub8b0\uc131\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. PTP\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec \uc6d0\ub9ac: \ud558\ub4dc\uc6e8\uc5b4 \ud0c0\uc784\uc2a4\ud0ec\ud551<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>NTP(Network Time Protocol)\uc640 PTP\uc758 \uac00\uc7a5 \ud070 \ucc28\uc774\uc810\uc740 <strong>\ud0c0\uc784\uc2a4\ud0ec\ud504\ub97c \ucc0d\ub294 \uc704\uce58<\/strong>\uc5d0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>NTP (\uc18c\ud504\ud2b8\uc6e8\uc5b4 \ubc29\uc2dd):<\/strong> \uc751\uc6a9 \uacc4\uce35(Application Layer)\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2dc\uac04\uc744 \uae30\ub85d\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b4\uc601\uccb4\uc81c(OS)\uc758 \uc2a4\ucf00\uc904\ub9c1 \uc9c0\uc5f0\uc774\ub098 \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c \uc2a4\ud0dd\uc758 \ubd80\ud558\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c &#8216;\uc9c0\ud130(Jitter)&#8217;\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\uc5ec \uc624\ucc28\uac00 \ucee4\uc9d1\ub2c8\ub2e4 (ms \ub2e8\uc704).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>PTP (\ud558\ub4dc\uc6e8\uc5b4 \ubc29\uc2dd):<\/strong> \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c \uc778\ud130\ud398\uc774\uc2a4 \uce74\ub4dc(NIC) \ud558\ub4dc\uc6e8\uc5b4 \ub0b4\ubd80\uc5d0\uc11c \ud328\ud0b7\uc774 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc624\uace0 \ub098\uac00\ub294 \uc989\uc2dc \uc2dc\uac01\uc744 \uae30\ub85d\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. OS\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubc1b\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \uadf9\ub3c4\uc758 \uc815\ubc00\ub3c4\ub97c \uc720\uc9c0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4 (ns \ub2e8\uc704).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. \ub3d9\uae30\ud654 \uba54\ucee4\ub2c8\uc998 (Synchronization Process)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>PTP\ub294 \ub9c8\uc2a4\ud130(Master)\uc640 \uc2ac\ub808\uc774\ube0c(Slave) \uac04\uc5d0 <strong>4\uac1c\uc758 \uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0<\/strong>\ub97c \uad50\ud658\ud558\uc5ec \ub450 \uc2dc\uacc4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 **\uc624\ucc28(Offset)**\uc640 **\ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c \uc9c0\uc5f0 \uc2dc\uac04(Delay)**\uc744 \uacc4\uc0b0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Sync \uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0:<\/strong> \ub9c8\uc2a4\ud130\uac00 \ud604\uc7ac \uc2dc\uac01\uc744 \ub2f4\uc544 \uc2ac\ub808\uc774\ube0c\uc5d0\uac8c \ubcf4\ub0c5\ub2c8\ub2e4 (t1\u200b).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc2ac\ub808\uc774\ube0c \uc218\uc2e0:<\/strong> \uc2ac\ub808\uc774\ube0c\uac00 \uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0\ub97c \ubc1b\uc740 \uc2dc\uac01\uc744 \uae30\ub85d\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4 (t2\u200b).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Delay_Req \uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0:<\/strong> \uc2ac\ub808\uc774\ube0c\uac00 \ub9c8\uc2a4\ud130\uc5d0\uac8c \uc9c0\uc5f0 \uce21\uc815\uc744 \uc694\uccad\ud558\uba70 \ubcf4\ub0c5\ub2c8\ub2e4 (t3\u200b).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ub9c8\uc2a4\ud130 \uc218\uc2e0:<\/strong> \ub9c8\uc2a4\ud130\uac00 \uc694\uccad\uc744 \ubc1b\uc740 \uc2dc\uac01\uc744 \uc2ac\ub808\uc774\ube0c\uc5d0\uac8c \uc54c\ub824\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4 (t4\u200b).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5bb\uc740 \ub124 \uac1c\uc758 \uc2dc\uc810(t1\u200b,t2\u200b,t3\u200b,t4\u200b)\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ub2e4\uc74c\uc744 \uacc4\uc0b0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc655\ubcf5 \uc9c0\uc5f0 \uc2dc\uac04 (Round Trip Delay):<\/strong> 2(t4\u200b\u2212t1\u200b)\u2212(t3\u200b\u2212t2\u200b)\u200b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc2dc\uac04 \uc624\ucc28 (Clock Offset):<\/strong> t2\u200b\u2212t1\u200b\u2212Delay<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. PTP \uc7a5\uce58\uc758 \uc720\ud615 (Clock Types)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c \uaddc\ubaa8\uac00 \ucee4\uc9c8\uc218\ub85d \uc2a4\uc704\uce58\ub098 \ub77c\uc6b0\ud130\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\ub294 \uc9c0\uc5f0 \uc2dc\uac04\uc744 \ubcf4\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc911\uc694\ud574\uc9d1\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uadf8\ub79c\ub4dc\ub9c8\uc2a4\ud130 (Grandmaster Clock):<\/strong> \uc804\uccb4 \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c\uc758 \uae30\uc900\uc774 \ub418\ub294 \ucd5c\uc0c1\uc704 \uc2dc\uacc4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubcf4\ud1b5 GPS\uc640 \uc5f0\uacb0\ub418\uc5b4 \uc808\ub300 \uc2dc\uac01\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uacbd\uacc4 \uc2dc\uacc4 (Boundary Clock):<\/strong> \uc2a4\uc704\uce58 \uc790\uccb4\uac00 \ub9c8\uc2a4\ud130\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ub3d9\uae30\ud654\ub41c \ud6c4, \ub2e4\uc2dc \ud558\uc704 \uc7a5\uce58\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ub9c8\uc2a4\ud130 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub3d9\uae30\ud654 \ud328\ud0b7\uc774 \ub9ce\uc544\uc9c0\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ubc29\uc9c0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ud22c\uba85 \uc2dc\uacc4 (Transparent Clock):<\/strong> \ud328\ud0b7\uc774 \uc2a4\uc704\uce58 \ub0b4\ubd80\ub97c \ud1b5\uacfc\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uac78\ub9ac\ub294 &#8216;\uccb4\ub958 \uc2dc\uac04(Residence Time)&#8217;\uc744 \uacc4\uc0b0\ud558\uc5ec \ud328\ud0b7 \uc548\uc758 \uc218\uc815 \ud544\ub4dc(Correction Field)\uc5d0 \ub354\ud574\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc911\uac04 \uc7a5\ube44\ub85c \uc778\ud55c \uc624\ucc28\ub97c \uc644\ubcbd\ud788 \uc81c\uac70\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4. PTPv1 vs PTPv2 (IEEE 1588-2008)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud604\uc7ac \uc0b0\uc5c5 \ud604\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84 <strong>PTPv2<\/strong>\uac00 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc8fc\uc694 \uac1c\uc120 \uc0ac\ud56d\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ud22c\uba85 \uc2dc\uacc4(TC) \ub3c4\uc785:<\/strong> \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c \uc9c0\uc5f0 \ubcf4\uc815 \ub2a5\ub825\uc774 \ud68d\uae30\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud5a5\uc0c1\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc9e7\uc740 \uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0 \uc8fc\uae30:<\/strong> \ub354 \uc790\uc8fc \ub3d9\uae30\ud654\ud558\uc5ec \uc815\ubc00\ub3c4\ub97c \ub192\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4 (\ucd5c\ub300 \ucd08\ub2f9 128\ud68c).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc720\uc5f0\uc131:<\/strong> \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ud1b5\uc2e0 \ud504\ub85c\ud1a0\ucf5c(Ethernet, UDP, IPv4\/v6) \uc704\uc5d0\uc11c \ub3d9\uc791 \uac00\ub2a5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>5. \uc0b0\uc5c5 \ud604\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801 \uac00\uce58<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>PLC \uc81c\uc5b4 \ubc0f \ub4dc\ub77c\uc774\ube0c \ub3d9\uae30\ud654:<\/strong> \uc218\uc2ed \ub300\uc758 \uc11c\ubcf4 \ubaa8\ud130\uac00 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \ub9c8\uc774\ud06c\ub85c\ucd08 \ub2e8\uc704\ub85c \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc5ec\uc57c \ud558\ub294 \uc815\ubc00 \uac00\uacf5 \ub77c\uc778\uc5d0\uc11c \ud544\uc218\uc801\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc774\ubca4\ud2b8 \ub85c\uadf8 \ubd84\uc11d:<\/strong> \uacf5\uc7a5\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uace0\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud588\uc744 \ub54c, \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc7a5\uce58\uc5d0\uc11c \uc218\uc9d1\ub41c \ub85c\uadf8\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04\uc744 \ud558\ub098\ub85c \uc77c\uce58\uc2dc\ucf1c \uc815\ud655\ud55c \uc0ac\uace0 \uc6d0\uc778(Sequence of Events)\uc744 \ubd84\uc11d\ud558\uac8c \ud574\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ubb34\uc120 \uc13c\uc11c \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c \uacb0\ud569:<\/strong> \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub2d8\uaed8\uc11c \ubcf4\uc2e0 10\uc7a5, 11\uc7a5\uc758 \uc13c\uc11c \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c \ub370\uc774\ud130\uac00 18\uc7a5\uc758 PTP\uc640 \uacb0\ud569\ub418\uba74, \ubc30\uc120 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc2a4\ub9c8\ud2b8 \ud329\ud1a0\ub9ac\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc644\ubcbd\ud55c \uc2dc\uacc4\uc5f4 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc218\uc9d1\uc774 \uac00\ub2a5\ud574\uc9d1\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\uc81c19\uc7a5 \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4 \ud488\uc9c8(QoS) \ud575\uc2ec \ud0a4\uc6cc\ub4dc TOP 5<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. DiffServ (Differentiated Services, \ucc28\ub4f1 \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud604\ub300 \uc0b0\uc5c5\uc6a9 IP \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \ub110\ub9ac \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \ud655\uc7a5\uc131 \ub192\uc740 QoS \ubaa8\ub378\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc124\uba85:<\/strong> \ud328\ud0b7\uc744 \uac1c\ubcc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uad00\ub9ac\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0, \uc720\uc0ac\ud55c \ud2b9\uc131\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4 \ud2b8\ub798\ud53d\ub07c\ub9ac \ubb36\uc5b4 &#8216;\ud074\ub798\uc2a4&#8217;\ubcc4\ub85c \uc6b0\uc120\uc21c\uc704\ub97c \ubd80\uc5ec\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ud575\uc2ec:<\/strong> \ud328\ud0b7 \ud5e4\ub354\uc758 <strong>DSCP<\/strong> \ud544\ub4dc\uc5d0 \uc6b0\uc120\uc21c\uc704 \uac12\uc744 \ud45c\uc2dc\ud558\uba74, \ub77c\uc6b0\ud130\uc640 \uc2a4\uc704\uce58\uac00 \uc774 \uac12\uc744 \ubcf4\uace0 &#8220;\uc774 \ud328\ud0b7\uc740 \uc81c\uc5b4\uc6a9\uc774\ub2c8 \uba3c\uc800 \ubcf4\ub0b8\ub2e4&#8221;\ub77c\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c \uaddc\ubaa8\uac00 \ucee4\uc838\ub3c4 \uc7a5\ube44\uc5d0 \ubd80\ud558\ub97c \uc8fc\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc544 \uc2a4\ub9c8\ud2b8 \ud329\ud1a0\ub9ac \uc804\ubc18\uc5d0 \uc801\uc6a9\ud558\uae30 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc801\ud569\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. \ud050\uc789 \ubc0f \ud63c\uc7a1 \uad00\ub9ac (Queuing &amp; Congestion Management)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c \ubcd1\ubaa9 \uc9c0\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \ud328\ud0b7\uc758 \uc804\uc1a1 \uc21c\uc11c\ub97c \uacb0\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uba54\ucee4\ub2c8\uc998\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc124\uba85:<\/strong> \ucd9c\ub825 \ud3ec\ud2b8\uc5d0 \ud328\ud0b7\uc774 \uc313\uc77c \ub54c, \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ud328\ud0b7\uc744 \uba3c\uc800 \ub0b4\ubcf4\ub0bc\uc9c0 \uacb0\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. (\uc608: Priority Queuing, Weighted Fair Queuing)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ud575\uc2ec:<\/strong> PLC\uc758 \uc2e4\uc2dc\uac04 \uc81c\uc5b4 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uac00 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \ud38c\uc6e8\uc5b4 \uc5c5\ub370\uc774\ud2b8 \ud30c\uc77c\uc774\ub098 \uc0ac\ubb34\uc6a9 \ud2b8\ub798\ud53d \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \ub4a4\ub85c \ubc00\ub9ac\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ubc29\uc9c0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc911\uc694\ub3c4\uac00 \ub192\uc740 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc5d0 \uc804\uc6a9 &#8216;\uae09\ud589 \ucc28\uc120&#8217;\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc8fc\ub294 \uac83\uacfc \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. \uc9c0\ud130 \ubc0f \uc9c0\uc5f0 \uc2dc\uac04 (Jitter &amp; Latency)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c \uc131\ub2a5\uc744 \ud3c9\uac00\ud558\ub294 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \ucc99\ub3c4\uc774\uc790 \uc2e4\uc2dc\uac04 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc758 \uc801\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc124\uba85:<\/strong> * <strong>\uc9c0\uc5f0 \uc2dc\uac04:<\/strong> \ub370\uc774\ud130\uac00 \uc1a1\uc2e0\uce21\uc5d0\uc11c \uc218\uc2e0\uce21\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub3c4\ub2ec\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uac78\ub9ac\ub294 \uc2dc\uac04\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc9c0\ud130:<\/strong> \uc774 \uc9c0\uc5f0 \uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \uc77c\uc815\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \ub4e4\ucb49\ub0a0\ucb49\ud558\uac8c \ubcc0\ud558\ub294 \ubcc0\ub3d9\ud3ed\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ud575\uc2ec:<\/strong> \uc0b0\uc5c5\uc6a9 \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc18d\ub3c4\ubcf4\ub2e4 **\uc77c\uc815\ud568(\uc9c0\ud130 \ucd5c\uc18c\ud654)**\uc774 \ub354 \uc911\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. QoS \uc124\uc815\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc9c0\ud130\ub97c \uc5b5\uc81c\ud574\uc57c\ub9cc \uc81c\uc5b4 \ub8e8\ud504\uac00 \uc548\uc815\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc791\ub3d9\ud558\uba70 \uc7a5\ube44\uc758 \uc624\ub3d9\uc791\uc744 \ub9c9\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4. \ud2b8\ub798\ud53d \ud3f4\ub9ac\uc2f1 \ubc0f \uc170\uc774\ud551 (Traffic Policing &amp; Shaping)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c \ub300\uc5ed\ud3ed\uc744 \uc57d\uc18d\ub41c \uc218\uc900\uc73c\ub85c \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ud750\ub984 \uc81c\uc5b4 \uae30\uc220\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc124\uba85:<\/strong> * <strong>\ud3f4\ub9ac\uc2f1(Policing):<\/strong> \ud5c8\uc6a9\ub41c \ub300\uc5ed\ud3ed\uc744 \ub118\uc5b4\uc11c\ub294 \ud2b8\ub798\ud53d\uc744 \uc989\uc2dc \ucc28\ub2e8\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc170\uc774\ud551(Shaping):<\/strong> \ub118\uce58\ub294 \ud2b8\ub798\ud53d\uc744 \uc7a0\uc2dc \ubc84\ud37c\uc5d0 \ub2f4\uc544\ub450\uc5c8\ub2e4\uac00 \uc77c\uc815\ud55c \uc18d\ub3c4\ub85c \ub0b4\ubcf4\ub0b4 \ud750\ub984\uc744 \ub9e4\ub044\ub7fd\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4ed\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ud575\uc2ec:<\/strong> \ud2b9\uc815 \uc7a5\ube44\uac00 \uc608\uae30\uce58 \uc54a\uac8c \ub300\ub7c9\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc3df\uc544\ub0b4\uc5b4 \uc804\uccb4 \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c\ub97c \ub9c8\ube44\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 &#8216;\ud2b8\ub798\ud53d \ud3ed\uc8fc&#8217; \ud604\uc0c1\uc744 \ubc29\uc9c0\ud558\uc5ec \uacf5\uc815\uc758 \uac00\uc6a9\uc131\uc744 \ubcf4\ud638\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>5. \uace0\uac00\uc6a9\uc131 \uc194\ub8e8\uc158 (High Availability &#8211; HSRP\/VRRP)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c \uc7a5\ube44\uc758 \uc7a5\uc560\uac00 \uc804\uccb4 \uacf5\uc815\uc758 \uc911\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c0\uc9c0 \uc54a\uac8c \ud558\ub294 \uc774\uc911\ud654 \uae30\uc220\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc124\uba85:<\/strong> \ub450 \ub300 \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 \ub77c\uc6b0\ud130\ub97c \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uac00\uc0c1 \ub77c\uc6b0\ud130\ub85c \uc6b4\uc601\ud558\uc5ec, \uba54\uc778 \uc7a5\ube44\uc5d0 \ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \uc0dd\uae30\uba74 \uc608\ube44 \uc7a5\ube44\uac00 1\ucd08 \ubbf8\ub9cc\uc758 \uc9e7\uc740 \uc2dc\uac04 \ub0b4\uc5d0 \ud1b5\uc2e0\uc744 \uc774\uc5b4\ubc1b\ub294 \uae30\uc220\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ud575\uc2ec:<\/strong> 24\uc2dc\uac04 \uac00\ub3d9\ub418\ub294 \uc0b0\uc5c5 \ud604\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c \uc7a5\ube44 \uad50\uccb4\ub098 \uace0\uc7a5 \uc2dc\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc804\uc1a1\uc758 \uc5f0\uc18d\uc131\uc744 \ubcf4\uc7a5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. QoS\uac00 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc758 &#8216;\uc9c8&#8217;\uc744 \ub2f4\ub2f9\ud55c\ub2e4\uba74, \uace0\uac00\uc6a9\uc131\uc740 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc758 &#8216;\uc0dd\uc874&#8217;\uc744 \ub2f4\ub2f9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\uc790\uae30 \uac80\uc99d \uc644\ub8cc:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uae30\uc220\uc801 \uc804\ubb38\uc131:<\/strong> L3 \uae30\ubc18\uc758 QoS \ubaa8\ub378(DiffServ)\ubd80\ud130 L2\/L3\uc758 \ubb3c\ub9ac\uc801 \uad00\ub9ac(\ud050\uc789, \ud3f4\ub9ac\uc2f1), \uc131\ub2a5 \uc9c0\ud45c(\uc9c0\ud130), \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc2e0\ub8b0\uc131(\uace0\uac00\uc6a9\uc131)\uae4c\uc9c0 \uace0\ub974\uac8c \uc120\uc815\ud558\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790 \uc5c5\ubb34 \uc5f0\uacc4:<\/strong> \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c \uc5d4\uc9c0\ub2c8\uc5b4\ub85c\uc11c \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c \ud2b8\ub7ec\ube14\uc288\ud305\uc774\ub098 \uc778\ud504\ub77c \uc124\uacc4 \uc2dc \ubc18\ub4dc\uc2dc \uace0\ub824\ud574\uc57c \ud560 \uc2e4\ubb34\uc801 \uac1c\ub150\ub4e4\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ud558\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\uc81c20\uc7a5 \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c \uae30\ubc18 \uc81c\uc5b4(NBC) \ud575\uc2ec \ud0a4\uc6cc\ub4dc (\uc6d0\ubb38 \uc6a9\uc5b4 \uad50\uc815\ubcf8)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. \uacb0\uc815\uc131 (Determinism)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc0b0\uc5c5\uc6a9 \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c\uac00 \uc2e4\uc2dc\uac04 \uc81c\uc5b4 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc81c\uc2dc\uac04\uc5d0 \ubc30\ub2ec\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ub2a5\ub825\uc744 \ub9d0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc120\uc815 \uc774\uc720:<\/strong> 20\uc7a5 \uc11c\ub860\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\uc0b0\/\uc5f0\uc18d \uc81c\uc5b4 \ub8e8\ud504\ub97c \uc124\uba85\ud558\uba70 \uac00\uc7a5 \uba3c\uc800 \uac15\uc870\ub41c &#8216;\uc2dc\uac04 \uc81c\uc57d(Time constraint)&#8217;\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec \uac1c\ub150\uc774\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc0c1\uc138 \uc124\uba85:<\/strong> \uc81c\uc5b4 \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc740 \uc815\ud574\uc9c4 \uc8fc\uae30 \ub0b4\uc5d0 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uac00 \ub3c4\ucc29\ud560 \uac83\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ubbff\uc74c\uc744 \ubc14\ud0d5\uc73c\ub85c \uc124\uacc4\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c\uac00 \uc774 &#8216;\uc608\uce21 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131&#8217;\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uba74 \uc81c\uc5b4 \ub8e8\ud504\ub294 \uae68\uc9c0\uac8c \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. Shared-Network Control System (\uacf5\uc720 \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c \uc81c\uc5b4 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(\uc774\uc804\uc758 &#8216;\uc9c1\uc811 \uad6c\uc870&#8217;\ub97c \uc6d0\ubb38 \uc6a9\uc5b4\ub85c \ubc14\ub85c\uc7a1\uc740 \ud0a4\uc6cc\ub4dc\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc120\uc815 \uc774\uc720:<\/strong> \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc81c\uc5b4 \uc18c\uc790\uac00 \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c\uc5d0 \uac1c\ubcc4 \ub178\ub4dc\ub85c \ucc38\uc5ec\ud558\uc5ec \uc790\uc6d0\uc744 \uacf5\uc720\ud558\ub294 NBC\uc758 \uac00\uc7a5 \ud575\uc2ec\uc801\uc778 \uc544\ud0a4\ud14d\ucc98\uc774\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. (Figure 20.4 \ucc38\uc870)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc0c1\uc138 \uc124\uba85:<\/strong> \uc13c\uc11c, \ucee8\ud2b8\ub864\ub7ec, \uc561\ucd94\uc5d0\uc774\ud130\uac00 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uacf5\ud1b5 \ud1b5\uc2e0\ub9dd(Shared-Network)\uc5d0 \uc9c1\uc811 \uc5f0\uacb0\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubc30\uc120\uc740 \uc904\uc9c0\ub9cc \ub300\uc5ed\ud3ed \uacbd\uc7c1\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud55c \uc9c0\uc5f0\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub2d8\uc758 RL \ubaa8\ub378\uc774 \uadf9\ubcf5\ud574\uc57c \ud560 \uac00\uc7a5 \ud070 \ud658\uacbd\uc801 \ubcc0\uc218\uac00 \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. \ud1b5\uc2e0 \uc720\ubc1c \uc9c0\uc5f0 (Communication-Induced Delays, \u03c4sc\u200b &amp; \u03c4ca\u200b)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c \uacf5\uc720\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\ub294 \uc2e4\uc81c\uc801\uc778 \uc2dc\uac04\uc801 \uc190\uc2e4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc120\uc815 \uc774\uc720:<\/strong> 20.3.1.2.2\uc640 20.4 \uc139\uc158\uc5d0\uc11c \uc218\uc2dd(y(kT+\u03c4sc\u200b) \ub4f1)\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uac00\uc7a5 \ube44\uc911 \uc788\uac8c \ub2e4\ub904\uc9c4 \uc131\ub2a5 \uc800\ud558 \uc694\uc778\uc774\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc0c1\uc138 \uc124\uba85:<\/strong> \uc13c\uc11c-\ucee8\ud2b8\ub864\ub7ec \uc9c0\uc5f0(\u03c4sc\u200b)\uacfc \ucee8\ud2b8\ub864\ub7ec-\uc561\ucd94\uc5d0\uc774\ud130 \uc9c0\uc5f0(\u03c4ca\u200b)\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc9c0\uc5f0\uc774 \uc8fc\uae30\ub9c8\ub2e4 \ubcc0\ud558\ub294 &#8216;\uc9c0\ud130&#8217; \ud604\uc0c1\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\uba74 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc740 \ubd88\uc548\uc815\ud574\uc9c0\uba70, \uc774\ub97c \ubcf4\uc0c1\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ud0c0\uc784\uc2a4\ud0ec\ud504\ub098 \uc608\uce21\uae30\uac00 \ud544\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4. \uacf5\ub3d9 \uc124\uacc4 (Co-Design)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c\uc640 \uc81c\uc5b4 \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc744 \ud558\ub098\ub85c \ud1b5\ud569\ud558\uc5ec \uc124\uacc4\ud558\ub294 \ud604\ub300\uc801 \ubc29\ubc95\ub860\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc120\uc815 \uc774\uc720:<\/strong> 20.5 \uc139\uc158\uc758 \uacb0\ub860\uc774\uc790, \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c \uc5d4\uc9c0\ub2c8\uc5b4\ub85c\uc11c \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c \uc790\uc6d0\uacfc \uc81c\uc5b4 \uc131\ub2a5 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 &#8216;\ud2b8\ub808\uc774\ub4dc\uc624\ud504&#8217;\ub97c \ud574\uacb0\ud558\ub294 \ucd5c\uc885 \ud574\uacb0\ucc45\uc774\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc0c1\uc138 \uc124\uba85:<\/strong> &#8220;\uc0d8\ud50c\ub9c1 \uc8fc\uae30\ub97c \ube68\ub9ac \ud558\uba74 \uc131\ub2a5\uc740 \uc88b\uc9c0\ub9cc \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c \ubd80\ud558\uac00 \ucee4\uc9c4\ub2e4&#8221;\ub294 \ubaa8\uc21c\uc744 \ud574\uacb0\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574, \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc5d0 \ub9de\ucdb0 \uc81c\uc5b4 \ud30c\ub77c\ubbf8\ud130\ub97c \uc2e4\uc2dc\uac04\uc73c\ub85c \ud29c\ub2dd\ud558\ub294 \uc9c0\ub2a5\ud615 \uc124\uacc4 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>5. \uc774\ubca4\ud2b8 \ud2b8\ub9ac\uac70 \uc81c\uc5b4 (Event-Triggered Control)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc790\uc6d0 \ud6a8\uc728\uc131\uc744 \uadf9\ub300\ud654\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c &#8216;\ud544\uc694 \uae30\ubc18&#8217; \ud1b5\uc2e0 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc120\uc815 \uc774\uc720:<\/strong> 20.5.3\uc5d0\uc11c \uae30\uc874\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04 \ud2b8\ub9ac\uac70(Time-triggered) \ubc29\uc2dd\uc758 \ub300\uc548\uc73c\ub85c \uc81c\uc2dc\ub41c \ucd5c\uc2e0 \uae30\uc220\uc774\uc790 \uc5f0\uad6c \uacfc\uc81c\uc774\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc0c1\uc138 \uc124\uba85:<\/strong> \uc77c\uc815\ud55c \uc8fc\uae30\ub9c8\ub2e4 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ubcf4\ub0b4\ub294 \ub300\uc2e0, \uc624\ucc28\uac00 \ucee4\uc9c0\ub294 \ub4f1 \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c &#8216;\uc774\ubca4\ud2b8&#8217;\uac00 \uc788\uc744 \ub54c\ub9cc \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uacf5\uc720 \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c(Shared-Network)\uc758 \ubd80\ud558\ub97c \uc904\uc774\ub294 \ub370 \ud0c1\uc6d4\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ubd88\uaddc\uce59\ud55c \uc804\uc1a1 \ud2b9\uc131 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc548\uc815\uc131 \ud655\ubcf4\uac00 \uae4c\ub2e4\ub86d\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\uc81c21\uc7a5 \uc0b0\uc5c5\uc6a9 \ud1b5\uc2e0 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc758 \uc548\uc804\uc131 (Safety in Industrial Communication Systems) \ud575\uc2ec \ud0a4\uc6cc\ub4dc<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. \ube14\ub799 \ucc44\ub110 (Black-channel)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ube14\ub799 \ucc44\ub110<\/strong>\uc740 \uc548\uc804 \uad00\ub828 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uac00 &#8216;\uc548\uc804\uc774 \uac80\uc99d\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740&#8217; \uc77c\ubc18 \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c\ub97c \ud1b5\uacfc\ud560 \ub54c, \uadf8 \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c\uc758 \uc2e0\ub8b0\uc131\uc744 \ubb34\uc2dc\ud558\uace0 <strong>\ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc591 \ub05d\ub2e8(End-to-End)\uc5d0\uc11c\ub9cc \uc548\uc804\uc131\uc744 \ubcf4\uc7a5<\/strong>\ud558\ub294 \uac1c\ub150\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ud575\uc2ec \uc6d0\ub9ac:<\/strong> \ud45c\uc900 \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c \ud658\uacbd(\ucf00\uc774\ube14, \uc2a4\uc704\uce58, \uc77c\ubc18 \ud504\ub85c\ud1a0\ucf5c \uc2a4\ud0dd)\uc744 \ud558\ub098\uc758 &#8216;\uac80\uc740 \uc0c1\uc790&#8217;\ub85c \ucde8\uae09\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub0b4\ubd80\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc624\ub958\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4, \uc0c1\uc704 \uc548\uc804 \ub808\uc774\uc5b4(Safety Layer)\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ub97c \uac10\uc9c0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\uba74 \ud574\ub2f9 \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c\ub97c \uc548\uc804 \ud1b5\uc2e0\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \ub17c\ub9ac\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc7a5\uc810:<\/strong> \uae30\uc874\uc758 \ud45c\uc900 \uc774\ub354\ub137\uc774\ub098 \ud544\ub4dc\ubc84\uc2a4 \ud558\ub4dc\uc6e8\uc5b4\ub97c \uadf8\ub300\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc5b4 \ube44\uc6a9\uc774 \uc808\uac10\ub418\uba70, \uc548\uc804 \uad00\ub828 \ud38c\uc6e8\uc5b4\ub97c <strong>OSI 7\uacc4\uce35 \uc704<\/strong>\uc5d0 \ubc30\uce58\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ud45c\uc900 \ud504\ub85c\ud1a0\ucf5c\uacfc\uc758 \ud638\ud658\uc131\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc801\uc6a9:<\/strong> PROFIsafe, SafetyLon \ub4f1\uc774 \uc774 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. SIL (Safety Integrity Level, \uc548\uc804 \ubb34\uacb0\uc131 \uc218\uc900)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>SIL<\/strong>\uc740 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc758 \uc548\uc804 \uae30\ub2a5\uc774 \uc2e4\ud328\ud560 \ud655\ub960\uc744 \uc218\uce58\ud654\ud558\uc5ec \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b8 <strong>\uc548\uc804 \uc131\ub2a5\uc758 \ucc99\ub3c4<\/strong>\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. [IEC 61508] \ud45c\uc900\uc5d0 \uc815\uc758\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, 1\ub2e8\uacc4\ubd80\ud130 4\ub2e8\uacc4\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc874\uc7ac\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>SIL 3\uc758 \uc758\ubbf8:<\/strong> \ubcf8\ubb38\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5b8\uae09\ub41c \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc758 \uc0b0\uc5c5\uc6a9 \ud1b5\uc2e0 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc774 \ubaa9\ud45c\ub85c \ud558\ub294 \ub4f1\uae09\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 &#8216;\uc2dc\uac04\ub2f9 \uc704\ud5d8 \uace0\uc7a5 \ud655\ub960(PFH)&#8217;\uc774 <strong>10\u22128 \uc774\uc0c1 10\u22127 \ubbf8\ub9cc<\/strong>\uc774\uc5b4\uc57c \ud568\uc744 \ub73b\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc989, \uc57d 1,100\ub144\uc5d0\uc11c 11,000\ub144 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \ub2e8 \ud55c \ubc88\uc758 \uc704\ud5d8\ud55c \uace0\uc7a5\uc774 \ud5c8\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc5c4\uaca9\ud55c \uae30\uc900\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uacb0\uc815 \uc694\uc778:<\/strong> \ub2e8\uc21c\ud55c \ud655\ub960 \uacc4\uc0b0\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \uac1c\ubc1c \ud504\ub85c\uc138\uc2a4\uc758 \uc5c4\uaca9\ud568, \ud558\ub4dc\uc6e8\uc5b4\uc758 \uacb0\ud568 \ud5c8\uc6a9 \ub2a5\ub825(Fault Tolerance), \uc9c4\ub2e8 \ubc94\uc704(Diagnostic Coverage) \ub4f1\uc774 \ubaa8\ub450 \uc885\ud569\ub418\uc5b4 \uacb0\uc815\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. 1oo2 \uc544\ud0a4\ud14d\ucc98 (One-out-of-Two Architecture)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1oo2<\/strong>\ub294 \ud558\ub4dc\uc6e8\uc5b4 \uc911\ubcf5\uc131(Redundancy)\uc758 \ud55c \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c, \ub450 \uac1c\uc758 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc801\uc778 \ucc44\ub110\uc774 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \uc791\uc5c5\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud558\uace0 \uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c **\uad50\ucc28 \ube44\uad50(Cross-comparison)**\ud558\ub294 \uad6c\uc870\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc791\ub3d9 \ubc29\uc2dd:<\/strong> \ub450 \uac1c\uc758 \ud504\ub85c\uc138\uc11c(CPU)\uac00 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \uc785\ub825 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ucc98\ub9ac\ud55c \ud6c4, \uc11c\ub85c\uc758 \uacb0\uacfc\uac12\uc744 \ube44\uad50\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub9cc\uc57d \ub450 \uacb0\uacfc\uac00 \uc77c\uce58\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba74 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc740 \uc989\uc2dc **&#8217;\uc548\uc804 \uc0c1\ud0dc(Safe State, \uc608: \uae30\uacc4 \uc815\uc9c0)&#8217;**\ub85c \uc804\ud658\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ubaa9\uc801:<\/strong> \ud558\ub4dc\uc6e8\uc5b4\uc758 \ud655\ub960\uc801 \uace0\uc7a5(Stochastic failure)\uc744 \uac10\uc9c0\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud568\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubcf8\ubb38\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 CANopen Safety \ub4f1\uc774 \ud504\ub85c\ud1a0\ucf5c \uac15\ud654\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 SIL 3 \ub2ec\uc131\uc774 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6cc \uc774 \ud558\ub4dc\uc6e8\uc5b4 \uc544\ud0a4\ud14d\ucc98\ub97c \ucc44\ud0dd\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \uc124\uba85\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4. HAZOP (Hazard and Operability Study, \uc704\ud5d8\uc6d0 \ubc0f \uc6b4\uc804\uc131 \uac80\ud1a0)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>HAZOP<\/strong>\uc740 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c \uc124\uacc4\uc758 \ucd08\uae30 \ub2e8\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc7a0\uc7ac\uc801\uc778 \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \uc2dd\ubcc4\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 <strong>\ud558\ud5a5\uc2dd(Top-down) \ud300 \ubd84\uc11d \uae30\ubc95<\/strong>\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uac00\uc774\ub4dc \uc6cc\ub4dc(Guide Words):<\/strong> &#8216;No&#8217;, &#8216;More&#8217;, &#8216;Less&#8217;, &#8216;Late&#8217; \ub4f1\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ub2e8\uc5b4\ub97c \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c \uae30\ub2a5\uc5d0 \ub300\uc785\ud558\uc5ec \ubd84\uc11d\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \ud1b5\uc2e0 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc5d0 **&#8217;Late&#8217;**\ub97c \uc801\uc6a9\ud558\uba74 &#8220;\uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0\uac00 \uc9c0\uc5f0\ub418\uc5b4 \ub3c4\ucc29\ud560 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc704\ud5d8\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\ub294\uac00?&#8221;\ub77c\ub294 \uc9c8\ubb38\uc744 \uc720\ub3c4\ud558\uace0, \uc774\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubc29\ucc45(\ud0c0\uc784\uc2a4\ud0ec\ud504 \ub4f1)\uc744 \uc138\uc6b0\uac8c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc911\uc694\uc131:<\/strong> \uc548\uc804 \uc0dd\uba85\uc8fc\uae30\uc5d0\uc11c \uccab \ub2e8\ucd94\ub97c \uaff0\ub294 \uc791\uc5c5\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \ubc1c\uacac\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc704\ud5d8\uc6d0\uc740 \uc774\ud6c4 \uc124\uacc4 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uc644\uc804\ud788 \ub204\ub77d\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>5. \uc548\uc804 \uc0ac\ub840 (Safety Case) &amp; GSN<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\uc548\uc804 \uc0ac\ub840<\/strong>\ub294 &#8220;\uc774 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc740 \ucda9\ubd84\ud788 \uc548\uc804\ud558\ub2e4&#8221;\ub294 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc744 \ub17c\ub9ac\uc801 \uadfc\uac70\uc640 \uc99d\uac70(Evidence)\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc785\uc99d\ud558\ub294 <strong>\uc885\ud569 \uc99d\uba85 \ubb38\uc11c<\/strong>\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>GSN (Goal Structuring Notation):<\/strong> \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud558\uace0 \ubc29\ub300\ud55c \uc548\uc804 \uc0ac\ub840 \ubb38\uc11c\ub97c \uc2dc\uac01\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud45c\ud604\ud558\ub294 \ud45c\uae30\ubc95\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. <strong>\ubaa9\ud45c(Goal)<\/strong> &#8211; <strong>\uc804\ub7b5(Strategy)<\/strong> &#8211; **\uc194\ub8e8\uc158(Solution\/Evidence)**\uc758 \uacc4\uce35 \uad6c\uc870\ub85c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9d1\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc5ed\ud560:<\/strong> \uaddc\uc81c \uae30\uad00\uc774\ub098 \uc778\uc99d \uae30\uad00(T\u00dcV \ub4f1)\uc774 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc758 \uc548\uc804\uc131\uc744 \uac80\ud1a0\ud560 \ub54c, \uc5d4\uc9c0\ub2c8\uc5b4\uc758 \uc124\uacc4 \uc758\ub3c4\uc640 \uac80\uc99d \uacb0\uacfc(HAZOP \ubcf4\uace0\uc11c, FMEA \uacb0\uacfc, \ud14c\uc2a4\ud2b8 \ub85c\uadf8 \ub4f1)\uac00 \ub17c\ub9ac\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud0c0\ub2f9\ud55c\uc9c0 \ud55c\ub208\uc5d0 \ud30c\uc545\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \ub3d5\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">22\uc7a5: \uc0b0\uc5c5 \ud1b5\uc2e0 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc758 \ubcf4\uc548<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774 \uc7a5\uc740 <strong>\uc0b0\uc5c5 \ud1b5\uc2e0 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c<\/strong>\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ubcf4\uc548 \ud544\uc694\uc131, \uc704\ud611 \ubd84\ub958, \uc124\uacc4 \uc6d0\uce59(\uc2ec\uce35 \ubc29\uc5b4), \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c\u00b7\uc7a5\uce58 \uc218\uc900\uc758 \ub300\uc751\ucc45, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ud604\ud589 \uae30\uc220(\ud544\ub4dc\ubc84\uc2a4\u00b7IP\u00b7\ubb34\uc120)\uc758 \ubcf4\uc548 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub97c \uccb4\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\ub9ac\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud575\uc2ec\uc740 \uc0b0\uc5c5 \ud658\uacbd\uc758 <strong>\uc2e4\uc2dc\uac04\uc131\u00b7\uc81c\uc57d\ub41c \uc790\uc6d0<\/strong> \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 IT \ubcf4\uc548 \uae30\ubc95\uc744 \uadf8\ub300\ub85c \uc801\uc6a9\ud558\uae30 \uc5b4\ub835\uace0, \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc870\uc9c1\uc801 \ub300\ucc45(\uc815\ucc45\u00b7\uc808\ucc28)\uacfc \uacc4\uce35\uc801(Defense\u2011in\u2011Depth) \uc124\uacc4\uac00 \ud544\uc218\ub77c\ub294 \uc810\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cModern industrial communication systems go far beyond small automated islands&#8230; Vertical integration and transmission over the Internet are common today, but they require additional security measures to protect the assets.\u201d<br>\u201cIndustrial communication systems are distributed systems where the control functionality is spread across different devices.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud575\uc2ec \ud0a4\uc6cc\ub4dc 5\uac1c (\ud45c)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><strong>\ud0a4\uc6cc\ub4dc<\/strong><\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-right\" data-align=\"right\"><strong>\uc911\uc694\uc131(\ud55c \uc904)<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>\uc7a5 \ub0b4 \uc704\uce58<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Defense\u2011in\u2011Depth<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-right\" data-align=\"right\">\ub2e4\uce35 \ubc29\uc5b4\ub85c \ub2e8\uc77c \uc2e4\ud328 \uc9c0\uc810 \ud68c\ud53c<\/td><td>22.2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c \uacf5\uaca9 \ubd84\ub958<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-right\" data-align=\"right\">\uac00\ub85c\ucc44\uae30\u00b7\uc218\uc815\u00b7\uc870\uc791\u00b7\uc911\ub2e8(DoS)\uc73c\ub85c \uc704\ud611 \uc720\ud615 \uaddc\uc815<\/td><td>22.1, 22.3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\uc554\ud638\ud654(cryptography)<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-right\" data-align=\"right\">\uae30\ubc00\uc131\u00b7\ubb34\uacb0\uc131\u00b7\uc2e0\uc120\uc131 \ubcf4\uc7a5 \uc218\ub2e8(\ub2e8, DoS \ubd88\uac00)<\/td><td>22.3.3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\uc7a5\uce58 \ubcf4\uc548(\ud1a0\ud070\u00b7\ud558\ub4dc\uc6e8\uc5b4)<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-right\" data-align=\"right\">\ud0a4\u00b7\ubbfc\uac10\ub370\uc774\ud130 \ubcf4\ud638, \ubcc0\uc870 \ubc29\uc9c0 \ud544\uc694<\/td><td>22.4.1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\uc6b4\uc601\u00b7\uc870\uc9c1(\uc815\ucc45\u00b7\uc808\ucc28)<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-right\" data-align=\"right\">\uae30\uc220\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc870\uc9c1\uc801 \uc694\uc18c(4P)\uac00 \ub354 \ud070 \uc601\ud5a5<\/td><td>22.2<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud0a4\uc6cc\ub4dc\ubcc4 \uc0c1\uc138 \uc124\uba85<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. <strong>Defense\u2011in\u2011Depth<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\uc815\uc758\uc640 \uc5ed\ud560<\/strong>: \uc5ec\ub7ec \ubcf4\uc548 \uacc4\uce35(\ubb3c\ub9ac\u00b7\ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c\u00b7\uc560\ud50c\ub9ac\ucf00\uc774\uc158\u00b7\uc6b4\uc601)\uc744 \uc911\ucca9\ud574 \uc801\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uc804\ub7b5\uc73c\ub85c, \ud55c \uacc4\uce35\uc774 \ub6ab\ub824\ub3c4 \uc804\uccb4 \uc790\uc0b0\uc774 \uc989\uc2dc \ub178\ucd9c\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub3c4\ub85d \uc124\uacc4\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<br><strong>\uc0b0\uc5c5\uc801 \ud2b9\uc131<\/strong>: \uc0b0\uc5c5 \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c\ub294 \uacc4\uce35\uc801 \uad6c\uc870(\ud604\uc7a5\u2011\uc778\ud2b8\ub77c\ub137\u2011\uc778\ud130\ub137)\ub97c \uac00\uc9c0\ubbc0\ub85c, \uac01 \uacbd\uacc4(\uc608: \ubc29\ud654\ubcbd, \uac8c\uc774\ud2b8\uc6e8\uc774)\ub97c <strong>\uc575\ucee4 \ud3ec\uc778\ud2b8<\/strong>\ub85c \uc0bc\uc544 \ucd5c\uc2e0 \ubcf4\uc548 \uc7a5\ube44\ub97c \uc9d1\uc911 \ubc30\uce58\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ud604\uc2e4\uc801\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<br><strong>\uc124\uacc4 \uc2dc \uace0\ub824\uc0ac\ud56d<\/strong>: \uacbd\uacc4 \uc124\uc815(\uc2e0\ub8b0\/\ube44\uc2e0\ub8b0 \uc601\uc5ed \uc815\uc758)\uc774 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc911\uc694\ud558\uba70, \uacfc\ub3c4\ud55c \ubcf5\uc7a1\uc131\uc740 \uc624\ud788\ub824 \uc124\uc815 \uc624\ub958\ub97c \uc720\ubc1c\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. <strong>\ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c \uacf5\uaca9 \ubd84\ub958 (Interception \/ Modification \/ Fabrication \/ Interruption)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\uc694\uc57d<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uac00\ub85c\ucc44\uae30(Interception)<\/strong>: \uc2a4\ub2c8\ud551 \ub4f1\uc73c\ub85c \uae30\ubc00 \uc720\ucd9c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc218\uc815(Modification)<\/strong>: \uc804\uc1a1 \uc911 \uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0 \ubcc0\uc870\ub85c \uc81c\uc5b4 \uc65c\uace1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc870\uc791(Fabrication)<\/strong>: \uc545\uc131 \uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0 \uc0bd\uc785\u00b7\uc7ac\uc804\uc1a1(\ub9ac\ud50c\ub808\uc774).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc911\ub2e8(Interruption, DoS)<\/strong>: \ud1b5\uc2e0 \ubd88\ub2a5\uc73c\ub85c \uac00\uc6a9\uc131 \uc800\ud574.<br><strong>\ub300\uc751 \ud3ec\uc778\ud2b8<\/strong>: \uae30\ubc00\uc131\u00b7\ubb34\uacb0\uc131\u00b7\uc2e0\uc120\uc131\uc740 \uc554\ud638\ud654\u00b7MAC\u00b7nonce\ub85c, \uac00\uc6a9\uc131(DoS)\uc740 \ubb3c\ub9ac\uc801 \uc811\uadfc \uc81c\ud55c\u00b7\ud074\ub77c\uc774\uc5b8\ud2b8 \ud37c\uc990\u00b7IDS \ub4f1 \ube44\uc554\ud638\uc801 \uc218\ub2e8 \ud544\uc694.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. <strong>\uc554\ud638\ud654(cryptography)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\uae30\ub2a5\ubcc4 \uc5ed\ud560<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uae30\ubc00\uc131<\/strong>: \ub300\uce6d\/\ube44\ub300\uce6d \uc554\ud638\ub85c \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ud574\ub3c5 \ubc29\uc9c0.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ubb34\uacb0\uc131<\/strong>: MAC\u00b7\ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \uc11c\uba85\uc73c\ub85c \ubcc0\uc870 \uac80\ucd9c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc2e0\uc120\uc131<\/strong>: nonce\u00b7\ud0c0\uc784\uc2a4\ud0ec\ud504\ub85c \uc7ac\uc804\uc1a1 \ubc29\uc9c0.<br><strong>\uc2e4\ubb34 \uace0\ub824\uc0ac\ud56d<\/strong>: \uc784\ubca0\ub514\ub4dc \uc7a5\uce58\uc758 \uc5f0\uc0b0\u00b7\uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac\u00b7\uc804\ub825 \uc81c\uc57d \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 <strong>\u201c\ud544\uc694\ud55c \ub9cc\ud07c\ub9cc\u201d<\/strong>(good\u2011enough security) \uc801\uc6a9\ud574\uc57c \ud558\uba70, \uc77c\ubd80 \ud544\ub4dc\ubc84\uc2a4\ub294 \uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0 \uae38\uc774 \uc81c\ud55c\uc73c\ub85c MAC\/\ud0dc\uadf8 \ucd94\uac00\uac00 \uc131\ub2a5\uc5d0 \ud070 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c DoS \ubc29\uc5b4\ub294 \uc554\ud638\ud654\ub85c \ud574\uacb0\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. <strong>\uc7a5\uce58 \ubcf4\uc548 \u2014 \ubcf4\ud638 \ud558\ub4dc\uc6e8\uc5b4\uc640 \ubcf4\uc548 \ud1a0\ud070<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud575\uc2ec \ubb38\uc81c<\/strong>: \ud0a4\u00b7\uacc4\uc218\u00b7\uc560\ud50c\ub9ac\ucf00\uc774\uc158 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uac00 \ub178\ub4dc \ub0b4\ubd80\uc5d0 \uc800\uc7a5\ub420 \ub54c \ubb3c\ub9ac\uc801\u00b7\uc0ac\uc774\ub4dc\ucc44\ub110 \uacf5\uaca9\uc5d0 \ucde8\uc57d.<br><strong>\ub300\uc751 \uacc4\uce35<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ubb3c\ub9ac\uc801 \ubd09\uc778\/\ud0ec\ud37c \uac10\uc9c0<\/strong>(\uc800\ube44\uc6a9 \uc2a4\uc704\uce58 \u2192 \ud55c\uacc4 \uc874\uc7ac)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ubcf4\uc548 \ud1a0\ud070(\uc2a4\ub9c8\ud2b8\uce74\ub4dc\/\ub0b4\uc7a5 \ubcf4\uc548 \ubaa8\ub4c8)<\/strong>: \ud0a4 \uc800\uc7a5\u00b7\uc554\ud638 \uc5f0\uc0b0 \uc804\uc6a9, \uc804\ub825\u00b7\uc804\uc6d0 \ubaa8\ub2c8\ud130\ub9c1, \ub09c\ub3c5\ud654 \ub4f1 \uc81c\uacf5.<br><strong>\ud604\uc2e4\uc801 \uad8c\uace0<\/strong>: \uc804\uccb4 \ub178\ub4dc \ubcf4\ud638\ub294 \ube44\uc6a9 \ube44\ud6a8\uc728\uc801 \u2192 \ud575\uc2ec \ube44\ubc00\ub9cc \ubcf4\uc548 \ud1a0\ud070\uc5d0 \ubcf4\uad00\ud558\uace0, \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0 \uce69 \ub0b4\ubd80 \ud1b5\ud569\uc744 \uad8c\uc7a5.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. <strong>\uc6b4\uc601\u00b7\uc870\uc9c1(\uc815\ucc45\u00b7\uc808\ucc28) \u2014 4P: People, Policy, Processes, Procedures<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ube44\uc911<\/strong>: \uc7a5\uc740 \u201c\ubcf4\uc548\uc740 20% \uae30\uc220, 80% \uc870\uc9c1\u201d\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \uc9c0\uc801\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubcf4\uc548\uc815\ucc45(\uc544\ud0a4\ud14d\ucc98)\uc740 \uc790\uc0b0\u00b7\uc704\ud5d8\u00b7\ucde8\uc57d\uc810\u00b7\uc704\ud611\u00b7\ub300\uc751\uc758 \uc804 \uacfc\uc815\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud574\uc57c \ud558\uba70, <strong>\ucf00\ub974\ud06c\ud638\ud504 \uc6d0\uce59<\/strong>(\uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998 \uacf5\uac1c\u00b7\ud0a4 \ube44\ubc00 \uc720\uc9c0)\uc744 \uc900\uc218\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<br><strong>\uc2e4\ubb34 \ud3ec\uc778\ud2b8<\/strong>: \uc704\ud5d8\u00b7\uc704\ud611 \ubd84\uc11d \u2192 \ucde8\uc57d\uc810 \uc2dd\ubcc4 \u2192 \uc6b0\uc120\uc21c\uc704(\uc704\ud611 \uc601\ud5a5\u00b7\ubc1c\uc0dd\ud655\ub960) \u2192 \ube44\uc6a9\u00b7\ud3b8\uc758\uc131(comfort)\uacfc\uc758 \ud2b8\ub808\uc774\ub4dc\uc624\ud504\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc2e4\ud604 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \ubcf4\uc548 \uc218\uc900\uc744 \uc124\uacc4\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uc2e4\ubb34\uc801 \uad8c\uc7a5 \uc694\uc57d (\uc9e7\uac8c)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ud604\uc7a5(\ud544\ub4dc) \ub808\ubca8 \ubcf4\uc548 \uac15\ud654<\/strong>: \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\uba74 \uc5d4\ub4dc\ud22c\uc5d4\ub4dc \ubcf4\uc548(\uc554\ud638\ud654+\ubb34\uacb0\uc131) \ub3c4\uc785, \ub2e8 \uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0 \ud06c\uae30\u00b7\uc790\uc6d0 \uc81c\uc57d \uace0\ub824.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uacc4\uce35\uc801 \ubc29\uc5b4 \uc801\uc6a9<\/strong>: DMZ\u00b7\uc774\uc911 \ubc29\ud654\ubcbd\u00b7\uac8c\uc774\ud2b8\uc6e8\uc774\ub85c \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c \ubd84\ud560.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>DoS \ub300\ube44<\/strong>: \ubb3c\ub9ac\uc801 \uc811\uadfc \ud1b5\uc81c, \ud074\ub77c\uc774\uc5b8\ud2b8 \ud37c\uc990, IDS\/IPS\ub85c \ud0d0\uc9c0\u00b7\uaca9\ub9ac.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc7a5\uce58 \ubcf4\ud638 \uc6b0\uc120\uc21c\uc704<\/strong>: \ud575\uc2ec \ud0a4\u00b7\ubbfc\uac10 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub9cc \ubcf4\uc548 \ud1a0\ud070\uc5d0 \ubcf4\uad00, \uce69 \ud1b5\ud569 \uad8c\uc7a5.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc815\ucc45\uacfc \uad50\uc721<\/strong>: \uae30\uc220\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \ubd80\uc871\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \uc6b4\uc601 \uc808\ucc28\u00b7\uad8c\ud55c \uad00\ub9ac\u00b7\uad50\uc721\uc5d0 \ud22c\uc790.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc6d0\ud558\uc2dc\uba74 \uc774 \uc694\uc57d\uc744 <strong>\ud504\ub808\uc820\ud14c\uc774\uc158 \uc2ac\ub77c\uc774\ub4dc(\uc694\uc57d 5\uc7a5)<\/strong> \ub610\ub294 <strong>\ud604\uc7a5 \ubcf4\uc548 \uccb4\ud06c\ub9ac\uc2a4\ud2b8<\/strong> \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \uc815\ub9ac\ud574 \ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5b4\ub290 \ucabd\uc744 \uba3c\uc800 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uae4c\uc694?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\uc81c18\uc7a5 \uc2dc\uac01 \ub3d9\uae30\ud654 \ud575\uc2ec \ud0a4\uc6cc\ub4dc TOP 5 1. PTP (Precision Time Protocol, IEEE 1588) \uc0b0\uc5c5 \uc790\ub3d9\ud654\uc758 \ud45c\uc900\uc774 \ub41c \ucd08\uc815\ubc00 \uc2dc\uac01 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1185],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8767","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-1185"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8767","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8767"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8767\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8785,"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8767\/revisions\/8785"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8767"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8767"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8767"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}