{"id":9321,"date":"2026-08-04T21:45:39","date_gmt":"2026-08-04T12:45:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/?p=9321"},"modified":"2026-08-04T22:22:19","modified_gmt":"2026-08-04T13:22:19","slug":"cavitation-flashing-control-valve-handbook-5-11","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/cavitation-flashing-control-valve-handbook-5-11\/","title":{"rendered":"Cavitation, Flashing control valve handbook 5.12"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/valve-2.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px\" aria-label=\"valve\uc758 \uc0bd\uc785.\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-68d9b3a4-ce01-4e48-8c23-d5c274668dfe\" href=\"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/valve-2.pdf\">valve<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/valve-2.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-68d9b3a4-ce01-4e48-8c23-d5c274668dfe\">\ub2e4\uc6b4\ub85c\ub4dc<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>{\n  \"topic_id\": \"control_valve_cavitation_flashing_vena_contracta_choked_flow_selection\",\n  \"title\": \"Control Valve Handbook 5.14 Cavitation and Flashing\",\n  \"language\": \"ko\",\n  \"document_purpose\": &#91;\n    \"\uc0b0\uc5c5\uacc4\uce21\uc81c\uc5b4\uae30\uc220\uc0ac \ub2f5\uc548 \uc791\uc131\",\n    \"\uc81c\uc5b4\ubc38\ube0c \uc561\uccb4 \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4 \uc120\uc815\",\n    \"Cavitation\uacfc Flashing\uc758 \ud310\ubcc4\",\n    \"\uc190\uc0c1 \ud615\ud0dc\uc640 \ub300\ucc45\uc758 \uad6c\uc870\ud654\"\n  ],\n  \"source_scope\": {\n    \"primary_source\": \"Emerson Control Valve Handbook, Sixth Edition\",\n    \"chapter\": 5,\n    \"sections\": &#91;\n      \"5.14 Cavitation and Flashing\",\n      \"5.14.1 Choked Flow Causes Flashing and Cavitation\",\n      \"5.14.2 Valve Selection for Flashing Service\",\n      \"5.14.3 Valve Selection for Cavitation Service\"\n    ]\n  },\n  \"symbols\": {\n    \"P1\": {\n      \"meaning\": \"\ubc38\ube0c \uc785\uad6c\uc555\ub825\",\n      \"location\": \"valve inlet\"\n    },\n    \"Pvc\": {\n      \"meaning\": \"Vena Contracta\uc758 \uc555\ub825\",\n      \"location\": \"minimum flow-area region immediately downstream of the restriction\"\n    },\n    \"P2\": {\n      \"meaning\": \"\ubc38\ube0c \ucd9c\uad6c\uc555\ub825\",\n      \"location\": \"valve outlet\"\n    },\n    \"Pv\": {\n      \"meaning\": \"\uc6b4\uc804\uc628\ub3c4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc561\uccb4\uc758 \uc99d\uae30\uc555\",\n      \"dependency\": &#91;\n        \"fluid type\",\n        \"operating temperature\"\n      ]\n    },\n    \"deltaP_actual\": {\n      \"meaning\": \"\ubc38\ube0c \uc591\ub2e8\uc758 \uc2e4\uc81c \uc555\ub825\uac15\ud558\",\n      \"equation\": \"deltaP_actual = P1 - P2\"\n    },\n    \"deltaP_choked\": {\n      \"meaning\": \"IEC \uc561\uccb4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc9d5\uc73c\ub85c \uacc4\uc0b0\ud558\ub294 \ucd08\ud06c \uc555\ub825\uac15\ud558\"\n    }\n  },\n  \"core_mechanism\": &#91;\n    {\n      \"sequence\": 1,\n      \"event\": \"\uc561\uccb4\uac00 \ubc38\ube0c \uc81c\ud55c\ubd80\ub97c \ud1b5\uacfc\ud55c\ub2e4.\"\n    },\n    {\n      \"sequence\": 2,\n      \"event\": \"\uc720\uccb4 \ud750\ub984\uc758 \ub2e8\uba74\uc801\uc774 \uac10\uc18c\ud55c\ub2e4.\"\n    },\n    {\n      \"sequence\": 3,\n      \"event\": \"Vena Contracta\uc5d0\uc11c \uc720\uc18d\uc774 \ucd5c\ub300\uac00 \ub41c\ub2e4.\"\n    },\n    {\n      \"sequence\": 4,\n      \"event\": \"\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 \uc99d\uac00\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc815\uc555\uc774 \ucd5c\uc18c\uac00 \ub41c\ub2e4.\"\n    },\n    {\n      \"sequence\": 5,\n      \"event\": \"Pvc\uac00 Pv\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub0ae\uc544\uc9c0\uba74 \uc99d\uae30 \uae30\ud3ec\uac00 \uc0dd\uc131\ub41c\ub2e4.\"\n    },\n    {\n      \"sequence\": 6,\n      \"event\": \"\ud558\ub958 \uc555\ub825\ud68c\ubcf5 \ud6c4 \uae30\ud3ec\uac00 \ubd95\uad34\ud558\ub294\uc9c0 \uc720\uc9c0\ub418\ub294\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c Cavitation\uacfc Flashing\uc744 \uad6c\ubd84\ud55c\ub2e4.\"\n    }\n  ],\n  \"choked_flow_relation\": {\n    \"warning_condition\": \"deltaP_actual > deltaP_choked\",\n    \"meaning\": \"Cavitation \ub610\ub294 Flashing\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.\",\n    \"possible_consequence\": &#91;\n      \"control valve structural damage\",\n      \"trim damage\",\n      \"adjacent downstream piping damage\"\n    ],\n    \"important_note\": \"Choked flow, Cavitation \ubc0f Flashing\uc740 \uad00\ub828\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc73c\ub098 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \uc6a9\uc5b4\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4.\"\n  },\n  \"bubble_formation\": {\n    \"condition\": \"Pvc &lt; Pv\",\n    \"result\": \"liquid vapor bubbles form\",\n    \"shared_stage\": \"\uc774 \ub2e8\uacc4\uae4c\uc9c0\ub294 Cavitation\uacfc Flashing\uc774 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud558\ub2e4.\"\n  },\n  \"decision_logic\": {\n    \"no_vapor_bubble\": {\n      \"condition\": \"Pvc >= Pv\",\n      \"classification\": \"no vapor bubble formation\"\n    },\n    \"cavitation\": {\n      \"condition\": \"Pvc &lt; Pv and P2 > Pv\",\n      \"compact_equation\": \"Pvc &lt; Pv &lt; P2\",\n      \"bubble_behavior\": \"\uc99d\uae30 \uae30\ud3ec\uac00 \ud558\ub958 \uc555\ub825\ud68c\ubcf5 \uad6c\uac04\uc5d0\uc11c \ubd95\uad34\ud55c\ub2e4.\"\n    },\n    \"flashing\": {\n      \"condition\": \"Pvc &lt; Pv and P2 &lt; Pv\",\n      \"compact_equation\": \"Pvc &lt; Pv, P2 &lt; Pv\",\n      \"bubble_behavior\": \"\uc99d\uae30 \uae30\ud3ec\uac00 \ubd95\uad34\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \ud558\ub958\ub85c \uc9c0\uc18d\ub41c\ub2e4.\"\n    }\n  },\n  \"cavitation\": {\n    \"definition\": \"Vena Contracta\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c \uc99d\uae30 \uae30\ud3ec\uac00 \ud558\ub958\uc758 \uc555\ub825\ud68c\ubcf5 \uad6c\uac04\uc5d0\uc11c \ubd95\uad34\ud558\ub294 \ud604\uc0c1\",\n    \"pressure_condition\": \"Pvc &lt; Pv &lt; P2\",\n    \"damage_mechanism\": \"\uae30\ud3ec \ubd95\uad34 \uc2dc \ubc29\ucd9c\ub418\ub294 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uac00 \ubc38\ube0c\uc758 \uace0\uccb4 \ud45c\uba74\uc5d0\uc11c \uc7ac\ub8cc\ub97c \uad6d\ubd80\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc81c\uac70\ud55c\ub2e4.\",\n    \"damage_appearance\": \"rough and cinder-like surface\",\n    \"noise_signature\": \"gravel flowing through the valve\uc640 \uc720\uc0ac\ud55c \uc18c\uc74c\",\n    \"damage_locations\": &#91;\n      \"valve trim\",\n      \"valve body\",\n      \"adjacent downstream piping where pressure recovery and bubble collapse occur\"\n    ],\n    \"recovery_relation\": {\n      \"high_recovery_valve\": \"Vena Contracta \uc555\ub825\uc774 \ub354 \ub0ae\uc544\uc9c8 \uc218 \uc788\uc5b4 Cavitation\uc5d0 \ub354 \ucde8\uc57d\ud558\ub2e4.\",\n      \"low_recovery_valve\": \"\ub0b4\ubd80 \ub09c\ub958\uc640 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 \uc18c\uc0b0\uc774 \ucee4 \uc555\ub825\ud68c\ubcf5\ub7c9\uc774 \uc0c1\ub300\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc791\ub2e4.\"\n    },\n    \"treatment_methods\": &#91;\n      {\n        \"method\": \"eliminate cavitation\",\n        \"principle\": \"\uc804\uccb4 \uc555\ub825\uac15\ud558\ub97c \ub2e4\ub2e8 \ud2b8\ub9bc\uc73c\ub85c \uc5ec\ub7ec \ub2e8\uacc4\uc5d0 \ubd84\ud560\ud55c\ub2e4.\",\n        \"design_condition\": \"Pvc_i > Pv for every stage\",\n        \"result\": \"\uc99d\uae30 \uae30\ud3ec\uac00 \uc0dd\uc131\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c Cavitation\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4.\"\n      },\n      {\n        \"method\": \"minimize or isolate damage\",\n        \"principle\": \"Cavitation\uc744 \ubc38\ube0c \ud45c\uba74\uc5d0\uc11c \uaca9\ub9ac\ud558\uace0 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubc1b\ub294 \ud45c\uba74\uc744 \uacbd\ud654\ud55c\ub2e4.\",\n        \"result\": \"Cavitation \uc790\uccb4\ub97c \ubc18\ub4dc\uc2dc \uc81c\uac70\ud558\uc9c0\ub294 \uc54a\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc190\uc0c1\uc744 \uc904\uc778\ub2e4.\"\n      },\n      {\n        \"method\": \"change system conditions\",\n        \"principle\": \"P2\ub97c \ub192\uc5ec Vena Contracta \uc555\ub825\uc774 Pv \uc774\ud558\ub85c \ub0b4\ub824\uac00\uc9c0 \uc54a\uac8c \ud55c\ub2e4.\",\n        \"examples\": &#91;\n          \"\ubc38\ube0c\ub97c \ub354 \ud070 \ud558\ub958 \uc815\uc555\uc218\ub450\uac00 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\ub294 \uc704\uce58\ub85c \uc774\ub3d9\",\n          \"orifice plate \uc801\uc6a9\",\n          \"backpressure device \uc801\uc6a9\"\n        ],\n        \"caution\": \"Cavitation\uc774 \ubc38\ube0c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc624\ub9ac\ud53c\uc2a4 \ub610\ub294 \ud558\ub958 \uc81c\ud55c\uc7a5\uce58\ub85c \uc774\ub3d9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.\"\n      }\n    ]\n  },\n  \"flashing\": {\n    \"definition\": \"Vena Contracta\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c \uc99d\uae30 \uae30\ud3ec\uac00 \ubc38\ube0c \ucd9c\uad6c \uc774\ud6c4\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd95\uad34\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uc720\uc9c0\ub418\ub294 \ud604\uc0c1\",\n    \"pressure_condition\": \"Pvc &lt; Pv and P2 &lt; Pv\",\n    \"downstream_state\": \"liquid-vapor two-phase flow\",\n    \"damage_mechanism\": \"\uace0\uc18d \uc561\uc801\uacfc 2\uc0c1 \uc720\ub3d9\uc774 \ubc38\ube0c \ud45c\uba74\uc5d0 \ucda9\ub3cc\ud558\uc5ec \uce68\uc2dd\uc744 \ubc1c\uc0dd\uc2dc\ud0a8\ub2e4.\",\n    \"damage_appearance\": \"smooth and polished erosion\",\n    \"primary_damage_location\": \"highest velocity region, commonly at or near the plug and seat-ring seat line\",\n    \"preventability\": {\n      \"can_control_valve_prevent_flashing\": false,\n      \"reason\": &#91;\n        \"P2\ub294 \ud558\ub958 \uacf5\uc815\uacfc \ubc30\uad00\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uacb0\uc815\ub41c\ub2e4.\",\n        \"Pv\ub294 \uc720\uccb4\uc640 \uc6b4\uc804\uc628\ub3c4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uacb0\uc815\ub41c\ub2e4.\",\n        \"\ub450 \ubcc0\uc218\ub294 \uc81c\uc5b4\ubc38\ube0c\uac00 \uc9c1\uc811 \uc81c\uc5b4\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4.\"\n      ]\n    },\n    \"selection_principles\": &#91;\n      {\n        \"principle\": \"reduce particle impact\",\n        \"description\": \"\uc561\uc801\uc774 \ubc38\ube0c \ud45c\uba74\uc5d0 \ucda9\ub3cc\ud558\ub294 \ud69f\uc218\ub97c \uc904\uc778\ub2e4.\"\n      },\n      {\n        \"principle\": \"use hard materials\",\n        \"description\": \"\uc561\uc801 \ucda9\ub3cc\uc774 \ubd88\uac00\ud53c\ud55c \ud45c\uba74\uc5d0 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \ud55c \ub2e8\ub2e8\ud55c \uc7ac\ub8cc\ub97c \uc801\uc6a9\ud55c\ub2e4.\"\n      },\n      {\n        \"principle\": \"reduce erosive velocity\",\n        \"description\": \"\uc2a4\ub85c\ud2c0\ub9c1 \uc9c0\uc810 \ud558\ub958\uc758 \uc720\ub85c \uba74\uc801\uc744 \ud655\ub300\ud558\uc5ec 2\uc0c1 \uc720\ub3d9 \uc18d\ub3c4\ub97c \ub0ae\ucd98\ub2e4.\"\n      },\n      {\n        \"principle\": \"reduce flow-direction changes\",\n        \"description\": \"\uc720\ub3d9 \ubc29\ud5a5 \ubcc0\ud654\uac00 \uc801\uc740 \ubc38\ube0c \ud615\uc0c1\uc744 \uc120\uc815\ud55c\ub2e4.\"\n      }\n    ],\n    \"recommended_valve_geometries\": &#91;\n      \"sliding-stem angle valve\",\n      \"eccentric rotary plug valve\",\n      \"segmented ball valve\",\n      \"valve with expanded downstream flow area\"\n    ],\n    \"corrosion_erosion_synergy\": {\n      \"description\": \"\ubd80\uc2dd\uacfc Flashing \uce68\uc2dd\uc774 \ud568\uaed8 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\uba74 \uac01\uac01\uc758 \ub2e8\ub3c5 \uc190\uc0c1\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub354 \uc2ec\ud55c \uc190\uc0c1\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.\",\n      \"handbook_example\": \"\ubb3c\uacfc \ud0c4\uc18c\uac15 \ubc38\ube0c\uc5d0\uc11c \ubd80\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ud615\uc131\ub41c \uc5f0\ud55c \uc0b0\ud654\uce35\uc744 Flashing \uc720\ub3d9\uc774 \ubc18\ubcf5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc81c\uac70\ud55c\ub2e4.\",\n      \"response\": \"\ubd80\uc2dd \uc5b5\uc81c\ub97c \uace0\ub824\ud55c \ubc38\ube0c \ubc14\ub514 \ubc0f \ud2b8\ub9bc \uc7ac\uc9c8\uc744 \uc120\uc815\ud55c\ub2e4.\"\n    }\n  },\n  \"comparison\": &#91;\n    {\n      \"attribute\": \"bubble generation\",\n      \"cavitation\": \"Pvc &lt; Pv\",\n      \"flashing\": \"Pvc &lt; Pv\"\n    },\n    {\n      \"attribute\": \"outlet pressure\",\n      \"cavitation\": \"P2 > Pv\",\n      \"flashing\": \"P2 &lt; Pv\"\n    },\n    {\n      \"attribute\": \"bubble behavior\",\n      \"cavitation\": \"collapse after pressure recovery\",\n      \"flashing\": \"remain in downstream flow\"\n    },\n    {\n      \"attribute\": \"damage mechanism\",\n      \"cavitation\": \"bubble-collapse energy\",\n      \"flashing\": \"high-velocity two-phase erosion\"\n    },\n    {\n      \"attribute\": \"damage appearance\",\n      \"cavitation\": \"rough and cinder-like\",\n      \"flashing\": \"smooth and polished\"\n    },\n    {\n      \"attribute\": \"fundamental prevention by valve\",\n      \"cavitation\": \"possible by pressure-drop management\",\n      \"flashing\": \"not possible by the valve alone\"\n    }\n  ],\n  \"selection_workflow\": &#91;\n    \"P1, P2, operating temperature \ubc0f Pv\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud55c\ub2e4.\",\n    \"deltaP_actual = P1 - P2\ub97c \uacc4\uc0b0\ud55c\ub2e4.\",\n    \"IEC \uc561\uccb4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc9d5\uc73c\ub85c deltaP_choked\ub97c \uacc4\uc0b0\ud55c\ub2e4.\",\n    \"deltaP_actual > deltaP_choked\uc774\uba74 \ucd08\ud06c \uc720\ub3d9\uacfc \uc0c1\ubcc0\ud654 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc744 \uac80\ud1a0\ud55c\ub2e4.\",\n    \"Pvc &lt; Pv\uc778\uc9c0 \ud655\uc778\ud558\uc5ec \uae30\ud3ec \uc0dd\uc131 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \ud310\ub2e8\ud55c\ub2e4.\",\n    \"P2 > Pv\uc774\uba74 Cavitation\uc73c\ub85c \ubd84\ub958\ud55c\ub2e4.\",\n    \"P2 &lt; Pv\uc774\uba74 Flashing\uc73c\ub85c \ubd84\ub958\ud55c\ub2e4.\",\n    \"Cavitation\uc774\uba74 \ub2e4\ub2e8 \uac10\uc555, \uc190\uc0c1 \uaca9\ub9ac \ub610\ub294 P2 \uc0c1\uc2b9\uc744 \uac80\ud1a0\ud55c\ub2e4.\",\n    \"Flashing\uc774\uba74 \uc9c1\uc120\ud615 \uc720\ub85c, \ud655\ub300\ub41c \ud558\ub958 \uc720\ub85c, \uc18d\ub3c4 \uc800\uac10 \ubc0f \uacbd\uc9c8\uc7ac\ub8cc\ub97c \uc801\uc6a9\ud55c\ub2e4.\",\n    \"\ubc38\ube0c \ud2b8\ub9bc, \ubc14\ub514 \ubc0f \uc778\uc811 \ud558\ub958 \ubc30\uad00\uc758 \uc190\uc0c1 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc744 \uac80\ud1a0\ud55c\ub2e4.\",\n    \"\ubd80\uc2dd\uacfc \uce68\uc2dd\uc758 \ubcf5\ud569\uc791\uc6a9\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc5ec \uc7ac\uc9c8\uc744 \uc120\uc815\ud55c\ub2e4.\"\n  ],\n  \"common_misconceptions\": &#91;\n    {\n      \"incorrect\": \"Cavitation\uacfc Flashing\uc740 \uae30\ud3ec\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\ub294 \uc21c\uac04\ubd80\ud130 \uc11c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub978 \ud604\uc0c1\uc774\ub2e4.\",\n      \"correct\": \"\ub450 \ud604\uc0c1 \ubaa8\ub450 Pvc &lt; Pv\uc5d0\uc11c \uae30\ud3ec\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\uba70, \ud558\ub958 \uc555\ub825\ud68c\ubcf5 \ud6c4 \uae30\ud3ec \uac70\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\ubd84\ud55c\ub2e4.\"\n    },\n    {\n      \"incorrect\": \"P2\uac00 Pv\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub0ae\uc73c\uba74 Cavitation\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c\ub2e4.\",\n      \"correct\": \"P2 &lt; Pv\uc774\uba74 \uae30\ud3ec\uac00 \ubd95\uad34\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c Flashing\uc774\ub2e4.\"\n    },\n    {\n      \"incorrect\": \"Anti-cavitation trim\uc73c\ub85c Flashing\uc744 \uc81c\uac70\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.\",\n      \"correct\": \"Flashing\uc740 P2\uc640 Pv\uac00 \uacb0\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uacf5\uc815\ud604\uc0c1\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c \ubc38\ube0c \uc790\uccb4\ub85c \uc81c\uac70\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4.\"\n    },\n    {\n      \"incorrect\": \"High-recovery valve\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc561\uccb4 \uace0\uc555\uac15\ud558 \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4\uc5d0 \uc720\ub9ac\ud558\ub2e4.\",\n      \"correct\": \"High-recovery valve\ub294 Vena Contracta \uc555\ub825\uc774 \ub354 \ub0ae\uc544\uc838 Cavitation\uc5d0 \ucde8\uc57d\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.\"\n    },\n    {\n      \"incorrect\": \"Backpressure device\ub294 Cavitation\uc744 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c \uc804\uccb4\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc18\ub4dc\uc2dc \uc81c\uac70\ud55c\ub2e4.\",\n      \"correct\": \"Cavitation \uc704\uce58\uac00 \ud558\ub958 \uc81c\ud55c\uc7a5\uce58\ub85c \uc774\ub3d9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \uc804\uccb4 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc744 \uac80\ud1a0\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.\"\n    }\n  ],\n  \"exam_core_answer\": {\n    \"definition\": \"\uc81c\uc5b4\ubc38\ube0c \uc81c\ud55c\ubd80\ub97c \ud1b5\uacfc\ud55c \uc561\uccb4\ub294 Vena Contracta\uc5d0\uc11c \uc720\uc18d\uc774 \ucd5c\ub300\uac00 \ub418\uace0 \uc555\ub825\uc774 \ucd5c\uc18c\uac00 \ub41c\ub2e4. Pvc\uac00 Pv\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub0ae\uc544\uc9c0\uba74 \uc99d\uae30 \uae30\ud3ec\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c\ub2e4.\",\n    \"cavitation_statement\": \"Pvc &lt; Pv &lt; P2\uc774\uba74 \ud558\ub958 \uc555\ub825\ud68c\ubcf5 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uae30\ud3ec\uac00 \ubd95\uad34\ud558\uc5ec Cavitation\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c\ub2e4.\",\n    \"flashing_statement\": \"Pvc &lt; Pv\uc774\uace0 P2 &lt; Pv\uc774\uba74 \uae30\ud3ec\uac00 \ud558\ub958\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc720\uc9c0\ub418\uc5b4 Flashing\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c\ub2e4.\",\n    \"cavitation_countermeasure\": \"\uc804\uccb4 \uc555\ub825\uac15\ud558\ub97c \ub2e4\ub2e8 \ud2b8\ub9bc\uc73c\ub85c \ubd84\ud560\ud558\uc5ec \uac01 \ub2e8\uacc4\uc758 \ucd5c\uc800\uc555\ub825\uc744 Pv \uc774\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \uc720\uc9c0\ud55c\ub2e4.\",\n    \"flashing_countermeasure\": \"\uc9c1\uc120 \uc720\ub85c, \ud655\ub300\ub41c \ud558\ub958 \uc720\ub85c, \uc18d\ub3c4 \uc800\uac10 \ubc0f \uacbd\uc9c8\uc7ac\ub8cc\ub85c \uce68\uc2dd \uc190\uc0c1\uc744 \ucd5c\uc18c\ud654\ud55c\ub2e4.\"\n  },\n  \"keytags\": &#91;\n    \"Cavitation\",\n    \"Flashing\",\n    \"Vena Contracta\",\n    \"Choked Flow\",\n    \"Multi-stage Trim\"\n  ]\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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