\ubcf8\ubb38\uc758 \ubd80\ubd84\uc9d1\ud569, \uad50\uc9d1\ud569 \ubc0f \ub3c5\ub9bd \uae30\ud638\ub294 \ud45c\uc900\uc5d0 \uc9c1\uc811 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub41c \uc218\ud559\uc801\n\uc815\uc758\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

Chapter 12\uc758 \uc6a9\uc5b4 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uc27d\uac8c \uc774\ud574\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \uac1c\ub150\uc801\n\ud45c\ud604<\/strong>\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\uad00\uacc4 \uae30\ud638\uc758 \uc758\ubbf8<\/h1>\n\n\n\n\n\n $A\\subset B<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/td>\n$ \n $A\\cap B<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/td>\n$ \n $A\\cap B\\approx\\varnothing<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/td>\n$ \n $A\\rightarrow B<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/td>\n$ \n $A=\\operatorname{attribute}(B)<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/td>\n$ \n $A\\neq B<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/td>\n$ \n $D_A\\subset D_B<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/td>\n$
\uae30\ud638<\/th>\n \uc758\ubbf8<\/th>\n SIS \uc608\uc2dc<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
A\uac00 B\uc758 \uad6c\uc131\uc694\uc18c \ub610\ub294 \ud558\uc704\uac1c\ub150<\/td>\n $\\mathrm{SIF}_i\\subset\\mathrm{SIS}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n$
\ub450 \uac1c\ub150\uc774 \uc77c\ubd80 \ubaa9\uc801\uc774\ub098 \uc601\uc5ed\uc744 \uacf5\uc720<\/td>\n HIPPS\uc640 Relief System\uc740 \uacfc\uc555\ubc29\uc9c0 \ubaa9\uc801\uc744\n\uacf5\uc720<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\uae30\ub2a5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubd84\ub9ac\u00b7\ub3c5\ub9bd\ub418\ub3c4\ub85d \uc124\uacc4<\/td>\n $\\mathrm{BPCS}\\cap\\mathrm{SIS}\\approx\\varnothing<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n$
\uc815\ubcf4 \ub610\ub294 \ub3d9\uc791\uc758 \uc804\ub2ec\ubc29\ud5a5<\/td>\n Sensor\n $\\rightarrow<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\nLogic Solver\n\u2192<\/mo>\\rightarrow<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\nFinal Element<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n$
A\uac00 B\uc758 \uad6c\uc131\ud488\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c B\uc758 \uc18d\uc131<\/td>\n $\\mathrm{SIL}_i=\\operatorname{target}(\\mathrm{SIF}_i)<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n$
\ub450 \uc6a9\uc5b4\uac00 \uc11c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub978 \uac1c\ub150<\/td>\n $\\mathrm{SIS}\\neq\\mathrm{SIF}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>,\nS<\/mi>I<\/mi>F<\/mi><\/mrow>\u2260<\/mo>S<\/mi>I<\/mi>L<\/mi><\/mrow><\/mrow>\\mathrm{SIF}\\neq\\mathrm{SIL}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n$
A\uac00 \uac80\ucd9c\ud558\ub294 \uace0\uc7a5\uc9d1\ud569\uc774 B\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc791\uc74c<\/td>\n $D_{\\mathrm{PST}}\\subset D_{\\mathrm{Proof}}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\uc8fc\uc694 \uc57d\uc5b4\uc640 \uc6a9\uc5b4<\/h1>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\uc57d\uc5b4<\/th>\n\uc601\ubb38<\/th>\n\uad6d\ubb38<\/th>\n\ud575\uc2ec \uad00\uacc4<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n\uc57d\uc5b4<\/td>\n\uc601\ubb38<\/td>\n\uad6d\ubb38<\/td>\n\ud575\uc2ec \uad00\uacc4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\nBPCS<\/td>\nBasic Process Control System<\/td>\n\uae30\ubcf8\uacf5\uc815\uc81c\uc5b4\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c<\/td>\nSIS\uc640 \ub3d9\uc77c \uacf5\uc815\uc744 \ub2e4\ub8e8\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc548\uc804\uae30\ub2a5 \uacbd\ub85c\ub294\n\ubd84\ub9ac<\/td>\n<\/tr>\nSIS<\/td>\nSafety Instrumented System<\/td>\n\uc548\uc804\uacc4\uce21\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c<\/td>\n\uc5ec\ub7ec SIF\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\ub294 \uc0c1\uc704 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\nSIF<\/td>\nSafety Instrumented Function<\/td>\n\uc548\uc804\uacc4\uce21\uae30\ub2a5<\/td>\n\ud2b9\uc815 \uc704\ud5d8\uc5d0 \ub300\uc751\ud558\ub294 \uac1c\ubcc4 \uc548\uc804\uae30\ub2a5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\nSIL<\/td>\nSafety Integrity Level<\/td>\n\uc548\uc804\ubb34\uacb0\uc131\uc218\uc900<\/td>\nSIF\uc5d0 \ubd80\uc5ec\ub418\ub294 \uc131\ub2a5\ubaa9\ud45c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\nLS<\/td>\nLogic Solver<\/td>\n\ub85c\uc9c1 \uc194\ubc84<\/td>\nSensor \uc2e0\ud638\ub97c \ud310\uc815\ud558\uc5ec Final Element\uc5d0\n\ucd9c\ub825<\/td>\n<\/tr>\nFE<\/td>\nFinal Element \ub610\ub294 Final Control\nElement<\/td>\n\ucd5c\uc885\uc694\uc18c \ub610\ub294 \ucd5c\uc885\uc81c\uc5b4\uc694\uc18c<\/td>\n\uc548\uc804\ub3d9\uc791\uc744 \uc2e4\uc81c \uacf5\uc815\uc5d0 \uad6c\ud604<\/td>\n<\/tr>\nIPL<\/td>\nIndependent Protection Layer<\/td>\n\ub3c5\ub9bd\ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35<\/td>\n\ub3c5\ub9bd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \uac10\uc18c\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35<\/td>\n<\/tr>\nHAZOP<\/td>\nHazard and Operability Study<\/td>\n\uc704\ud5d8 \ubc0f \uc6b4\uc804\uc131 \uac80\ud1a0<\/td>\n\uacf5\uc815\uc704\ud5d8\ubd84\uc11d\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ub300\ud45c\uc801 \uc704\ud5d8\uc2dd\ubcc4\n\uae30\ubc95<\/td>\n<\/tr>\nPHA<\/td>\nProcess Hazard Analysis<\/td>\n\uacf5\uc815\uc704\ud5d8\ubd84\uc11d<\/td>\n\uc704\ud5d8 \uc2dd\ubcc4\uacfc \uc704\ud5d8\uac10\uc18c \uc694\uad6c \uacb0\uc815\uc758 \uc0c1\uc704\n\ud65c\ub3d9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\nPFD<\/td>\nProbability of Failure on Demand<\/td>\n\uc694\uad6c \uc2dc \uace0\uc7a5\ud655\ub960<\/td>\n\uc548\uc804\uae30\ub2a5\uc774 \uc694\uad6c\ub420 \ub54c \uc2e4\ud328\ud560 \ud655\ub960<\/td>\n<\/tr>\nPFDavg<\/td>\nAverage Probability of Failure on\nDemand<\/td>\n\ud3c9\uade0 \uc694\uad6c \uc2dc \uace0\uc7a5\ud655\ub960<\/td>\n\uc2dc\ud5d8\uc8fc\uae30 \ub3d9\uc548 \ubcc0\ud654\ud558\ub294 PFD\uc758 \ud3c9\uade0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\nRRF<\/td>\nRisk Reduction Factor<\/td>\n\uc704\ud5d8\uac10\uc18c\uacc4\uc218<\/td>\n1<\/mn>\/<\/mi>P<\/mi>F<\/mi>D<\/mi><\/mrow>a<\/mi>v<\/mi>g<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow>1\/\\mathrm{PFD}_{\\mathrm{avg}}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/td>\n<\/tr>\nHFT<\/td>\nHardware Fault Tolerance<\/td>\n\ud558\ub4dc\uc6e8\uc5b4 \uace0\uc7a5\ud5c8\uc6a9\ub3c4<\/td>\n\uba87 \uac1c\uc758 \ud558\ub4dc\uc6e8\uc5b4 \uace0\uc7a5\uc744 \uacac\ub51c \uc218 \uc788\ub294\uc9c0\n\ud45c\ud604<\/td>\n<\/tr>\nTI<\/td>\nTest Interval<\/td>\n\uc2dc\ud5d8\uac04\uaca9<\/td>\n\uc99d\uac00\ud560\uc218\ub85d \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\nP<\/mi>F<\/mi>D<\/mi><\/mrow>a<\/mi>v<\/mi>g<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub>\\mathrm{PFD}_{\\mathrm{avg}}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\n\uc99d\uac00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\nPST<\/td>\nPartial Stroke Testing<\/td>\n\ubd80\ubd84 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub85c\ud06c \uc2dc\ud5d8<\/td>\n\ucd5c\uc885\uc694\uc18c\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub85c\ud06c\ub97c \uc2dc\ud5d8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\nESD<\/td>\nEmergency Shutdown<\/td>\n\ube44\uc0c1\uc815\uc9c0 \ub610\ub294 \ube44\uc0c1\ucc28\ub2e8<\/td>\n\ucd5c\uc885\uc694\uc18c\uac00 \uacf5\uc815\uc744 \uaca9\ub9ac\ud558\ub294 \uc548\uc804\ub3d9\uc791<\/td>\n<\/tr>\nBDV<\/td>\nBlowdown Valve<\/td>\n\ube44\uc0c1\uac10\uc555\ubc38\ube0c<\/td>\n\uc548\uc804\uc694\uad6c \uc2dc \uc5f4\ub824 \uc124\ube44\ub97c \uac10\uc555<\/td>\n<\/tr>\nHIPPS<\/td>\nHigh-Integrity Pressure Protection\nSystem<\/td>\n\uace0\uc2e0\ub8b0\uc131 \uc555\ub825\ubcf4\ud638\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c<\/td>\n\uace0\uc555\uc6d0\uc744 \ucc28\ub2e8\ud558\ub294 SIS \uc801\uc6a9\uc0ac\ub840<\/td>\n<\/tr>\nOREDA<\/td>\nOffshore and Onshore Reliability Data<\/td>\n\ud574\uc0c1\u00b7\uc721\uc0c1 \uc124\ube44 \uc2e0\ub8b0\uc131 \ub370\uc774\ud130<\/td>\n\uace0\uc7a5\ub960\uacfc PFD \uacc4\uc0b0\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ub370\uc774\ud130\n\ucd9c\ucc98<\/td>\n<\/tr>\nMooN<\/td>\nM out of N<\/td>\nN\uac1c \uc911 M\uac1c \ub3d9\uc791\ub17c\ub9ac<\/td>\nVoting Architecture\uc758 \uc77c\ubc18\ud45c\ud604<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n1oo1<\/td>\nOne out of One<\/td>\n1\uac1c \uc911 1\uac1c \ub3d9\uc791<\/td>\n\ub2e8\uc77c\ucc44\ub110 \uad6c\uc870<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n1oo2<\/td>\nOne out of Two<\/td>\n2\uac1c \uc911 1\uac1c \uc131\uacf5<\/td>\nHIPPS \uc9c1\ub82c \ucc28\ub2e8\ubc38\ube0c\uc758 \uae30\ub2a5\uc131\uacf5 \uad6c\uc870<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n2oo3<\/td>\nTwo out of Three<\/td>\n3\uac1c \uc911 2\uac1c Voting<\/td>\nHIPPS \uc555\ub825\uc13c\uc11c\uc758 \ub300\ud45c \uad6c\uc870<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n12.1 \ud50c\ub79c\ud2b8 \uc548\uc804\uacfc \ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35<\/h1>\n\ud50c\ub79c\ud2b8 \uc548\uc804\uc740 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc7a5\uce58\ub85c \ud655\ubcf4\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\uc0ac\uace0 \ubc1c\uc0dd\uc744 \ubc29\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \uc608\ubc29\uacc4\uce35\uacfc \uc0ac\uace0 \ubc1c\uc0dd \ud6c4 \ud53c\ud574\ub97c \uc904\uc774\ub294 \uc644\ud654\uacc4\uce35\uc744\n\ud568\uaed8 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\nPlant Safety<\/mtext>=<\/mo>Prevention Layers<\/mtext>\u222a<\/mo>Mitigation Layers<\/mtext><\/mrow><\/menclose>\\boxed{\n\\text{Plant Safety}\n=\n\\text{Prevention Layers}\n\\cup\n\\text{Mitigation Layers}\n}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n<\/div>\n\nB<\/mi>P<\/mi>C<\/mi>S<\/mi><\/mrow>,<\/mo><\/mspace>Operator Intervention<\/mtext>,<\/mo><\/mspace>S<\/mi>I<\/mi>S<\/mi><\/mrow>\u2282<\/mo>Prevention Layers<\/mtext><\/mrow>\\mathrm{BPCS},\\ \\text{Operator Intervention},\\ \\mathrm{SIS}\n\\subset\n\\text{Prevention Layers}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\nRelief<\/mtext>,<\/mo><\/mspace>Containment<\/mtext>,<\/mo><\/mspace>Emergency Response<\/mtext>\u2282<\/mo>Mitigation Layers<\/mtext><\/mrow>\\text{Relief},\\ \\text{Containment},\\ \\text{Emergency Response}\n\\subset\n\\text{Mitigation Layers}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\ub530\ub77c\uc11c SIS\ub294 \ud50c\ub79c\ud2b8 \uc548\uc804 \uc804\uccb4\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc5ec\ub7ec \ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n12.2 BPCS\uc640 SIS<\/h1>\nBPCS\uc758 \uc5ed\ud560<\/h2>\nBPCS\ub294 \uc815\uc0c1\uc6b4\uc804\uc5d0\uc11c \uc555\ub825, \uc628\ub3c4, \uc720\ub7c9 \ubc0f \ub808\ubca8\uc744 \ubaa9\ud45c\uac12\uc5d0 \uc720\uc9c0\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\nBPCS \ubaa9\uc801<\/mtext>=<\/mo>\uc0dd\uc0b0 \uc548\uc815\uc131<\/mtext>+<\/mo>\ud488\uc9c8<\/mtext>+<\/mo>\uc0dd\uc0b0\ub7c9<\/mtext><\/mrow><\/menclose>\\boxed{\n\\text{BPCS \ubaa9\uc801}\n=\n\\text{\uc0dd\uc0b0 \uc548\uc815\uc131}\n+\n\\text{\ud488\uc9c8}\n+\n\\text{\uc0dd\uc0b0\ub7c9}\n}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\uc815\uc0c1 \uc555\ub825\uc81c\uc5b4\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \uad6c\uc131\ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\nPressure Transmitter<\/mtext>\u2192<\/mo>Controller<\/mtext>\u2192<\/mo>Control Valve<\/mtext><\/mrow>\\text{Pressure Transmitter}\n\\rightarrow\n\\text{Controller}\n\\rightarrow\n\\text{Control Valve}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\nSIS\uc758 \uc5ed\ud560<\/h2>\nSIS\ub294 \uc704\uae09\uc0c1\ud669\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\uba74 \uacf5\uc815\uc744 \uc0ac\uc804\uc5d0 \uc815\uc758\ud55c \uc548\uc804\uc0c1\ud0dc\ub85c \uc804\ud658\ud558\ub294\n\uc804\uc6a9 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\nSIS \ubaa9\uc801<\/mtext>=<\/mo>\uc704\ud5d8\uc0c1\ud0dc \uac80\ucd9c<\/mtext>+<\/mo>\uc548\uc804\ub3d9\uc791 \uc2e4\ud589<\/mtext><\/mrow><\/menclose>\\boxed{\n\\text{SIS \ubaa9\uc801}\n=\n\\text{\uc704\ud5d8\uc0c1\ud0dc \uac80\ucd9c}\n+\n\\text{\uc548\uc804\ub3d9\uc791 \uc2e4\ud589}\n}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\nBPCS\uc640 SIS\uc758 \ub3c5\ub9bd<\/h2>\n\nB<\/mi>P<\/mi>C<\/mi>S<\/mi><\/mrow>\u2229<\/mo>S<\/mi>I<\/mi>S<\/mi><\/mrow>\u2248<\/mo>\u2300<\/mi><\/mrow><\/menclose>\\boxed{\n\\mathrm{BPCS}\\cap\\mathrm{SIS}\\approx\\varnothing\n}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\uc774\ub294 \ub450 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc774 \ud604\uc2e4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc544\ubb34 \uc811\uc810\ub3c4 \uc5c6\ub2e4\ub294 \ub73b\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\ub3d9\uc77c \uacf5\uc815\uc744 \ub300\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ub2e4\uc74c \ud56d\ubaa9\uc744 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \ud55c \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\n\uad6c\uc131\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc758\ubbf8\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\uacf5\uc815 \uc13c\uc11c\uc640 Process Tap<\/p><\/li>\n\ub85c\uc9c1\uacfc \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8<\/p><\/li>\n\uc785\ucd9c\ub825 \ucc44\ub110<\/p><\/li>\n\ucd5c\uc885\uc694\uc18c<\/p><\/li>\n\uc804\uc6d0\uacfc \ud1b5\uc2e0<\/p><\/li>\n\uc2dc\ud5d8 \ubc0f \uc815\ube44\uc808\ucc28<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\nProcess Domain<\/mtext>B<\/mi>P<\/mi>C<\/mi>S<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub>\u2229<\/mo>Process Domain<\/mtext>S<\/mi>I<\/mi>S<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub>\u2260<\/mo>\u2300<\/mi><\/mrow>\\text{Process Domain}_{\\mathrm{BPCS}}\n\\cap\n\\text{Process Domain}_{\\mathrm{SIS}}\n\\neq\n\\varnothing<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\uc989, \uac19\uc740 \uacf5\uc815\uc744 \ub2e4\ub8e8\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc548\uc804\uae30\ub2a5 \uc218\ud589\uacbd\ub85c\ub294 \ubd84\ub9ac\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\nSIS, SIF \ubc0f SIL\uc758 \uad00\uacc4<\/h1>\nSIS\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec SIF\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c\ub2e4<\/h2>\n\ud558\ub098\uc758 SIS\uc5d0\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc704\ud5d8\uc5d0 \ub300\uc751\ud558\ub294 \ubcf5\uc218\uc758 \uc548\uc804\uacc4\uce21\uae30\ub2a5\uc774 \ud3ec\ud568\ub420 \uc218\n\uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\nS<\/mi>I<\/mi>S<\/mi><\/mrow>=<\/mo>{<\/mo>S<\/mi>I<\/mi>F<\/mi><\/mrow>1<\/mn><\/msub>,<\/mo>S<\/mi>I<\/mi>F<\/mi><\/mrow>2<\/mn><\/msub>,<\/mo>\u2026<\/mi>,<\/mo>S<\/mi>I<\/mi>F<\/mi><\/mrow>n<\/mi><\/msub>}<\/mo><\/mrow><\/menclose>\\boxed{\n\\mathrm{SIS}\n=\n\\{\n\\mathrm{SIF}_1,\\mathrm{SIF}_2,\\ldots,\\mathrm{SIF}_n\n\\}\n}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\ub530\ub77c\uc11c:<\/p>\nS<\/mi>I<\/mi>F<\/mi><\/mrow>i<\/mi><\/msub>\u2282<\/mo>S<\/mi>I<\/mi>S<\/mi><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/menclose>\\boxed{\n\\mathrm{SIF}_i\\subset\\mathrm{SIS}\n}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\n\ubc18\uc751\uae30 SIS \uc608<\/span><\/p>\n\nSIF-1: \ubc18\uc751\uae30 \uace0\uc555 \uc2dc \uc6d0\ub8cc\uacf5\uae09\ubc38\ube0c \ud3d0\uc1c4<\/p><\/li>\nSIF-2: \ubc18\uc751\uae30 \uace0\uc628 \uc2dc \uc5f4\uc6d0 \ucc28\ub2e8<\/p><\/li>\nSIF-3: \ub0c9\uac01\uc720\ub7c9 \uc800\ud558 \uc2dc \ube44\uc0c1\ub0c9\uac01\ubc38\ube0c \uac1c\ubc29<\/p><\/li>\nSIF-4: \ube44\uc0c1\uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c Blowdown Valve \uac1c\ubc29<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\nSIL\uc740 SIF\uc5d0 \ubd80\uc5ec\ub418\ub294\n\uc131\ub2a5\ubaa9\ud45c\uc774\ub2e4<\/h2>\nSIL\uc740 SIF \ub0b4\ubd80\uc758 \uc7a5\uce58\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\nS<\/mi>I<\/mi>L<\/mi><\/mrow>i<\/mi><\/msub>=<\/mo>target<\/mi>⁡<\/mo><\/mrow>(<\/mo>S<\/mi>I<\/mi>F<\/mi><\/mrow>i<\/mi><\/msub>)<\/mo><\/mrow><\/menclose>\\boxed{\n\\mathrm{SIL}_i\n=\n\\operatorname{target}(\\mathrm{SIF}_i)\n}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\ub530\ub77c\uc11c:<\/p>\nS<\/mi>I<\/mi>L<\/mi><\/mrow>\u2284<\/mo>S<\/mi>I<\/mi>F<\/mi><\/mrow><\/mrow>\\mathrm{SIL}\\not\\subset\\mathrm{SIF}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\nS<\/mi>I<\/mi>L<\/mi><\/mrow>\u2260<\/mo>S<\/mi>I<\/mi>F<\/mi><\/mrow><\/mrow>\\mathrm{SIL}\\neq\\mathrm{SIF}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\u201c\uc774 \ubc38\ube0c \uc790\uccb4\uac00 SIL 3\uc774\ub2e4\u201d\ub77c\ub294 \ud45c\ud604\uc740 \ubd88\uc644\uc804\ud558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\uc815\ud655\ud55c \ud45c\ud604\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\ud2b9\uc815 SIF\uc5d0 SIL 3 \uc131\ub2a5\ubaa9\ud45c\uac00 \ud560\ub2f9\ub418\uc5c8\uace0, \uc774 \ubc38\ube0c \uc5b4\uc148\ube14\ub9ac\ub294 \ud574\ub2f9 SIF\uc758\n\ucd5c\uc885\uc694\uc18c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\nSIF\uc758 \uc138 \uad6c\uc131\uc694\uc18c<\/h1>\n\ud558\ub098\uc758 SIF\ub294 \uc13c\uc11c, \ub85c\uc9c1 \uc194\ubc84 \ubc0f \ucd5c\uc885\uc694\uc18c\uac00 \uc9c1\ub82c\ub85c \uc5f0\uacb0\ub41c\n\uae30\ub2a5\uad6c\uc870\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\nS<\/mi>I<\/mi>F<\/mi><\/mrow>=<\/mo>Sensor Subsystem<\/mtext>\u2192<\/mo>L<\/mi>S<\/mi><\/mrow>\u2192<\/mo>Final Element Subsystem<\/mtext><\/mrow><\/menclose>\\boxed{\n\\mathrm{SIF}\n=\n\\text{Sensor Subsystem}\n\\rightarrow\n\\mathrm{LS}\n\\rightarrow\n\\text{Final Element Subsystem}\n}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n<\/div>\nSensor Subsystem<\/h2>\n\uc13c\uc11c\ub294 \uacf5\uc815\uc774 \uc704\ud5d8\uc0c1\ud0dc\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ub2ec\ud588\ub294\uc9c0\ub97c \uce21\uc815\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\nPressure Transmitter<\/p><\/li>\nTemperature Transmitter<\/p><\/li>\nLevel Switch<\/p><\/li>\nFlow Transmitter<\/p><\/li>\nGas Detector<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\nS<\/mi>e<\/mi>n<\/mi>s<\/mi>o<\/mi>r<\/mi><\/mrow>\u2282<\/mo>S<\/mi>I<\/mi>F<\/mi><\/mrow><\/mrow>\\mathrm{Sensor}\\subset\\mathrm{SIF}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc:<\/p>\nS<\/mi>e<\/mi>n<\/mi>s<\/mi>o<\/mi>r<\/mi><\/mrow>\u2260<\/mo>S<\/mi>I<\/mi>F<\/mi><\/mrow><\/mrow>\\mathrm{Sensor}\\neq\\mathrm{SIF}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\uc13c\uc11c\ub294 \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \uce21\uc815\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc Trip\uc744 \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uacf5\uc815\uc744 \uc9c1\uc811 \ucc28\ub2e8\ud558\uc9c0\n\uc54a\ub294\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<\/div>\nLS: Logic Solver<\/h2>\n\ub85c\uc9c1 \uc194\ubc84\ub294 \uc13c\uc11c \uc2e0\ud638\ub97c \ud310\uc815\ud558\uace0 \ucd5c\uc885\uc694\uc18c\uc5d0 \uc548\uc804\ub3d9\uc791 \uba85\ub839\uc744\n\ubcf4\ub0b8\ub2e4.<\/p>\nSensor Signal<\/mtext>\u2192<\/mo>Trip Logic<\/mtext>\u2192<\/mo>Final Element Output<\/mtext><\/mrow>\\text{Sensor Signal}\n\\rightarrow\n\\text{Trip Logic}\n\\rightarrow\n\\text{Final Element Output}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\uc8fc\uc694 \uae30\ub2a5\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\nTrip Setpoint \ud310\uc815<\/p><\/li>\nVoting Logic<\/p><\/li>\nInterlock<\/p><\/li>\nTime Delay<\/p><\/li>\n\ucd5c\uc885\uc694\uc18c \ucd9c\ub825<\/p><\/li>\n\uacbd\ubcf4\uc640 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uae30\ub85d<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\nFE: Final Element<\/h2>\n\ucd5c\uc885\uc694\uc18c\ub294 \ub85c\uc9c1 \uc194\ubc84\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8\uc744 \uc2e4\uc81c \uacf5\uc815\ub3d9\uc791\uc73c\ub85c \ubcc0\ud658\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\nFinal Element<\/mtext>=<\/mo>Valve<\/mtext>+<\/mo>Actuator<\/mtext>+<\/mo>Valve Instrumentation<\/mtext><\/mrow><\/menclose>\\boxed{\n\\text{Final Element}\n=\n\\text{Valve}\n+\n\\text{Actuator}\n+\n\\text{Valve Instrumentation}\n}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\ubc38\ube0c \uacc4\uc7a5\ud488\uc5d0\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uc774 \ud3ec\ud568\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\nSolenoid Valve<\/p><\/li>\nDigital Valve Controller<\/p><\/li>\nLimit Switch<\/p><\/li>\nPosition Transmitter<\/p><\/li>\nVolume Booster<\/p><\/li>\n\uacf5\uae30\ubc30\uad00\uacfc \uacf5\uae30\uacf5\uae09 \ubd80\uc18d\ud488<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\nV<\/mi>a<\/mi>l<\/mi>v<\/mi>e<\/mi><\/mrow>\u2282<\/mo>F<\/mi>i<\/mi>n<\/mi>a<\/mi>l<\/mi><\/mspace>E<\/mi>l<\/mi>e<\/mi>m<\/mi>e<\/mi>n<\/mi>t<\/mi><\/mrow>\u2282<\/mo>S<\/mi>I<\/mi>F<\/mi><\/mrow><\/mrow>\\mathrm{Valve}\n\\subset\n\\mathrm{Final\\ Element}\n\\subset\n\\mathrm{SIF}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\ub530\ub77c\uc11c:<\/p>\nV<\/mi>a<\/mi>l<\/mi>v<\/mi>e<\/mi><\/mrow>\u2260<\/mo>F<\/mi>i<\/mi>n<\/mi>a<\/mi>l<\/mi><\/mspace>E<\/mi>l<\/mi>e<\/mi>m<\/mi>e<\/mi>n<\/mi>t<\/mi><\/mrow><\/mrow>\\mathrm{Valve}\n\\neq\n\\mathrm{Final\\ Element}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\uc13c\uc11c\uc640 \ub85c\uc9c1 \uc194\ubc84\uac00 \uc815\uc0c1\uc774\uc5b4\ub3c4 \ubc38\ube0c\u00b7\uc561\ucd94\uc5d0\uc774\ud130\u00b7\uc194\ub808\ub178\uc774\ub4dc \uc911 \ud558\ub098\uac00\n\uc2e4\ud328\ud558\uba74 \uc548\uc804\uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<\/div>\nSafe State, Fail-Safe\n\ubc0f Fault Tolerance<\/h1>\nSafe State<\/h2>\n\uc548\uc804\uc0c1\ud0dc\ub294 \uacf5\uc815\uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \ud5c8\uc6a9 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uc218\uc900\uc73c\ub85c \ub0ae\ucd94\ub294 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\uc548\uc804\uc0c1\ud0dc\uac00 \ud56d\uc0c1 \ubc38\ube0c \ud3d0\uc1c4\ub97c \uc758\ubbf8\ud558\uc9c0\ub294 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\uc704\ud5d8\uc0c1\ud669<\/th>\n\ud544\uc694\ud55c \uc548\uc804\ub3d9\uc791\uc758 \uc608<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n\uac00\uc5f0\uc131 \uc6d0\ub8cc \uacfc\ub2e4\uacf5\uae09<\/td>\n\uc6d0\ub8cc\uacf5\uae09\ubc38\ube0c \ud3d0\uc1c4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\ub0c9\uac01\uc218 \uacf5\uae09 \uc0c1\uc2e4<\/td>\n\ube44\uc0c1\ub0c9\uac01\uc218\ubc38\ube0c \uac1c\ubc29<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\uacf5\uc815\uc6a9\uae30 \uacfc\uc555<\/td>\nBlowdown Valve \uac1c\ubc29<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\uace0\uc555\uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc800\uc555\uacc4\ud1b5\uc73c\ub85c \uc720\uc785<\/td>\nHIPPS \ucc28\ub2e8\ubc38\ube0c \ud3d0\uc1c4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\nFail-Safe<\/h2>\nFail-Safe\ub294 \uacf5\uae30, \uc804\uc6d0 \ub610\ub294 \uc2e0\ud638\uac00 \uc0c1\uc2e4\ub420 \ub54c \uc548\uc804\ubc29\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ub3d9\ud558\ub294\n\ud2b9\uc131\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\nFailure<\/mtext>\u2192<\/mo>Safe State<\/mtext><\/mrow><\/menclose>\\boxed{\n\\text{Failure}\n\\rightarrow\n\\text{Safe State}\n}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\nF<\/mi>a<\/mi>i<\/mi>l<\/mi>–<\/mtext>C<\/mi>l<\/mi>o<\/mi>s<\/mi>e<\/mi><\/mrow>,<\/mo><\/mspace>F<\/mi>a<\/mi>i<\/mi>l<\/mi>–<\/mtext>O<\/mi>p<\/mi>e<\/mi>n<\/mi><\/mrow>\u2282<\/mo>F<\/mi>a<\/mi>i<\/mi>l<\/mi>–<\/mtext>S<\/mi>a<\/mi>f<\/mi>e<\/mi><\/mspace>A<\/mi>c<\/mi>t<\/mi>i<\/mi>o<\/mi>n<\/mi>s<\/mi><\/mrow><\/mrow>\\mathrm{Fail\\text{-}Close},\n\\ \\mathrm{Fail\\text{-}Open}\n\\subset\n\\mathrm{Fail\\text{-}Safe\\ Actions}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\nFault-Tolerant<\/h2>\nFault-Tolerant\ub294 \uc77c\ubd80 \uace0\uc7a5\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud574\ub3c4 \uc694\uad6c\uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uacc4\uc18d \uc218\ud589\ud558\ub294\n\ub2a5\ub825\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\nF<\/mi>a<\/mi>i<\/mi>l<\/mi>–<\/mtext>S<\/mi>a<\/mi>f<\/mi>e<\/mi><\/mrow>\u2260<\/mo>F<\/mi>a<\/mi>u<\/mi>l<\/mi>t<\/mi>–<\/mtext>T<\/mi>o<\/mi>l<\/mi>e<\/mi>r<\/mi>a<\/mi>n<\/mi>t<\/mi><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/menclose>\\boxed{\n\\mathrm{Fail\\text{-}Safe}\n\\neq\n\\mathrm{Fault\\text{-}Tolerant}\n}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\nFail-Safe: \uace0\uc7a5\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\uba74 \uc548\uc804\uc0c1\ud0dc\ub85c \uc804\ud658<\/p><\/li>\nFault-Tolerant: \uc77c\ubd80 \uace0\uc7a5\uc774 \uc788\uc5b4\ub3c4 \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uacc4\uc18d \uc218\ud589<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\ub450 \ud2b9\uc131\uc740 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uc801\uc6a9\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\nF<\/mi>a<\/mi>i<\/mi>l<\/mi>–<\/mtext>S<\/mi>a<\/mi>f<\/mi>e<\/mi><\/mrow>\u2229<\/mo>F<\/mi>a<\/mi>u<\/mi>l<\/mi>t<\/mi>–<\/mtext>T<\/mi>o<\/mi>l<\/mi>e<\/mi>r<\/mi>a<\/mi>n<\/mi>t<\/mi><\/mrow>\u2260<\/mo>\u2300<\/mi><\/mrow>\\mathrm{Fail\\text{-}Safe}\n\\cap\n\\mathrm{Fault\\text{-}Tolerant}\n\\neq\n\\varnothing<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n12.3 \uae30\ub2a5\uc548\uc804 \ud45c\uc900<\/h1>\nIEC 61508<\/h2>\nIEC 61508\uc740 \uc804\uae30\u00b7\uc804\uc790\u00b7\ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub798\uba38\ube14 \uc804\uc790 \uc548\uc804\uad00\ub828 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc758 \uae30\ub2a5\uc548\uc804\uc744\n\ub2e4\ub8e8\ub294 \uc77c\ubc18\ud45c\uc900\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\nIEC 61511<\/h2>\nIEC 61511\uc740 \uacf5\uc815\uc0b0\uc5c5\uc6a9 SIS\uc5d0 \uc801\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \uae30\ub2a5\uc548\uc804 \ud45c\uc900\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\nISA S84<\/h2>\nISA S84 \uacc4\uc5f4\uc740 \uacf5\uc815\uc0b0\uc5c5\uc758 \uc548\uc804\uacc4\uce21\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c \uc218\uba85\uc8fc\uae30\ub97c \ub2e4\ub8ec\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\nIEC 61508<\/mtext>=<\/mo>\uc77c\ubc18 \uae30\ub2a5\uc548\uc804 \uae30\ubc18\ud45c\uc900<\/mtext><\/mrow>\\text{IEC 61508}\n=\n\\text{\uc77c\ubc18 \uae30\ub2a5\uc548\uc804 \uae30\ubc18\ud45c\uc900}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\nIEC 61511<\/mtext>=<\/mo>\uacf5\uc815\uc0b0\uc5c5 SIS \uc801\uc6a9\ud45c\uc900<\/mtext><\/mrow>\\text{IEC 61511}\n=\n\\text{\uacf5\uc815\uc0b0\uc5c5 SIS \uc801\uc6a9\ud45c\uc900}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\nIEC 61511<\/mtext>\u2229<\/mo>ISA S84<\/mtext>\u2260<\/mo>\u2300<\/mi><\/mrow>\\text{IEC 61511}\n\\cap\n\\text{ISA S84}\n\\neq\n\\varnothing<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\ub450 \ud45c\uc900\uccb4\uacc4\ub294 \uacf5\uc815\uc0b0\uc5c5 SIS\ub77c\ub294 \uacf5\ud1b5\uc601\uc5ed\uc744 \ub2e4\ub8ec\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\uae30\ub2a5\uc548\uc804 \uc218\uba85\uc8fc\uae30<\/h2>\n\n\n<\/div>\nFunctional Safety<\/mtext>=<\/mo>\uc124\uacc4<\/mtext>+<\/mo>\uac80\uc99d<\/mtext>+<\/mo>\uc2dc\ud5d8<\/mtext>+<\/mo>\uc815\ube44<\/mtext>+<\/mo>\ubb38\uc11c\ud654<\/mtext><\/mrow><\/menclose>\\boxed{\n\\text{Functional Safety}\n=\n\\text{\uc124\uacc4}\n+\n\\text{\uac80\uc99d}\n+\n\\text{\uc2dc\ud5d8}\n+\n\\text{\uc815\ube44}\n+\n\\text{\ubb38\uc11c\ud654}\n}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n12.4 \uc704\ud5d8\ubd84\uc11d\uacfc \ubaa9\ud45c SIL \uacb0\uc815<\/h1>\nHazard\uc640 Risk<\/h2>\nHazard\ub294 \uc778\uba85, \ud658\uacbd \ub610\ub294 \uc124\ube44\uc5d0 \ud53c\ud574\ub97c \uc904 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc7a0\uc7ac\uc801\n\uc6d0\uc778\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\nRisk\ub294 \uc704\ud5d8\uc0ac\uac74\uc758 \ubc1c\uc0dd \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uacfc \uacb0\uacfc \uc2ec\uac01\ub3c4\uc758 \uc870\ud569\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\nR<\/mi>i<\/mi>s<\/mi>k<\/mi><\/mrow>=<\/mo>f<\/mi>(<\/mo>L<\/mi>i<\/mi>k<\/mi>e<\/mi>l<\/mi>i<\/mi>h<\/mi>o<\/mi>o<\/mi>d<\/mi><\/mrow>,<\/mo>C<\/mi>o<\/mi>n<\/mi>s<\/mi>e<\/mi>q<\/mi>u<\/mi>e<\/mi>n<\/mi>c<\/mi>e<\/mi><\/mrow>)<\/mo><\/mrow><\/menclose>\\boxed{\n\\mathrm{Risk}\n=\nf(\\mathrm{Likelihood},\\mathrm{Consequence})\n}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\nPHA\uc640 HAZOP<\/h2>\nPHA\ub294 \uacf5\uc815\uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \uc2dd\ubcc4\ud558\uace0 \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uc704\ud5d8\uac10\uc18c \uc218\uc900\uc744 \uacb0\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uc804\uccb4\n\ud65c\ub3d9\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\nHAZOP\uc740 \uc124\uacc4\uc758\ub3c4\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc97\uc5b4\ub098\ub294 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub97c \ub2e4\ubd84\uc57c \ud300\uc774 \uccb4\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uac80\ud1a0\ud558\ub294\n\ub300\ud45c\uc801\uc778 \uae30\ubc95\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\nH<\/mi>A<\/mi>Z<\/mi>O<\/mi>P<\/mi><\/mrow>\u2282<\/mo>P<\/mi>H<\/mi>A<\/mi><\/mspace>T<\/mi>e<\/mi>c<\/mi>h<\/mi>n<\/mi>i<\/mi>q<\/mi>u<\/mi>e<\/mi>s<\/mi><\/mrow><\/mrow>\\mathrm{HAZOP}\n\\subset\n\\mathrm{PHA\\ Techniques}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4 PHA\uc5d0\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c \ubc29\ubc95\uc774 \ud3ec\ud568\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\nHAZOP<\/p><\/li>\nWhat-if<\/p><\/li>\nChecklist<\/p><\/li>\n\uae30\ud0c0 \uacf5\uc815\uc704\ud5d8\ubd84\uc11d \uae30\ubc95<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\nIPL<\/h2>\nIPL\uc740 \ub2e4\ub978 \ubcf4\ud638\uc218\ub2e8\uc758 \uc2e4\ud328\uc640 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \uac10\uc18c\uc2dc\ud0ac \uc218 \uc788\ub294\n\ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\nI<\/mi>P<\/mi>L<\/mi><\/mrow>\u2282<\/mo>Protection Layers<\/mtext><\/mrow>\\mathrm{IPL}\n\\subset\n\\text{Protection Layers}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\ud558\ub098\uc758 SIF\ub294 \uc704\ud5d8\ubd84\uc11d\uc5d0\uc11c \ud558\ub098\uc758 IPL \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ub450 \uc6a9\uc5b4\ub294 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub2e4.<\/p>\nS<\/mi>I<\/mi>F<\/mi><\/mrow>\u2260<\/mo>I<\/mi>P<\/mi>L<\/mi><\/mrow><\/mrow>\\mathrm{SIF}\\neq\\mathrm{IPL}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\nSIF: \uc13c\uc11c\u00b7\ub85c\uc9c1\u00b7\ucd5c\uc885\uc694\uc18c\ub85c \uad6c\ud604\ub41c \uacc4\uce21 \uc548\uc804\uae30\ub2a5<\/p><\/li>\nIPL: \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \uc904\uc774\ub294 \ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35\uc758 \ubd84\ub958<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\nSIL \uacb0\uc815 \ud750\ub984<\/h2>\n<\/mtd>\uc704\ud5d8 \uc2dd\ubcc4<\/mtext>\u2192<\/mo>\uc704\ud5d8\ub3c4 \ud3c9\uac00<\/mtext><\/mtd><\/mtr><\/mtd>\u2192<\/mo>\uae30\uc874 IPL \ud3c9\uac00<\/mtext>\u2192<\/mo>\ucd94\uac00 \uc704\ud5d8\uac10\uc18c \uc694\uad6c<\/mtext><\/mtd><\/mtr><\/mtd>\u2192<\/mo>SIF \uc815\uc758<\/mtext>\u2192<\/mo>\ubaa9\ud45c SIL \ud560\ub2f9<\/mtext><\/mtd><\/mtr><\/mtable><\/menclose>\\boxed{\n\\begin{aligned}\n&\\text{\uc704\ud5d8 \uc2dd\ubcc4}\n\\rightarrow\n\\text{\uc704\ud5d8\ub3c4 \ud3c9\uac00}\\\\\n&\\rightarrow\n\\text{\uae30\uc874 IPL \ud3c9\uac00}\n\\rightarrow\n\\text{\ucd94\uac00 \uc704\ud5d8\uac10\uc18c \uc694\uad6c}\\\\\n&\\rightarrow\n\\text{SIF \uc815\uc758}\n\\rightarrow\n\\text{\ubaa9\ud45c SIL \ud560\ub2f9}\n\\end{aligned}\n}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\nSIL, PFDavg \ubc0f RRF<\/h1>\nPFD<\/h2>\nPFD\ub294 \uc548\uc804\uae30\ub2a5\uc774 \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \uc694\uad6c\ub410\uc744 \ub54c SIF\uac00 \uc791\ub3d9\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc744 \ud655\ub960\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\nSafety Demand<\/mtext>+<\/mo>SIF Failure<\/mtext>=<\/mo>Failure on Demand<\/mtext><\/mrow><\/menclose>\\boxed{\n\\text{Safety Demand}\n+\n\\text{SIF Failure}\n=\n\\text{Failure on Demand}\n}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\nPFDavg<\/h2>\nPFDavg\ub294 \uc2dc\ud5d8\uacfc \uc2dc\ud5d8 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcc0\ud654\ud558\ub294 PFD\ub97c \uc2dc\uac04\ud3c9\uade0\ud55c \uac12\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\nRRF<\/h2>\nRRF\ub294 \uc704\ud5d8\uac10\uc18c\uacc4\uc218\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\nR<\/mi>R<\/mi>F<\/mi><\/mrow>=<\/mo>1<\/mn>P<\/mi>F<\/mi>D<\/mi><\/mrow>a<\/mi>v<\/mi>g<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mfrac><\/mrow><\/menclose>\\boxed{\n\\mathrm{RRF}\n=\n\\frac{1}{\\mathrm{PFD}_{\\mathrm{avg}}}\n}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4:<\/p>\nP<\/mi>F<\/mi>D<\/mi><\/mrow>a<\/mi>v<\/mi>g<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub>=<\/mo>10<\/mn>\u2212<\/mi>3<\/mn><\/mrow><\/msup><\/mrow>\\mathrm{PFD}_{\\mathrm{avg}}=10^{-3}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\uc774\uba74:<\/p>\nR<\/mi>R<\/mi>F<\/mi><\/mrow>=<\/mo>1000<\/mn><\/mrow>\\mathrm{RRF}=1000<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\uc800\uc694\uad6c \ubaa8\ub4dc\uc758 SIL \ubc94\uc704<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSIL<\/th>\nP<\/mi>F<\/mi>D<\/mi><\/mrow>a<\/mi>v<\/mi>g<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub>\\mathrm{PFD}_{\\mathrm{avg}}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\n\ubc94\uc704<\/th>\nRRF \ubc94\uc704<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\nSIL 1<\/td>\n10<\/mn>\u2212<\/mi>2<\/mn><\/mrow><\/msup>\u2264<\/mo>P<\/mi>F<\/mi>D<\/mi><\/mrow>a<\/mi>v<\/mi>g<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><<\/mo>10<\/mn>\u2212<\/mi>1<\/mn><\/mrow><\/msup><\/mrow>10^{-2}\\le\\mathrm{PFD}_{\\mathrm{avg}}<10^{-1}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/td>\n\u2013100<\/td>\n<\/tr>\nSIL 2<\/td>\n10<\/mn>\u2212<\/mi>3<\/mn><\/mrow><\/msup>\u2264<\/mo>P<\/mi>F<\/mi>D<\/mi><\/mrow>a<\/mi>v<\/mi>g<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><<\/mo>10<\/mn>\u2212<\/mi>2<\/mn><\/mrow><\/msup><\/mrow>10^{-3}\\le\\mathrm{PFD}_{\\mathrm{avg}}<10^{-2}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/td>\n\u20131,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\nSIL 3<\/td>\n10<\/mn>\u2212<\/mi>4<\/mn><\/mrow><\/msup>\u2264<\/mo>P<\/mi>F<\/mi>D<\/mi><\/mrow>a<\/mi>v<\/mi>g<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><<\/mo>10<\/mn>\u2212<\/mi>3<\/mn><\/mrow><\/msup><\/mrow>10^{-4}\\le\\mathrm{PFD}_{\\mathrm{avg}}<10^{-3}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/td>\n,000\u201310,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\nSIL 4<\/td>\n10<\/mn>\u2212<\/mi>5<\/mn><\/mrow><\/msup>\u2264<\/mo>P<\/mi>F<\/mi>D<\/mi><\/mrow>a<\/mi>v<\/mi>g<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><<\/mo>10<\/mn>\u2212<\/mi>4<\/mn><\/mrow><\/msup><\/mrow>10^{-5}\\le\\mathrm{PFD}_{\\mathrm{avg}}<10^{-4}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/td>\n,000\u2013100,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\nP<\/mi>F<\/mi>D<\/mi><\/mrow>a<\/mi>v<\/mi>g<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub>\u2193<\/mo>\u21d4<\/mo>R<\/mi>R<\/mi>F<\/mi><\/mrow>\u2191<\/mo>\u21d4<\/mo>S<\/mi>I<\/mi>L<\/mi><\/mrow>\u2191<\/mo><\/mrow>\\mathrm{PFD}_{\\mathrm{avg}}\\downarrow\n\\Longleftrightarrow\n\\mathrm{RRF}\\uparrow\n\\Longleftrightarrow\n\\mathrm{SIL}\\uparrow<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\uc138 \uc6a9\uc5b4\ub294 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\nPFDavg: \uc694\uad6c \uc2dc \ud3c9\uade0 \uace0\uc7a5\ud655\ub960<\/p><\/li>\nRRF: \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \uac10\uc18c\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \ubc30\uc218<\/p><\/li>\nSIL: PFDavg \ubc94\uc704\ub97c \ub4f1\uae09\ud654\ud55c \uc131\ub2a5\ubaa9\ud45c<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\nSIL \ub2ec\uc131\uc5d0 \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uc138 \uc870\uac74<\/h1>\n\ubaa9\ud45c SIL\uc740 PFD \uacc4\uc0b0\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c \ub2ec\uc131\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4.<\/p>\nSIL \ub2ec\uc131<\/mtext>=<\/mo><\/mrow><\/mtd>Systematic Integrity<\/mtext><\/mtd><\/mtr><\/mtd>\u2229<\/mi>Architectural Constraints<\/mtext><\/mtd><\/mtr><\/mtd>\u2229<\/mi>Random Integrity<\/mtext><\/mtd><\/mtr><\/mtable><\/menclose>\\boxed{\n\\begin{aligned}\n\\text{SIL \ub2ec\uc131}\n={}&\n\\text{Systematic Integrity}\\\\\n&\\cap\n\\text{Architectural Constraints}\\\\\n&\\cap\n\\text{Random Integrity}\n\\end{aligned}\n}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\nSystematic Integrity<\/h2>\n\uc0ac\uc591, \uc124\uacc4, \uc18c\ud504\ud2b8\uc6e8\uc5b4, \uc124\uce58, \uc2dc\ud5d8 \ubc0f \ubcc0\uacbd\uad00\ub9ac\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\ub294 \uccb4\uacc4\uc801\n\uc624\ub958\ub97c \uad00\ub9ac\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\uc608:<\/p>\n\n\uc798\ubabb\ub41c Trip Setpoint<\/p><\/li>\n\uc798\ubabb\ub41c Fail Action<\/p><\/li>\n\ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8 \uc624\ub958<\/p><\/li>\n\ubc30\uc120 \uc624\ub958<\/p><\/li>\n\uc2dc\ud5d8\uc808\ucc28 \ub204\ub77d<\/p><\/li>\n\ubb34\ub2e8 \ubcc0\uacbd<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\nS<\/mi>y<\/mi>s<\/mi>t<\/mi>e<\/mi>m<\/mi>a<\/mi>t<\/mi>i<\/mi>c<\/mi><\/mspace>I<\/mi>n<\/mi>t<\/mi>e<\/mi>g<\/mi>r<\/mi>i<\/mi>t<\/mi>y<\/mi><\/mrow>\u2260<\/mo>P<\/mi>F<\/mi>D<\/mi><\/mrow>a<\/mi>v<\/mi>g<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow>\\mathrm{Systematic\\ Integrity}\n\\neq\n\\mathrm{PFD}_{\\mathrm{avg}}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\uccb4\uacc4\uc801 \uc624\ub958\ub294 \uc7a5\uce58 \uace0\uc7a5\ub960 \uacc4\uc0b0\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c \ucda9\ubd84\ud788 \uad00\ub9ac\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4.<\/p>\nArchitectural Constraints<\/h2>\n\uad6c\uc131\ud488\uc758 \uc218, \uc911\ubcf5\uc131, Voting \uad6c\uc870 \ubc0f \uace0\uc7a5\ud5c8\uc6a9\ub3c4\ub97c \uc81c\ud55c\ud558\ub294 \uad6c\uc870\uc801\n\uc694\uad6c\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\nH<\/mi>F<\/mi>T<\/mi><\/mrow>,<\/mo><\/mspace>R<\/mi>e<\/mi>d<\/mi>u<\/mi>n<\/mi>d<\/mi>a<\/mi>n<\/mi>c<\/mi>y<\/mi><\/mrow>,<\/mo><\/mspace>V<\/mi>o<\/mi>t<\/mi>i<\/mi>n<\/mi>g<\/mi><\/mrow>\u2282<\/mo>A<\/mi>r<\/mi>c<\/mi>h<\/mi>i<\/mi>t<\/mi>e<\/mi>c<\/mi>t<\/mi>u<\/mi>r<\/mi>a<\/mi>l<\/mi><\/mspace>D<\/mi>e<\/mi>s<\/mi>i<\/mi>g<\/mi>n<\/mi><\/mrow><\/mrow>\\mathrm{HFT},\\\n\\mathrm{Redundancy},\\\n\\mathrm{Voting}\n\\subset\n\\mathrm{Architectural\\ Design}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\nHFT<\/h2>\nHFT\ub294 \ud558\ub4dc\uc6e8\uc5b4 \uace0\uc7a5\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud574\ub3c4 \uc548\uc804\uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294\n\uc815\ub3c4\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\nHFT 0: \ud55c \uac1c \uace0\uc7a5\uc73c\ub85c \uae30\ub2a5 \uc0c1\uc2e4 \uac00\ub2a5<\/p><\/li>\nHFT 1: \ud55c \uac1c \uace0\uc7a5\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud574\ub3c4 \uae30\ub2a5 \uc720\uc9c0<\/p><\/li>\nHFT 2: \ub450 \uac1c \uace0\uc7a5\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud574\ub3c4 \uae30\ub2a5 \uc720\uc9c0<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\nR<\/mi>e<\/mi>d<\/mi>u<\/mi>n<\/mi>d<\/mi>a<\/mi>n<\/mi>c<\/mi>y<\/mi><\/mrow>\u2260<\/mo>H<\/mi>F<\/mi>T<\/mi><\/mrow><\/mrow>\\mathrm{Redundancy}\\neq\\mathrm{HFT}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\uc911\ubcf5\uc131\uc740 \uc124\uacc4\uc218\ub2e8\uc774\uace0, HFT\ub294 \uc2e4\uc81c \uace0\uc7a5\ud5c8\uc6a9\ub2a5\ub825\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\nRandom Integrity<\/h2>\n\uac1c\ubcc4 \uc7a5\uce58\uc758 \ubb34\uc791\uc704 \uc704\ud5d8\uace0\uc7a5\ub960\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec SIF\uc758 PFDavg\ub97c \uac80\uc99d\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\nP<\/mi>F<\/mi>D<\/mi><\/mrow>a<\/mi>v<\/mi>g<\/mi>,<\/mo>S<\/mi>I<\/mi>F<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub>\u2264<\/mo>P<\/mi>F<\/mi>D<\/mi><\/mrow>t<\/mi>a<\/mi>r<\/mi>g<\/mi>e<\/mi>t<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/menclose>\\boxed{\n\\mathrm{PFD}_{\\mathrm{avg,SIF}}\n\\le\n\\mathrm{PFD}_{\\mathrm{target}}\n}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\nP<\/mi>F<\/mi>D<\/mi><\/mrow>a<\/mi>v<\/mi>g<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mspace> \ub9cc\uc871<\/mtext><\/mrow>\u21d2\u0338<\/mo>SIL \uc804\uccb4 \ub9cc\uc871<\/mtext><\/mrow>\\mathrm{PFD}_{\\mathrm{avg}}\\text{ \ub9cc\uc871}\n\\not\\Rightarrow\n\\text{SIL \uc804\uccb4 \ub9cc\uc871}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\uccb4\uacc4\uc801 \ubb34\uacb0\uc131\uacfc \uad6c\uc870\uc801 \uc81c\uc57d\ub3c4 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \ub9cc\uc871\ud574\uc57c \ud558\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n12.5 SIF \uc804\uccb4 PFD\uc640 \uace0\uc7a5\ud615\ud0dc<\/h1>\n\ud578\ub4dc\ubd81\uc740 SIF\uc758 \uc804\uccb4 PFD\ub97c \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud654\ud558\uc5ec \uc124\uba85\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\nP<\/mi>F<\/mi>D<\/mi><\/mrow>t<\/mi>o<\/mi>t<\/mi>a<\/mi>l<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub>=<\/mo>P<\/mi>F<\/mi>D<\/mi><\/mrow>s<\/mi>e<\/mi>n<\/mi>s<\/mi>o<\/mi>r<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub>+<\/mo>P<\/mi>F<\/mi>D<\/mi><\/mrow>l<\/mi>o<\/mi>g<\/mi>i<\/mi>c<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub>+<\/mo>P<\/mi>F<\/mi>D<\/mi><\/mrow>f<\/mi>i<\/mi>n<\/mi>a<\/mi>l<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/menclose>\\boxed{\n\\mathrm{PFD}_{\\mathrm{total}}\n=\n\\mathrm{PFD}_{\\mathrm{sensor}}\n+\n\\mathrm{PFD}_{\\mathrm{logic}}\n+\n\\mathrm{PFD}_{\\mathrm{final}}\n}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\n\uc774 \uc2dd\uc740 \uac01 \ud558\uc704\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc774 \uc9c1\ub82c\ub85c \uc548\uc804\uae30\ub2a5\uc5d0 \uae30\uc5ec\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud558\uae30\n\uc704\ud55c \ub2e8\uc21c \ud569\uc0b0\uc2dd\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\uc2e4\uc81c \uacc4\uc0b0\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc911\ubcf5\uad6c\uc870, \uacf5\ud1b5\uc6d0\uc778\uace0\uc7a5, \uc9c4\ub2e8, \uc2dc\ud5d8\ud6a8\uc728 \ubc0f \uc218\ub9ac\uc2dc\uac04\n\ub4f1\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<\/div>\nSpurious Trip<\/h2>\n\uc2e4\uc81c \uc704\ud5d8\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294\ub370 \uc548\uc804\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc774 \ubd88\ud544\uc694\ud558\uac8c \uacf5\uc815\uc744 \uc815\uc9c0\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294\n\uace0\uc7a5\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\nNo Hazard<\/mtext>+<\/mo>Trip<\/mtext>=<\/mo>Spurious Trip<\/mtext><\/mrow>\\text{No Hazard}\n+\n\\text{Trip}\n=\n\\text{Spurious Trip}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\uc8fc\uc694 \uc601\ud5a5\uc740 \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc190\uc2e4\uacfc \uac00\ub3d9\ub960 \uc800\ud558\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\nDangerous Undetected Failure<\/h2>\n\uc7a5\uce58\uac00 \uace0\uc7a5\ub0ac\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc815\uc0c1\uc6b4\uc804 \uc911\uc5d0\ub294 \uac80\ucd9c\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0, \uc548\uc804\uc694\uad6c\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud588\uc744\n\ub54c \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\ub294 \uace0\uc7a5\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\nHidden Failure<\/mtext>+<\/mo>Safety Demand<\/mtext>=<\/mo>Dangerous Failure<\/mtext><\/mrow>\\text{Hidden Failure}\n+\n\\text{Safety Demand}\n=\n\\text{Dangerous Failure}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\nS<\/mi>p<\/mi>u<\/mi>r<\/mi>i<\/mi>o<\/mi>u<\/mi>s<\/mi><\/mspace>T<\/mi>r<\/mi>i<\/mi>p<\/mi><\/mrow>\u2229<\/mo>D<\/mi>a<\/mi>n<\/mi>g<\/mi>e<\/mi>r<\/mi>o<\/mi>u<\/mi>s<\/mi><\/mspace>U<\/mi>n<\/mi>d<\/mi>e<\/mi>t<\/mi>e<\/mi>c<\/mi>t<\/mi>e<\/mi>d<\/mi><\/mrow>\u2248<\/mo>\u2300<\/mi><\/mrow>\\mathrm{Spurious\\ Trip}\n\\cap\n\\mathrm{Dangerous\\ Undetected}\n\\approx\n\\varnothing<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\uad6c\ubd84<\/th>\nSpurious Trip<\/th>\nDangerous Undetected<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n\uacf5\uc815\ub3d9\uc791<\/td>\n\ubd88\ud544\uc694\ud558\uac8c \uc815\uc9c0<\/td>\n\ud544\uc694\ud560 \ub54c \uc815\uc9c0\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\uc8fc\uc694 \uc601\ud5a5<\/td>\n\uc0dd\uc0b0\uc190\uc2e4<\/td>\n\uc0ac\uace0 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\uc548\uc804\ubc29\ud5a5<\/td>\n\ub300\uccb4\ub85c \uc548\uc804 \uce21<\/td>\n\uc704\ud5d8 \uce21<\/td>\n<\/tr>\nPFD\uc640 \uad00\uacc4<\/td>\n\uc8fc\ub85c \uac00\uc6a9\uc131 \ubb38\uc81c<\/td>\nPFD \uc99d\uac00\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec \uc6d0\uc778<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nTI\uc640 \uc228\uc740 \uace0\uc7a5<\/h1>\nTI\ub294 Proof Test\uc640 \ub2e4\uc74c Proof Test \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uc2dc\ud5d8\uac04\uaca9\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\uc2dc\ud5d8 \uc9c1\ud6c4\uc5d0\ub294 \uac80\ucd9c\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uace0\uc7a5\uc774 \uc0c1\ub300\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc801\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \uc9c0\ub0a0\uc218\ub85d\n\uc228\uc740 \uace0\uc7a5\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud560 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc774 \uc99d\uac00\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\nT<\/mi>I<\/mi><\/mrow>\u2191<\/mo>\u21d2<\/mo>P<\/mi>F<\/mi>D<\/mi><\/mrow>a<\/mi>v<\/mi>g<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub>\u2191<\/mo><\/mrow><\/menclose>\\boxed{\n\\mathrm{TI}\\uparrow\n\\Rightarrow\n\\mathrm{PFD}_{\\mathrm{avg}}\\uparrow\n}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\ud578\ub4dc\ubd81\uc758 \ub2e8\uc21c \uc124\uba85\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc2dc\ud5d8\uac04\uaca9\uc744 \ub450 \ubc30\ub85c \ub298\ub9ac\uba74 PFD\ub3c4 \ub300\ub7b5 \ub450 \ubc30\n\uc99d\uac00\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\nT<\/mi>I<\/mi><\/mrow>\u00d7<\/mo>2<\/mn>\u21d2<\/mo>P<\/mi>F<\/mi>D<\/mi><\/mrow>a<\/mi>v<\/mi>g<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mspace> \uc57d <\/mtext><\/mspace><\/mrow>2<\/mn>\ubc30<\/mtext><\/mrow>\\mathrm{TI}\\times2\n\\Rightarrow\n\\mathrm{PFD}_{\\mathrm{avg}}\\text{ \uc57d }2\\text{\ubc30}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc2dc\ud5d8\uac04\uaca9\uc740 \ubaa9\ud45c SIL \uac80\uc99d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud55c \uc870\uac74\uacfc \uc77c\uce58\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uad00\ub9ac\ud574\uc57c\n\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n12.6 \ucd5c\uc885\uc694\uc18c\uc640 \uc81c\uc5b4\ubc38\ube0c<\/h1>\n\ucd5c\uc885\uc694\uc18c\ub294 \uacf5\uc815\uc744 \uc2e4\uc81c \uc548\uc804\uc0c1\ud0dc\ub85c \uc804\ud658\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\nFinal Element<\/mtext>=<\/mo>Valve<\/mtext>+<\/mo>Actuator<\/mtext>+<\/mo>Valve Instrumentation<\/mtext><\/mrow><\/menclose>\\boxed{\n\\text{Final Element}\n=\n\\text{Valve}\n+\n\\text{Actuator}\n+\n\\text{Valve Instrumentation}\n}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\ud578\ub4dc\ubd81\uc758 OREDA \ub3c4\ud45c\ub294 SIF \uace0\uc7a5 \uc911 \ucd5c\uc885\uc694\uc18c\uac00 \uc57d 50%\ub97c \ucc28\uc9c0\ud560 \uc218\n\uc788\uc74c\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc900\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uace0\uc2e0\ub8b0 \uc13c\uc11c\uc640 \ub85c\uc9c1 \uc194\ubc84\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 SIF\uc758 \uc548\uc804\uc131\ub2a5\uc744 \ud655\ubcf4\ud560 \uc218\n\uc5c6\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\ucd5c\uc885\uc694\uc18c \uc120\uc815\uc870\uac74<\/h2>\n\n\ucd5c\ub300 \ucc28\uc555\uc5d0\uc11c \uc548\uc804\ubc29\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ub3d9 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c\uac00<\/p><\/li>\n\uc561\ucd94\uc5d0\uc774\ud130 \ucd94\ub825 \ub610\ub294 \ud1a0\ud06c\uac00 \ucda9\ubd84\ud55c\uac00<\/p><\/li>\n\uacf5\uae30\u00b7\uc804\uc6d0 \uc0c1\uc2e4 \uc2dc \uc548\uc804\ubc29\ud5a5\uc774 \uc801\uc808\ud55c\uac00<\/p><\/li>\n\uc694\uad6c \uc548\uc804\uc2dc\uac04 \uc774\ub0b4\uc5d0 \uc774\ub3d9\ud558\ub294\uac00<\/p><\/li>\n\uc694\uad6c Seat Leakage\ub97c \ub9cc\uc871\ud558\ub294\uac00<\/p><\/li>\n\uc194\ub808\ub178\uc774\ub4dc\uc640 \uacf5\uae30\ubc30\uad00\uc774 \ud3ec\ud568\ub418\uc5b4 \uac80\uc99d\ub410\ub294\uac00<\/p><\/li>\n\uc8fc\uae30\uc801\uc778 Proof Test\uac00 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c\uac00<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\nt<\/mi>f<\/mi>i<\/mi>n<\/mi>a<\/mi>l<\/mi><\/mspace>e<\/mi>l<\/mi>e<\/mi>m<\/mi>e<\/mi>n<\/mi>t<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub>\u2264<\/mo>t<\/mi>p<\/mi>r<\/mi>o<\/mi>c<\/mi>e<\/mi>s<\/mi>s<\/mi><\/mspace>s<\/mi>a<\/mi>f<\/mi>e<\/mi>t<\/mi>y<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/menclose>\\boxed{\nt_{\\mathrm{final\\ element}}\n\\le\nt_{\\mathrm{process\\ safety}}\n}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\ub2e4\ub9cc \uc9c0\ub098\uce58\uac8c \ube60\ub978 \ud3d0\uc1c4\ub294 Surge, Water Hammer \ub610\ub294 \ubc30\uad00\ucda9\uaca9\uc744\n\ubc1c\uc0dd\uc2dc\ud0ac \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\nProof Test, Full Stroke Test\n\ubc0f PST<\/h1>\nProof Test<\/h2>\nProof Test\ub294 \uc815\uc0c1\uc9c4\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c \ubc1c\uacac\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc704\ud5d8\uace0\uc7a5\uc744 \uac80\ucd9c\ud558\uace0\n\uc548\uc804\uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud558\ub294 \uc2dc\ud5d8\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\ucd5c\uc885\uc694\uc18c Proof Test\uc5d0\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uc774 \ud3ec\ud568\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\uc678\uad00\uac80\uc0ac<\/p><\/li>\n\uc804\uccb4 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub85c\ud06c<\/p><\/li>\n\uc548\uc804\ubc29\ud5a5 \ub3d9\uc791<\/p><\/li>\n\uc548\uc804\ub3d9\uc791\uc2dc\uac04<\/p><\/li>\n\ubc38\ube0c Seat Leakage<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\nFull Stroke Test<\/h2>\nFull Stroke Test\ub294 \ubc38\ube0c\ub97c \uc815\uc0c1\uc704\uce58\uc5d0\uc11c \ucd5c\uc885 \uc548\uc804\uc704\uce58\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc644\uc804\ud788\n\uc774\ub3d9\uc2dc\ud0a8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\nF<\/mi>u<\/mi>l<\/mi>l<\/mi><\/mspace>S<\/mi>t<\/mi>r<\/mi>o<\/mi>k<\/mi>e<\/mi><\/mspace>T<\/mi>e<\/mi>s<\/mi>t<\/mi><\/mrow>\u2282<\/mo>P<\/mi>r<\/mi>o<\/mi>o<\/mi>f<\/mi><\/mspace>T<\/mi>e<\/mi>s<\/mi>t<\/mi><\/mrow><\/mrow>\\mathrm{Full\\ Stroke\\ Test}\n\\subset\n\\mathrm{Proof\\ Test}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\nFull Stroke Test\ub294 Proof Test\uc758 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \ud56d\ubaa9\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc, Proof Test\uc5d0\ub294\n\uc678\uad00\uac80\uc0ac, \ub204\uc124\uc2dc\ud5d8 \ubc0f \ub2e4\ub978 \uae30\ub2a5\uac80\uc99d\ub3c4 \ud3ec\ud568\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<\/div>\nPST<\/h2>\nPST\ub294 \ubc38\ube0c\ub97c \uc804\uccb4 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub85c\ud06c\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80\ub9cc \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc600\ub2e4\uac00 \uc6d0\ub798 \uc704\uce58\ub85c \ubcf5\uadc0\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294\n\uc2dc\ud5d8\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\ud578\ub4dc\ubd81\uc740 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 PST \uc774\ub3d9\ub7c9\uc744 \uc57d 10%\ub85c \uc124\uba85\ud558\uba70, \ud50c\ub79c\ud2b8 \uc548\uc804\uc9c0\uce68\uc774\n\ud5c8\uc6a9\ud560 \uacbd\uc6b0 \ucd5c\ub300 \uc57d 30%\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \uc124\uba85\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\nx<\/mi>P<\/mi>S<\/mi>T<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub>\u2248<\/mo>10<\/mn>%<\/mi>\u223c<\/mo>30<\/mn>%<\/mi><\/mrow>x_{\\mathrm{PST}}\n\\approx\n10\\%\\sim30\\%<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\nPST\ub85c \uac80\ucd9c \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uace0\uc7a5\uc758 \uc608\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\uc2a4\ud15c \ub610\ub294 \uc0e4\ud504\ud2b8 \uace0\ucc29<\/p><\/li>\n\ud328\ud0b9 \ub9c8\ucc30 \uc99d\uac00<\/p><\/li>\n\uc561\ucd94\uc5d0\uc774\ud130 \uc774\uc0c1<\/p><\/li>\n\uacf5\uae30\ubc30\uad00 \ub9c9\ud798 \ub610\ub294 \ub204\uc124<\/p><\/li>\n\uc548\uc804\ubc29\ud5a5 \ucd08\uae30 \uc774\ub3d9 \uc2e4\ud328<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\nPST\uc640 Proof Test\uc758 \uad00\uacc4<\/h2>\nD<\/mi>P<\/mi>S<\/mi>T<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub>\u2282<\/mo>D<\/mi>P<\/mi>r<\/mi>o<\/mi>o<\/mi>f<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/menclose>\\boxed{\nD_{\\mathrm{PST}}\n\\subset\nD_{\\mathrm{Proof}}\n}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\uc5ec\uae30\uc11c\nD<\/mi>D<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\ub294\n\uac80\ucd9c \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uace0\uc7a5\uc9d1\ud569\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\nPST\uac00 \uc644\uc804\ud788 \ud655\uc778\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ud56d\ubaa9\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\uc804\uccb4 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub85c\ud06c<\/p><\/li>\n\ucd5c\uc885 \uc548\uc804\uc704\uce58 \ub3c4\ub2ec<\/p><\/li>\n\ucd5c\uc885 Seat \uc811\ucd09<\/p><\/li>\n\uc644\uc804 \ucc28\ub2e8 \ub204\uc124<\/p><\/li>\nPST \ubc94\uc704 \ubc16\uc758 \uad6d\ubd80 \uace0\ucc29<\/p><\/li>\n\uc804\uccb4 \uc774\ub3d9\uc2dc\uac04<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\nP<\/mi>S<\/mi>T<\/mi><\/mrow>\u2260<\/mo>Full Stroke Proof Test<\/mtext><\/mrow><\/menclose>\\boxed{\n\\mathrm{PST}\n\\neq\n\\text{Full Stroke Proof Test}\n}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\nPST\ub294 Full Stroke Test\ub97c \uc81c\uac70\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4.<\/p>\nPST\ub294 Full Stroke Test \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\uc11c \uc77c\ubd80 \uc228\uc740 \uc704\ud5d8\uace0\uc7a5\uc744 \uc870\uae30\uc5d0 \uac80\ucd9c\ud558\uc5ec\n\uc2dc\ud5d8\uc8fc\uae30\ub97c \ud569\ub9ac\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc870\uc815\ud558\ub294 \ubcf4\uc870\uc218\ub2e8\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<\/div>\nPST \uc911 \uc2e4\uc81c \uc548\uc804\uc694\uad6c \ubc1c\uc0dd<\/h2>\nPST \uc9c4\ud589<\/mtext>\u2192<\/mo>Actual Safety Demand<\/mtext>\u2192<\/mo>PST \uc911\ub2e8<\/mtext>\u2192<\/mo>Safe State \uc774\ub3d9<\/mtext><\/mrow>\\text{PST \uc9c4\ud589}\n\\rightarrow\n\\text{Actual Safety Demand}\n\\rightarrow\n\\text{PST \uc911\ub2e8}\n\\rightarrow\n\\text{Safe State \uc774\ub3d9}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \ubc38\ube0c \ucee8\ud2b8\ub864\ub7ec\ub294 \uc2dc\ud5d8 \uc911 \uc2e4\uc81c Trip\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\uba74 \ubd80\ubd84\uc2dc\ud5d8\uc744\n\uc911\ub2e8\ud558\uace0 \ubc38\ube0c\ub97c \uc548\uc804\uc704\uce58\ub85c \uad6c\ub3d9\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\nESD Valve\uc640 BDV<\/h1>\nESD<\/h2>\nESD\ub294 Emergency Shutdown, \uc989 \ube44\uc0c1\uc815\uc9c0 \ub610\ub294 \ube44\uc0c1\ucc28\ub2e8\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\nESD Valve\ub294 \uc704\ud5d8\ubb3c\uc9c8\uc774\ub098 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 \uacf5\uae09\uc744 \ucc28\ub2e8\ud558\ub294 \ucd5c\uc885\uc694\uc18c\ub85c\n\uc0ac\uc6a9\ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\nBDV<\/h2>\nBDV\ub294 Blowdown Valve, \uc989 \ube44\uc0c1\uac10\uc555\ubc38\ube0c\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\nBDV\ub294 \uc548\uc804\uc694\uad6c \uc2dc \uc5f4\ub824 \uacf5\uc815\uc555\ub825\uc744 \uc548\uc804\ud55c \ucc98\ub9ac\uacc4\ud1b5\uc73c\ub85c \ubc29\ucd9c\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\nE<\/mi>S<\/mi>D<\/mi><\/mspace>V<\/mi>a<\/mi>l<\/mi>v<\/mi>e<\/mi><\/mrow>,<\/mo><\/mspace>B<\/mi>D<\/mi>V<\/mi><\/mrow>\u2282<\/mo>F<\/mi>i<\/mi>n<\/mi>a<\/mi>l<\/mi><\/mspace>E<\/mi>l<\/mi>e<\/mi>m<\/mi>e<\/mi>n<\/mi>t<\/mi>s<\/mi><\/mrow><\/mrow>\\mathrm{ESD\\ Valve},\n\\ \\mathrm{BDV}\n\\subset\n\\mathrm{Final\\ Elements}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc:<\/p>\nE<\/mi>S<\/mi>D<\/mi><\/mspace>V<\/mi>a<\/mi>l<\/mi>v<\/mi>e<\/mi><\/mrow>\u2260<\/mo>S<\/mi>I<\/mi>F<\/mi><\/mrow><\/mrow>\\mathrm{ESD\\ Valve}\\neq\\mathrm{SIF}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\nB<\/mi>D<\/mi>V<\/mi><\/mrow>\u2260<\/mo>S<\/mi>I<\/mi>F<\/mi><\/mrow><\/mrow>\\mathrm{BDV}\\neq\\mathrm{SIF}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\ub450 \ubc38\ube0c\ub294 SIF \uc804\uccb4\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc13c\uc11c\uc640 \ub85c\uc9c1 \uc194\ubc84\uc758 \ucd9c\ub825\uc744 \uc2e4\ud589\ud558\ub294\n\ucd5c\uc885\uc694\uc18c\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n12.10 HIPPS<\/h1>\nHIPPS\ub294 \uace0\uc2e0\ub8b0\uc131 \uc555\ub825\ubcf4\ud638\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\uace0\uc555\uce21\uacfc \uc800\uc555\uce21 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\uc11c \uace0\uc555\uc6d0\uc774 \uc800\uc555\uacc4\ud1b5\uc73c\ub85c \uc804\ub2ec\ub418\uae30 \uc804\uc5d0\n\ucc28\ub2e8\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\nHigh Pressure Detection<\/mtext>\u2192<\/mo>Source Isolation<\/mtext>\u2192<\/mo>Downstream Protection<\/mtext><\/mrow><\/menclose>\\boxed{\n\\text{High Pressure Detection}\n\\rightarrow\n\\text{Source Isolation}\n\\rightarrow\n\\text{Downstream Protection}\n}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\nHIPPS\uc640 Relief System\uc758 \uad00\uacc4<\/h2>\n\ub450 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c \ubaa8\ub450 \uacfc\uc555\ubc29\uc9c0\ub97c \ubaa9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\nGoal<\/mtext>H<\/mi>I<\/mi>P<\/mi>P<\/mi>S<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub>\u2229<\/mo>Goal<\/mtext>R<\/mi>e<\/mi>l<\/mi>i<\/mi>e<\/mi>f<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub>=<\/mo>Overpressure Protection<\/mtext><\/mrow>\\text{Goal}_{\\mathrm{HIPPS}}\n\\cap\n\\text{Goal}_{\\mathrm{Relief}}\n=\n\\text{Overpressure Protection}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc791\ub3d9\uc6d0\ub9ac\ub294 \ub2e4\ub974\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\uad6c\ubd84<\/th>\nHIPPS<\/th>\nRelief Valve System<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n\uae30\ubcf8\uc6d0\ub9ac<\/td>\n\uace0\uc555\uc6d0 \ucc28\ub2e8<\/td>\n\ucd08\uacfc\uc555\ub825 \ubc29\ucd9c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\uc0ac\uace0 \uc9c4\ud589<\/td>\n\ud558\ub958 \uacfc\uc555 \ubc1c\uc0dd \uc804 \uc608\ubc29<\/td>\n\uc555\ub825 \uc0c1\uc2b9 \ud6c4 \uc644\ud654<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35<\/td>\nSIS \uae30\ubc18 \uc608\ubc29\uacc4\uce35<\/td>\n\ub2a5\ub3d9\uc801 \uc644\ud654\uacc4\uce35<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\uacf5\uc815\uc720\uccb4<\/td>\n\uc0c1\ub958\uce21\uc5d0 \uaca9\ub9ac<\/td>\nFlare \ub610\ub294 \uc678\ubd80\uacc4\ud1b5\uc73c\ub85c \ubc29\ucd9c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\nH<\/mi>I<\/mi>P<\/mi>P<\/mi>S<\/mi><\/mrow>\u2260<\/mo>Relief Valve<\/mtext><\/mrow>\\mathrm{HIPPS}\\neq\\text{Relief Valve}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n12.11 HIPPS\uc758 \uae30\ub2a5\uad6c\uc870<\/h1>\n\ud578\ub4dc\ubd81\uc758 \ub300\ud45c\uc801\uc778 SIL 3 HIPPS \uad6c\uc870\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/div>\nMooN<\/h2>\nMooN\uc740 N\uac1c \ucc44\ub110 \uc911 \ucd5c\uc18c M\uac1c\uac00 \ub3d9\uc791\uc870\uac74\uc744 \ub9cc\uc871\ud558\uba74 \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud558\ub294\n\uad6c\uc870\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\nM<\/mi>o<\/mi>o<\/mi>N<\/mi><\/mrow>=<\/mo>N<\/mi>\uac1c \uc911 <\/mtext><\/mspace><\/mrow>M<\/mi>\uac1c Voting<\/mtext><\/mrow><\/menclose>\\boxed{\n\\mathrm{MooN}\n=\nN\\text{\uac1c \uc911 }M\\text{\uac1c Voting}\n}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n2oo3 \uc555\ub825\uc13c\uc11c<\/h2>\n2<\/mn>o<\/mi>o<\/mi>3<\/mn><\/mrow>:<\/mo><\/mspace>3<\/mn>\uac1c \uc911 <\/mtext><\/mspace><\/mrow>2<\/mn>\uac1c \uace0\uc555 \uac80\ucd9c<\/mtext>\u21d2<\/mo>Trip<\/mtext><\/mrow><\/menclose>\\boxed{\n\\mathrm{2oo3}:\n\\quad\n3\\text{\uac1c \uc911 }2\\text{\uac1c \uace0\uc555 \uac80\ucd9c}\n\\Rightarrow\n\\text{Trip}\n}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\uc7a5\uc810\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\uc13c\uc11c \ud55c \uac1c\uc758 \uc624\ub3d9\uc791\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \ubd88\ud544\uc694\ud55c Trip \uac10\uc18c<\/p><\/li>\n\uc13c\uc11c \ud55c \uac1c \uace0\uc7a5 \uc2dc\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc548\uc804\ud310\uc815 \uac00\ub2a5<\/p><\/li>\n\uc548\uc804\uc131\uacfc \uc6b4\uc804 \uac00\uc6a9\uc131\uc758 \uade0\ud615<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n1oo2 \ucc28\ub2e8\ubc38\ube0c<\/h2>\n\ub450 \ucc28\ub2e8\ubc38\ube0c\uac00 \uc9c1\ub82c\ub85c \uc124\uce58\ub418\uace0 \ub458 \ub2e4 \ud3d0\uc1c4\uba85\ub839\uc744 \ubc1b\ub294\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\uc548\uc804\uae30\ub2a5 \uad00\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub450 \ubc38\ube0c \uc911 \ud558\ub098\uac00 \uc815\uc0c1\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub2eb\ud600\ub3c4 \uc720\ub85c\ub97c \ucc28\ub2e8\ud560\n\uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n1<\/mn>o<\/mi>o<\/mi>2<\/mn><\/mrow>:<\/mo><\/mspace>2<\/mn>\uac1c \uc911 <\/mtext><\/mspace><\/mrow>1<\/mn>\uac1c \uc131\uacf5<\/mtext>\u21d2<\/mo>\uc548\uc804\uae30\ub2a5 \uc131\uacf5<\/mtext><\/mrow><\/menclose>\\boxed{\n\\mathrm{1oo2}:\n\\quad\n2\\text{\uac1c \uc911 }1\\text{\uac1c \uc131\uacf5}\n\\Rightarrow\n\\text{\uc548\uc804\uae30\ub2a5 \uc131\uacf5}\n}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\n2<\/mn>o<\/mi>o<\/mi>3<\/mn><\/mrow>\u2282<\/mo>Voting Architectures<\/mtext><\/mrow>\\mathrm{2oo3}\n\\subset\n\\text{Voting Architectures}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n1<\/mn>o<\/mi>o<\/mi>2<\/mn><\/mrow>\u2282<\/mo>Redundant Final-Element Architectures<\/mtext><\/mrow>\\mathrm{1oo2}\n\\subset\n\\text{Redundant Final-Element Architectures}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\nHIPPS\ub294 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \ubc38\ube0c\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc13c\uc11c, \ub85c\uc9c1 \uc194\ubc84 \ubc0f \uc774\uc911 \ucd5c\uc885\uc694\uc18c\ub85c\n\uad6c\uc131\ub41c \uc548\uc804\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c \uc801\uc6a9\uc0ac\ub840\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n12.12 HIPPS \uc2dc\ud5d8 \uc694\uad6c\uc0ac\ud56d<\/h1>\n\uc555\ub825\uc13c\uc11c \uc2dc\ud5d8<\/h2>\n\uc815\uc0c1\uc0c1\ud0dc\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 2oo3 Voting\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\uc13c\uc11c \ud55c \uac1c\ub97c \uc2dc\ud5d8\ud560 \ub54c\ub294 \ub098\uba38\uc9c0 \ub450 \uc13c\uc11c\ub85c \uc784\uc2dc 1oo2 \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \uad6c\uc131\ud560 \uc218\n\uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\nNormal: <\/mtext><\/mspace><\/mrow>2<\/mn>o<\/mi>o<\/mi>3<\/mn><\/mrow><\/mrow>\\text{Normal: }\\mathrm{2oo3}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\nOne Sensor Under Test: <\/mtext><\/mspace><\/mrow>1<\/mn>o<\/mi>o<\/mi>2<\/mn><\/mrow><\/mrow>\\text{One Sensor Under Test: }\\mathrm{1oo2}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\nVoting \ubcc0\uacbd\uc740 \uc2b9\uc778\ub41c \uc808\ucc28\uc640 Interlock\uc73c\ub85c \uad00\ub9ac\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\ub85c\uc9c1 \uc194\ubc84 \uc2dc\ud5d8<\/h2>\n\ub85c\uc9c1 \uc194\ubc84\uc5d0\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c \uae30\ub2a5\uc774 \uc801\uc6a9\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\nDual Processor<\/p><\/li>\nContinuous Self-Diagnostics<\/p><\/li>\n\uace0\uc7a5 \uac80\ucd9c<\/p><\/li>\n\uc548\uc804\ucd9c\ub825<\/p><\/li>\nRedundant Logic Solver \uc804\ud658<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\ucd5c\uc885\uc694\uc18c \uc2dc\ud5d8<\/h2>\n\ucd5c\uc885\uc694\uc18c\ub294 \uc815\ud574\uc9c4 \uc8fc\uae30\uc5d0 \ub2e4\uc74c \uc2dc\ud5d8\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\nFull Stroke Proof Test<\/p><\/li>\n\uc548\uc804\ub3d9\uc791\uc2dc\uac04 \uc2dc\ud5d8<\/p><\/li>\n\ucc28\ub2e8\uc131\ub2a5\uacfc \ub204\uc124\uc2dc\ud5d8<\/p><\/li>\n\uc6b4\uc804 \uc911 PST<\/p><\/li>\n\uc194\ub808\ub178\uc774\ub4dc\uc640 \uacf5\uae30\uacf5\uae09 \uacc4\ud1b5 \uc2dc\ud5d8<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\nHIPPS Integrity<\/mtext>=<\/mo>Sensor Test<\/mtext>+<\/mo>Logic Test<\/mtext>+<\/mo>Final Element Test<\/mtext><\/mrow><\/menclose>\\boxed{\n\\text{HIPPS Integrity}\n=\n\\text{Sensor Test}\n+\n\\text{Logic Test}\n+\n\\text{Final Element Test}\n}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\nChapter 12 \uc804\uccb4 \uad00\uacc4\ub3c4<\/h1>\n\n\n<\/div>\n\uc8fc\uc694 \uc624\ud574\uc640 \uc815\ud655\ud55c \uad00\uacc4<\/h1>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\uc798\ubabb\ub41c \ud574\uc11d<\/th>\n\uc815\ud655\ud55c \ud574\uc11d<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\nSIS\uc640 SIF\ub294 \uac19\uc740 \uac1c\ub150\uc774\ub2e4.<\/td>\nSIS\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec SIF\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\ub294 \uc0c1\uc704\n\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc774\ub2e4.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\nSIL\uc740 \ubc38\ube0c \ud55c \ub300\uc758 \ub4f1\uae09\uc774\ub2e4.<\/td>\nSIL\uc740 \ud2b9\uc815 SIF\uc5d0 \ud560\ub2f9\ub418\ub294 \uc548\uc804\uc131\ub2a5\n\ubaa9\ud45c\uc774\ub2e4.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\nSIL \uc778\uc99d \ubc38\ube0c\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uba74 SIL\uc744\n\ub2ec\uc131\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/td>\n\uc13c\uc11c\u00b7\ub85c\uc9c1 \uc194\ubc84\u00b7\ucd5c\uc885\uc694\uc18c\uc640 \uc218\uba85\uc8fc\uae30\ub97c \ud568\uaed8\n\uac80\uc99d\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\nBPCS Trip \ub85c\uc9c1\uc774\uba74 \ubaa8\ub450 SIS\uc774\ub2e4.<\/td>\nSIS\ub294 BPCS\uc640 \uae30\ub2a5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub3c5\ub9bd\ub41c \uc548\uc804\uc804\uc6a9\n\uacbd\ub85c\ub97c \uc694\uad6c\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\nValve\uc640 Final Element\ub294 \uac19\uc740\n\uc758\ubbf8\uc774\ub2e4.<\/td>\n\ubc38\ube0c\ub294 \uc561\ucd94\uc5d0\uc774\ud130\uc640 \uacc4\uc7a5\ud488\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\ub294\n\ucd5c\uc885\uc694\uc18c\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80\uc774\ub2e4.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\nPST\ub97c \uc218\ud589\ud558\uba74 Proof Test\uac00 \ud544\uc694\n\uc5c6\ub2e4.<\/td>\nPST\uc758 \uac80\ucd9c\ubc94\uc704\ub294 \uc804\uccb4 Proof Test\ubcf4\ub2e4\n\uc791\ub2e4.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\uc2dc\ud5d8\uc8fc\uae30\uac00 \uae38\uc5b4\uc838\ub3c4 SIL\uc5d0\ub294 \uc601\ud5a5\uc774\n\uc5c6\ub2e4.<\/td>\n\uc2dc\ud5d8\uc8fc\uae30\uac00 \uae38\uc5b4\uc9c0\uba74 \uc228\uc740 \uace0\uc7a5 \ub178\ucd9c\uc2dc\uac04\uacfc\nPFD\uac00 \uc99d\uac00\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\nHIPPS\ub294 \uc548\uc804\ubc38\ube0c\ucc98\ub7fc \uc555\ub825\uc744 \ubc29\ucd9c\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/td>\nHIPPS\ub294 \uace0\uc555\uc6d0\uc744 \ucc28\ub2e8\ud558\uc5ec \ud558\ub958 \uacfc\uc555\uc744\n\uc608\ubc29\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\uc774\uc911\ud654\ub294 \ud56d\uc0c1 HFT \ud5a5\uc0c1\uc744 \ubcf4\uc7a5\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/td>\n\uacf5\ud1b5\uc6d0\uc778\uace0\uc7a5\uacfc \uad6c\uc870\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc2e4\uc81c HFT\uac00\n\ub2ec\ub77c\uc9c4\ub2e4.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\uae30\uc220\uc0ac \ub2f5\uc548\uc6a9 \uc804\uccb4 \uc2a4\ud1a0\ub9ac<\/h1>\n\nHAZOP \ub4f1\uc758 \uacf5\uc815\uc704\ud5d8\ubd84\uc11d\uc73c\ub85c \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \uc2dd\ubcc4\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p><\/li>\nBPCS, \uacbd\ubcf4, Relief Device \ub4f1 \uae30\uc874 \ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35\uacfc \ub3c5\ub9bd\ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35\uc744\n\ud3c9\uac00\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p><\/li>\n\ucd94\uac00 \uc704\ud5d8\uac10\uc18c\uac00 \ud544\uc694\ud558\uba74 \ud2b9\uc815 \uc704\ud5d8\uc5d0 \ub300\uc751\ud558\ub294 SIF\ub97c\n\uc815\uc758\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p><\/li>\n\uc694\uad6c \uc704\ud5d8\uac10\uc18c\ub7c9\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c SIF\uc758 \ubaa9\ud45c SIL\uc744 \uacb0\uc815\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p><\/li>\nSIF\ub97c Sensor, Logic Solver \ubc0f Final Element\ub85c \uc124\uacc4\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p><\/li>\n\uccb4\uacc4\uc801 \ubb34\uacb0\uc131, \uad6c\uc870\uc801 \uc81c\uc57d \ubc0f \ubb34\uc791\uc704 \ubb34\uacb0\uc131\uc744 \ubaa8\ub450\n\uac80\uc99d\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p><\/li>\nSensor, Logic Solver \ubc0f Final Element\uc758 PFD \uae30\uc5ec\ub3c4\ub97c\n\ud3c9\uac00\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p><\/li>\n\ucd5c\uc885\uc694\uc18c\uc758 Full Stroke Proof Test\uc640 PST\ub97c \uacc4\ud68d\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p><\/li>\n\uc2dc\ud5d8\uac04\uaca9, \uc2dc\ud5d8\uacb0\uacfc, \uace0\uc7a5\uc218\ub9ac \ubc0f \ubcc0\uacbd\uc0ac\ud56d\uc744 \uc804\uccb4 \uc218\uba85\uc8fc\uae30 \ub3d9\uc548\n\uad00\ub9ac\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p><\/li>\nHIPPS\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uace0\uc2e0\ub8b0\uc131 \uc801\uc6a9\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 2oo3 \uc13c\uc11c\uc640 1oo2 \ucc28\ub2e8\ubc38\ube0c \ub4f1\n\uc801\uc808\ud55c Voting\uacfc \uc774\uc911\ud654 \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \uc801\uc6a9\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\ucd5c\uc885 \ud575\uc2ec \uad00\uacc4<\/h1>\n\nS<\/mi>I<\/mi>F<\/mi><\/mrow>i<\/mi><\/msub>\u2282<\/mo>S<\/mi>I<\/mi>S<\/mi><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/menclose>\\boxed{\n\\mathrm{SIF}_i\\subset\\mathrm{SIS}\n}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\nS<\/mi>I<\/mi>F<\/mi><\/mrow>=<\/mo>S<\/mi>e<\/mi>n<\/mi>s<\/mi>o<\/mi>r<\/mi><\/mrow>\u2192<\/mo>L<\/mi>S<\/mi><\/mrow>\u2192<\/mo>F<\/mi>E<\/mi><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/menclose>\\boxed{\n\\mathrm{SIF}\n=\n\\mathrm{Sensor}\n\\rightarrow\n\\mathrm{LS}\n\\rightarrow\n\\mathrm{FE}\n}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\nS<\/mi>I<\/mi>L<\/mi><\/mrow>i<\/mi><\/msub>=<\/mo>target<\/mi>⁡<\/mo><\/mrow>(<\/mo>S<\/mi>I<\/mi>F<\/mi><\/mrow>i<\/mi><\/msub>)<\/mo><\/mrow><\/menclose>\\boxed{\n\\mathrm{SIL}_i\n=\n\\operatorname{target}(\\mathrm{SIF}_i)\n}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\nV<\/mi>a<\/mi>l<\/mi>v<\/mi>e<\/mi><\/mrow>\u2282<\/mo>F<\/mi>i<\/mi>n<\/mi>a<\/mi>l<\/mi><\/mspace>E<\/mi>l<\/mi>e<\/mi>m<\/mi>e<\/mi>n<\/mi>t<\/mi><\/mrow>\u2282<\/mo>S<\/mi>I<\/mi>F<\/mi><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/menclose>\\boxed{\n\\mathrm{Valve}\n\\subset\n\\mathrm{Final\\ Element}\n\\subset\n\\mathrm{SIF}\n}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\nB<\/mi>P<\/mi>C<\/mi>S<\/mi><\/mrow>\u2229<\/mo>S<\/mi>I<\/mi>S<\/mi><\/mrow>\u2248<\/mo>\u2300<\/mi><\/mspace>(\uae30\ub2a5\uc801 \ub3c5\ub9bd)<\/mtext><\/mrow><\/menclose>\\boxed{\n\\mathrm{BPCS}\\cap\\mathrm{SIS}\\approx\\varnothing\n\\quad\n\\text{(\uae30\ub2a5\uc801 \ub3c5\ub9bd)}\n}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\nF<\/mi>u<\/mi>l<\/mi>l<\/mi><\/mspace>S<\/mi>t<\/mi>r<\/mi>o<\/mi>k<\/mi>e<\/mi><\/mspace>T<\/mi>e<\/mi>s<\/mi>t<\/mi><\/mrow>\u2282<\/mo>P<\/mi>r<\/mi>o<\/mi>o<\/mi>f<\/mi><\/mspace>T<\/mi>e<\/mi>s<\/mi>t<\/mi><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/menclose>\\boxed{\n\\mathrm{Full\\ Stroke\\ Test}\n\\subset\n\\mathrm{Proof\\ Test}\n}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\nD<\/mi>P<\/mi>S<\/mi>T<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub>\u2282<\/mo>D<\/mi>P<\/mi>r<\/mi>o<\/mi>o<\/mi>f<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/menclose>\\boxed{\nD_{\\mathrm{PST}}\n\\subset\nD_{\\mathrm{Proof}}\n}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\nP<\/mi>F<\/mi>D<\/mi><\/mrow>a<\/mi>v<\/mi>g<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub>\u2193<\/mo>\u21d4<\/mo>R<\/mi>R<\/mi>F<\/mi><\/mrow>\u2191<\/mo>\u21d4<\/mo>S<\/mi>I<\/mi>L<\/mi><\/mrow>\u2191<\/mo><\/mrow><\/menclose>\\boxed{\n\\mathrm{PFD}_{\\mathrm{avg}}\\downarrow\n\\Longleftrightarrow\n\\mathrm{RRF}\\uparrow\n\\Longleftrightarrow\n\\mathrm{SIL}\\uparrow\n}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\nH<\/mi>I<\/mi>P<\/mi>P<\/mi>S<\/mi><\/mrow>\u2282<\/mo>SIS Applications<\/mtext><\/mrow><\/menclose>\\boxed{\n\\mathrm{HIPPS}\n\\subset\n\\text{SIS Applications}\n}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\uacb0\ub860<\/h1>\n\n\uc548\uc804\uacc4\uce21\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc740 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc548\uc804\uacc4\uce21\uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\ub294 \uc0c1\uc704 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\uac01 \uc548\uc804\uacc4\uce21\uae30\ub2a5\uc740 \uc13c\uc11c, \ub85c\uc9c1 \uc194\ubc84 \ubc0f \ucd5c\uc885\uc694\uc18c\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ub418\uba70, \ud2b9\uc815 \uc704\ud5d8\uc5d0\n\ub300\uc751\ud558\ub294 \ub3c5\ub9bd\ub41c \uc548\uc804\uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\uc548\uc804\ubb34\uacb0\uc131\uc218\uc900\uc740 \uc7a5\uce58 \ud55c \ub300\uc758 \uba85\uce6d\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uac01 \uc548\uc804\uacc4\uce21\uae30\ub2a5\uc5d0\n\ud560\ub2f9\ub418\ub294 \uc131\ub2a5\ubaa9\ud45c\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\ucd5c\uc885\uc694\uc18c\ub294 \ubc38\ube0c\ub9cc\uc744 \ub73b\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba70, \ubc38\ube0c, \uc561\ucd94\uc5d0\uc774\ud130, \uc194\ub808\ub178\uc774\ub4dc,\n\ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \ubc38\ube0c \ucee8\ud2b8\ub864\ub7ec \ubc0f \uacf5\uae30\uacf5\uae09 \uacc4\ud1b5\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\ubd80\ubd84 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub85c\ud06c \uc2dc\ud5d8\uc740 \uc77c\ubd80 \uc228\uc740 \uace0\uc7a5\uc744 \uc870\uae30\uc5d0 \uac80\ucd9c\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc804\uccb4\n\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub85c\ud06c\uc640 \ucd5c\uc885 \ucc28\ub2e8\uc131\ub2a5\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud558\ub294 Proof Test\ub97c \uc644\uc804\ud788 \ub300\uccb4\ud558\uc9c0\n\ubabb\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uae30\ub2a5\uc548\uc804\uc740 \uc124\uacc4 \uc2dc\uc810\uc758 SIL \uacc4\uc0b0\uc73c\ub85c \ub05d\ub098\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0,\n\uc2dc\ud5d8\u00b7\uc815\ube44\u00b7\ubcc0\uacbd\uad00\ub9ac\u00b7\ubb38\uc11c\ud654\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c \uc804\uccb4 \uc548\uc804\uc218\uba85\uc8fc\uae30 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc720\uc9c0\ud574\uc57c\n\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\uc8fc\uc694 \ud0a4\ud0dc\uadf8<\/h1>\n\nSafety Instrumented System, Safety Instrumented Function,\nSafety Integrity Level, Probability of Failure on Demand, Final Element,\nProof Test, Partial Stroke Testing, Hardware Fault Tolerance, Protection\nLayer, HIPPS<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\ucc38\uace0\uc790\ub8cc<\/h1>\n\nEmerson, Control Valve Handbook<\/em>, Sixth Edition, Chapter\n12: Safety Instrumented Systems.<\/p><\/li>\nIEC 61508, Functional Safety of Electrical\/Electronic\/\nProgrammable Electronic Safety-Related Systems.<\/p><\/li>\nIEC 61511, Functional Safety\u2014 Safety Instrumented Systems for the\nProcess Industry Sector.<\/p><\/li>\nISA 84 Series, Safety Instrumented Systems for the Process\nIndustry Sector.<\/p><\/li>\nOREDA, Offshore and Onshore Reliability Data.<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/body>\n\n\n\n<\/object>valve-3<\/a>\ub2e4\uc6b4\ub85c\ub4dc<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n{\n \"topic_id\": \"control_valve_sis_sif_sil_final_element_pst_hipps\",\n \"title\": \"Control Valve Handbook Chapter 12 \uc548\uc804\uacc4\uce21\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\",\n \"language\": \"ko\",\n \"document_type\": \"technical_exam_and_ai_knowledge_reference\",\n \"primary_source\": {\n \"name\": \"Emerson Control Valve Handbook\",\n \"edition\": \"Sixth Edition\",\n \"chapter\": 12,\n \"chapter_title\": \"Safety Instrumented Systems\"\n },\n \"purpose\": [\n \"\uc548\uc804\uacc4\uce21\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc758 \uc804\uccb4 \uad6c\uc870 \uc774\ud574\",\n \"SIS, SIF, SIL\uc758 \ucc28\uc774\uc640 \uad00\uacc4 \uc124\uba85\",\n \"\uc13c\uc11c, \ub85c\uc9c1 \uc194\ubc84, \ucd5c\uc885\uc694\uc18c\uc758 \uae30\ub2a5 \uc124\uba85\",\n \"PFDavg\uc640 RRF\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud55c \uc548\uc804\uc131\ub2a5 \uc124\uba85\",\n \"Proof Test\uc640 Partial Stroke Test\uc758 \ucc28\uc774 \uc124\uba85\",\n \"\uc81c\uc5b4\ubc38\ube0c \ucd5c\uc885\uc694\uc18c\uc758 \uc911\uc694\uc131 \uc124\uba85\",\n \"HIPPS\uc758 \uad6c\uc870\uc640 \uacfc\uc555\ubcf4\ud638 \uc6d0\ub9ac \uc124\uba85\",\n \"\uc0b0\uc5c5\uacc4\uce21\uc81c\uc5b4\uae30\uc220\uc0ac \ub2f5\uc548 \uc791\uc131\"\n ],\n \"core_statement\": \"\uacf5\uc815\uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \ubd84\uc11d\ud558\uc5ec \ud2b9\uc815 \uc704\ud5d8\uc5d0 \ub300\uc751\ud558\ub294 SIF\ub97c \uc815\uc758\ud558\uace0 \ubaa9\ud45c SIL\uc744 \ud560\ub2f9\ud55c \ud6c4, \uc13c\uc11c\u00b7\ub85c\uc9c1 \uc194\ubc84\u00b7\ucd5c\uc885\uc694\uc18c\ub85c \uad6c\ud604\ud558\uace0 Proof Test\uc640 PST\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc804\uccb4 \uc548\uc804\uc218\uba85\uc8fc\uae30 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc694\uad6c \uc548\uc804\uc131\ub2a5\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud55c\ub2e4.\",\n \"core_workflow\": [\n \"\uacf5\uc815 \uc704\ud5d8 \uc2dd\ubcc4\",\n \"\uc704\ud5d8\ub3c4 \ud3c9\uac00\",\n \"\uae30\uc874 \ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35\uacfc IPL \ud3c9\uac00\",\n \"\ucd94\uac00 \uc704\ud5d8\uac10\uc18c \uc694\uad6c\ub7c9 \uacb0\uc815\",\n \"SIF \uc815\uc758\",\n \"\ubaa9\ud45c SIL \ud560\ub2f9\",\n \"\uc13c\uc11c\u00b7\ub85c\uc9c1 \uc194\ubc84\u00b7\ucd5c\uc885\uc694\uc18c \uc124\uacc4\",\n \"\uccb4\uacc4\uc801 \ubb34\uacb0\uc131 \uac80\uc99d\",\n \"\uad6c\uc870\uc801 \uc81c\uc57d\uacfc HFT \uac80\uc99d\",\n \"PFDavg \uacc4\uc0b0\",\n \"\uc124\uce58\uc640 \uc2dc\uc6b4\uc804\",\n \"Proof Test\uc640 PST \uc218\ud589\",\n \"\uace0\uc7a5\uc218\ub9ac\uc640 \ubcc0\uacbd\uad00\ub9ac\",\n \"\uae30\ub2a5\uc548\uc804 \uc218\uba85\uc8fc\uae30 \uc720\uc9c0\"\n ],\n \"relationship_notation\": {\n \"purpose\": \"\uc6a9\uc5b4\uc758 \ud3ec\ud568\uad00\uacc4, \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc131, \uacf5\ud1b5\uc601\uc5ed\uacfc \uae30\ub2a5 \ud750\ub984\uc744 \uc27d\uac8c \uc124\uba85\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \uac1c\ub150\uc801 \ud45c\ud604\",\n \"source_status\": \"\ud578\ub4dc\ubd81\uc774\ub098 \uae30\ub2a5\uc548\uc804 \ud45c\uc900\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9c1\uc811 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uc9d1\ud569\ub860\uc801 \uacf5\uc2dd\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc774\ud574\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \uc7ac\uad6c\uc131\",\n \"symbols\": [\n {\n \"symbol\": \"A \u2282 B\",\n \"meaning\": \"A\uac00 B\uc758 \uad6c\uc131\uc694\uc18c \ub610\ub294 \ud558\uc704\uac1c\ub150\",\n \"example\": \"SIF \u2282 SIS\"\n },\n {\n \"symbol\": \"A \u2229 B\",\n \"meaning\": \"A\uc640 B\uac00 \uc77c\ubd80 \ubaa9\uc801 \ub610\ub294 \uc601\uc5ed\uc744 \uacf5\uc720\",\n \"example\": \"HIPPS\uc640 Relief System\uc740 \uacfc\uc555\ubcf4\ud638 \ubaa9\uc801\uc744 \uacf5\uc720\"\n },\n {\n \"symbol\": \"A \u2229 B \u2248 \u2205\",\n \"meaning\": \"\ub450 \uae30\ub2a5\uacbd\ub85c\ub97c \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \ud55c \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\",\n \"example\": \"BPCS\uc640 SIS\uc758 \uae30\ub2a5\uc801 \ub3c5\ub9bd\"\n },\n {\n \"symbol\": \"A \u2192 B\",\n \"meaning\": \"\uc815\ubcf4\ub098 \ub3d9\uc791\uc758 \uc804\ub2ec\ubc29\ud5a5\",\n \"example\": \"Sensor \u2192 Logic Solver \u2192 Final Element\"\n },\n {\n \"symbol\": \"A = attribute(B)\",\n \"meaning\": \"A\uac00 B\uc758 \uad6c\uc131\ud488\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c B\uc5d0 \ud560\ub2f9\ub418\ub294 \uc18d\uc131\",\n \"example\": \"SIL = target attribute of SIF\"\n },\n {\n \"symbol\": \"D_A \u2282 D_B\",\n \"meaning\": \"A\uac00 \uac80\ucd9c\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uace0\uc7a5\ubc94\uc704\uac00 B\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc791\uc74c\",\n \"example\": \"PST \uac80\ucd9c\ubc94\uc704 \u2282 Full Proof Test \uac80\ucd9c\ubc94\uc704\"\n }\n ]\n },\n \"protection_layer_model\": {\n \"plant_safety\": {\n \"definition\": \"\uc0ac\uace0\ub97c \uc608\ubc29\ud558\uace0 \uc0ac\uace0 \ubc1c\uc0dd \ud6c4 \ud53c\ud574\ub97c \uc644\ud654\ud558\ub294 \uc804\uccb4 \uc548\uc804\ud65c\ub3d9\",\n \"conceptual_relation\": \"Plant Safety = Prevention Layers \u222a Mitigation Layers\"\n },\n \"prevention_layers\": [\n {\n \"name\": \"Basic Process Control System\",\n \"abbreviation\": \"BPCS\",\n \"role\": \"\uc815\uc0c1 \uacf5\uc815\ubcc0\uc218\ub97c \uc81c\uc5b4\ud558\uc5ec \uacf5\uc815\uc744 \uc124\uacc4\uc6b4\uc804\ubc94\uc704\uc5d0 \uc720\uc9c0\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"Alarm and Operator Intervention\",\n \"role\": \"\uacbd\ubcf4 \ud6c4 \uc6b4\uc804\uc790\uac00 \uc704\ud5d8\uc9c4\ud589\uc744 \ucc28\ub2e8\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"Safety Instrumented System\",\n \"abbreviation\": \"SIS\",\n \"role\": \"\uc704\ud5d8\uc0c1\ud0dc\ub97c \uac80\ucd9c\ud558\uc5ec \uacf5\uc815\uc744 \uc548\uc804\uc0c1\ud0dc\ub85c \uc804\ud658\"\n }\n ],\n \"mitigation_layers\": [\n {\n \"name\": \"Active Protection\",\n \"examples\": [\n \"relief valve\",\n \"rupture disk\",\n \"fire and gas system\"\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"Passive Protection\",\n \"examples\": [\n \"containment\",\n \"dike\",\n \"blast wall\"\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"Emergency Response\",\n \"examples\": [\n \"evacuation\",\n \"firefighting\",\n \"emergency procedures\"\n ]\n }\n ],\n \"important_relation\": \"SIS\ub294 \uc804\uccb4 \ud50c\ub79c\ud2b8 \uc548\uc804\uc758 \ubd80\ubd84\uc9d1\ud569\uc774\uba70 \uc5ec\ub7ec \ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\uc774\ub2e4.\"\n },\n \"terms\": {\n \"BPCS\": {\n \"full_name\": \"Basic Process Control System\",\n \"korean\": \"\uae30\ubcf8\uacf5\uc815\uc81c\uc5b4\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\",\n \"definition\": \"\uc815\uc0c1\uc6b4\uc804 \uc911 \uc555\ub825, \uc628\ub3c4, \uc720\ub7c9, \ub808\ubca8 \ub4f1\uc744 \ubaa9\ud45c\uac12\uc5d0 \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \uacf5\uc815\uc81c\uc5b4\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\",\n \"primary_objectives\": [\n \"\uacf5\uc815 \uc548\uc815\",\n \"\uc81c\ud488 \ud488\uc9c8\",\n \"\uc0dd\uc0b0\ub7c9\",\n \"\ud6a8\uc728\"\n ],\n \"relationship_to_SIS\": {\n \"shared_domain\": \"\ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \uacf5\uc815\uacfc \uacf5\uc815\ubcc0\uc218\ub97c \ub2e4\ub8f0 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\",\n \"required_separation\": \"\uc548\uc804\uae30\ub2a5 \uc218\ud589\uacbd\ub85c\ub294 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \ud55c \ub3c5\ub9bd\",\n \"conceptual_expression\": \"BPCS \u2229 SIS \u2248 \u2205 for functional independence\"\n }\n },\n \"SIS\": {\n \"full_name\": \"Safety Instrumented System\",\n \"korean\": \"\uc548\uc804\uacc4\uce21\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\",\n \"definition\": \"\uc704\ud5d8\uc0c1\ud0dc\ub97c \uac80\ucd9c\ud558\uc5ec \uacf5\uc815\uc744 \uc0ac\uc804\uc5d0 \uc815\uc758\ud55c \uc548\uc804\uc0c1\ud0dc\ub85c \uc804\ud658\ud558\ub294 \uc804\uc6a9 \uacc4\uce21\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\",\n \"primary_objective\": \"\uc704\ud5d8\uac10\uc18c\",\n \"contains\": [\n \"one or more SIFs\"\n ],\n \"conceptual_expression\": \"SIS = {SIF_1, SIF_2, ..., SIF_n}\",\n \"important_note\": \"SIS\ub294 \uc815\uc0c1 \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc81c\uc5b4\ub97c \uc8fc\ubaa9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\ub294 BPCS\uc640 \uad6c\ubd84\ud55c\ub2e4.\"\n },\n \"SIF\": {\n \"full_name\": \"Safety Instrumented Function\",\n \"korean\": \"\uc548\uc804\uacc4\uce21\uae30\ub2a5\",\n \"definition\": \"\ud558\ub098\uc758 \ud2b9\uc815 \uc704\ud5d8\uc5d0 \ub300\uc751\ud558\uc5ec \uacf5\uc815\uc744 \uc548\uc804\uc0c1\ud0dc\ub85c \uc804\ud658\ud558\ub294 \uc644\uacb0\ub41c \uc548\uc804\uae30\ub2a5\",\n \"examples\": [\n \"\ubc18\uc751\uae30 \uace0\uc555 \uc2dc \uc6d0\ub8cc\uacf5\uae09\ubc38\ube0c \ud3d0\uc1c4\",\n \"\ud0f1\ud06c \uace0\uace0\uc561\uc704 \uc2dc \uc720\uc785\ubc38\ube0c \ud3d0\uc1c4\",\n \"\ud654\uc5fc \uc18c\uc2e4 \uc2dc \uc5f0\ub8cc\uac00\uc2a4\ubc38\ube0c \ud3d0\uc1c4\",\n \"\uacfc\uc555 \uc2dc Blowdown Valve \uac1c\ubc29\"\n ],\n \"components\": [\n \"Sensor Subsystem\",\n \"Logic Solver\",\n \"Final Element Subsystem\"\n ],\n \"relationship_to_SIS\": \"SIF \u2282 SIS\",\n \"relationship_to_SIL\": \"SIL\uc740 SIF\uc758 \uad6c\uc131\ud488\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c SIF\uc5d0 \ud560\ub2f9\ub418\ub294 \uc131\ub2a5\ubaa9\ud45c\"\n },\n \"SIL\": {\n \"full_name\": \"Safety Integrity Level\",\n \"korean\": \"\uc548\uc804\ubb34\uacb0\uc131\uc218\uc900\",\n \"definition\": \"\ud2b9\uc815 SIF\uac00 \ub2ec\uc131\ud574\uc57c \ud558\ub294 \uc704\ud5d8\uac10\uc18c \uc131\ub2a5\uc758 \ub4f1\uae09\",\n \"relationship\": \"SIL = target attribute of SIF\",\n \"not_equal_to\": [\n \"SIS\",\n \"SIF\",\n \"valve\",\n \"individual device certification\"\n ],\n \"important_expression\": \"\ud2b9\uc815 SIF\uc5d0 SIL \ubaa9\ud45c\uac00 \ud560\ub2f9\ub418\uace0 \uac01 \uad6c\uc131\uc694\uc18c\uac00 \uadf8 \ubaa9\ud45c \ub2ec\uc131\uc5d0 \uae30\uc5ec\ud55c\ub2e4.\"\n },\n \"Sensor\": {\n \"korean\": \"\uc13c\uc11c \ub610\ub294 \uc13c\uc11c \ud558\uc704\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\",\n \"definition\": \"\uacf5\uc815\uc774 \uc704\ud5d8\uc0c1\ud0dc\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ub2ec\ud588\ub294\uc9c0\ub97c \uce21\uc815\ud558\ub294 SIF\uc758 \uc785\ub825\uc601\uc5ed\",\n \"examples\": [\n \"pressure transmitter\",\n \"temperature transmitter\",\n \"level switch\",\n \"flow transmitter\",\n \"gas detector\"\n ],\n \"relationship\": \"Sensor \u2282 SIF\",\n \"functional_question\": \"\uacf5\uc815\uc774 \uc704\ud5d8\uc0c1\ud0dc\uc778\uac00?\"\n },\n \"LS\": {\n \"full_name\": \"Logic Solver\",\n \"korean\": \"\ub85c\uc9c1 \uc194\ubc84\",\n \"definition\": \"\uc13c\uc11c \uc2e0\ud638\ub97c \ud310\uc815\ud558\uc5ec \ucd5c\uc885\uc694\uc18c\uc5d0 Trip \uba85\ub839\uc744 \uc804\ub2ec\ud558\ub294 SIF \uad6c\uc131\uc694\uc18c\",\n \"functions\": [\n \"Trip \uc124\uc815\uac12 \ube44\uad50\",\n \"Voting Logic\",\n \"Interlock\",\n \"Time Delay\",\n \"\ucd5c\uc885\uc694\uc18c \ucd9c\ub825\",\n \"\uc0c1\ud0dc\uc640 \uacbd\ubcf4 \uae30\ub85d\"\n ],\n \"relationship\": \"Sensor \u2192 Logic Solver \u2192 Final Element\"\n },\n \"FE\": {\n \"full_name\": \"Final Element\",\n \"alternative_name\": \"Final Control Element\",\n \"korean\": \"\ucd5c\uc885\uc694\uc18c \ub610\ub294 \ucd5c\uc885\uc81c\uc5b4\uc694\uc18c\",\n \"definition\": \"\ub85c\uc9c1 \uc194\ubc84\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8\uc744 \uc2e4\uc81c \uacf5\uc815\uc758 \ucc28\ub2e8, \uac1c\ubc29, \uac10\uc555 \ub610\ub294 \uaca9\ub9ac \ub3d9\uc791\uc73c\ub85c \ubcc0\ud658\ud558\ub294 \ud558\uc704\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\",\n \"composition\": [\n \"valve\",\n \"actuator\",\n \"solenoid valve\",\n \"digital valve controller\",\n \"limit switch\",\n \"position transmitter\",\n \"volume booster\",\n \"air tubing\",\n \"instrument air accessories\"\n ],\n \"conceptual_relation\": \"Valve \u2282 Final Element \u2282 SIF\",\n \"important_note\": \"\ubc38\ube0c \ud55c \ub300\uc640 \ucd5c\uc885\uc694\uc18c \uc804\uccb4\ub97c \uac19\uc740 \uac1c\ub150\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uba74 \uc548 \ub41c\ub2e4.\"\n },\n \"IPL\": {\n \"full_name\": \"Independent Protection Layer\",\n \"korean\": \"\ub3c5\ub9bd\ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35\",\n \"definition\": \"\ub2e4\ub978 \ubcf4\ud638\uc218\ub2e8\uc758 \uc2e4\ud328\uc640 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \uac10\uc18c\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35\",\n \"relationship_to_protection_layers\": \"IPL \u2282 Protection Layers\",\n \"relationship_to_SIF\": \"\ud2b9\uc815 SIF\uac00 \ud558\ub098\uc758 IPL \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\ub098 SIF\uc640 IPL\uc740 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \uac1c\ub150\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4.\",\n \"distinction\": {\n \"SIF\": \"\uacc4\uce21\uae30\ubc18 \uc548\uc804\uae30\ub2a5\",\n \"IPL\": \"\ub3c5\ub9bd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \uac10\uc18c\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35\uc758 \uc790\uaca9 \ub610\ub294 \ubd84\ub958\"\n }\n },\n \"PHA\": {\n \"full_name\": \"Process Hazard Analysis\",\n \"korean\": \"\uacf5\uc815\uc704\ud5d8\ubd84\uc11d\",\n \"definition\": \"\uacf5\uc815\uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \uc2dd\ubcc4\ud558\uace0 \uc704\ud5d8\ub3c4\uc640 \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uc704\ud5d8\uac10\uc18c\ub7c9\uc744 \ud3c9\uac00\ud558\ub294 \uc0c1\uc704 \ubd84\uc11d\ud65c\ub3d9\",\n \"includes_methods\": [\n \"HAZOP\",\n \"What-if\",\n \"Checklist\",\n \"other hazard analysis methods\"\n ]\n },\n \"HAZOP\": {\n \"full_name\": \"Hazard and Operability Study\",\n \"korean\": \"\uc704\ud5d8 \ubc0f \uc6b4\uc804\uc131 \uac80\ud1a0\",\n \"definition\": \"\ub2e4\ubd84\uc57c \ud300\uc774 \uacf5\uc815\uc758 \uc124\uacc4\uc758\ub3c4\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc97\uc5b4\ub098\ub294 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub97c Guide Word\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uccb4\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc2dd\ubcc4\ud558\ub294 \ubd84\uc11d\ubc29\ubc95\",\n \"relationship\": \"HAZOP \u2282 PHA Techniques\",\n \"example_deviations\": [\n \"No Flow\",\n \"More Pressure\",\n \"Less Temperature\",\n \"Reverse Flow\"\n ]\n },\n \"PFD\": {\n \"full_name\": \"Probability of Failure on Demand\",\n \"korean\": \"\uc694\uad6c \uc2dc \uace0\uc7a5\ud655\ub960\",\n \"definition\": \"\uc548\uc804\uae30\ub2a5\uc774 \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \uc694\uad6c\ub410\uc744 \ub54c \ud574\ub2f9 SIF\uac00 \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud560 \ud655\ub960\",\n \"translation_warning\": \"\uc555\ub825\ucc28\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc548\uc804\uae30\ub2a5 \uc2e4\ud328\ud655\ub960\uc774\ub2e4.\"\n },\n \"PFDavg\": {\n \"full_name\": \"Average Probability of Failure on Demand\",\n \"korean\": \"\ud3c9\uade0 \uc694\uad6c \uc2dc \uace0\uc7a5\ud655\ub960\",\n \"definition\": \"Proof Test\uc640 \ub2e4\uc74c Proof Test \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcc0\ud654\ud558\ub294 PFD\ub97c \uc2dc\uac04\ud3c9\uade0\ud55c \uac12\",\n \"performance_relation\": \"PFDavg\uac00 \ub0ae\uc744\uc218\ub85d \uc694\uad6c \uc2dc \uc131\uacf5 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc774 \ub192\ub2e4.\"\n },\n \"RRF\": {\n \"full_name\": \"Risk Reduction Factor\",\n \"korean\": \"\uc704\ud5d8\uac10\uc18c\uacc4\uc218\",\n \"definition\": \"SIF\uac00 \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\ub294 \uc704\ud5d8\uac10\uc18c \uc131\ub2a5\uc744 \ubc30\uc218\ub85c \ud45c\ud604\ud55c \uac12\",\n \"formula\": \"RRF = 1 \/ PFDavg\",\n \"relationship\": \"PFDavg \uac10\uc18c \u2194 RRF \uc99d\uac00 \u2194 \ub192\uc740 SIL \ubc94\uc704\"\n },\n \"HFT\": {\n \"full_name\": \"Hardware Fault Tolerance\",\n \"korean\": \"\ud558\ub4dc\uc6e8\uc5b4 \uace0\uc7a5\ud5c8\uc6a9\ub3c4\",\n \"definition\": \"\ud558\ub4dc\uc6e8\uc5b4 \uace0\uc7a5\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud574\ub3c4 \uc548\uc804\uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uacc4\uc18d \uc218\ud589\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc815\ub3c4\",\n \"levels\": {\n \"HFT 0\": \"\ud558\ub098\uc758 \uad00\ub828 \ud558\ub4dc\uc6e8\uc5b4 \uace0\uc7a5\uc73c\ub85c \uae30\ub2a5 \uc0c1\uc2e4 \uac00\ub2a5\",\n \"HFT 1\": \"\ud558\ub098\uc758 \uad00\ub828 \ud558\ub4dc\uc6e8\uc5b4 \uace0\uc7a5\uc774 \uc788\uc5b4\ub3c4 \uae30\ub2a5 \uc720\uc9c0\",\n \"HFT 2\": \"\ub450 \uac1c\uc758 \uad00\ub828 \ud558\ub4dc\uc6e8\uc5b4 \uace0\uc7a5\uc774 \uc788\uc5b4\ub3c4 \uae30\ub2a5 \uc720\uc9c0\"\n },\n \"relationship_to_redundancy\": \"Redundancy\ub294 \uc124\uacc4\uc218\ub2e8\uc774\uace0 HFT\ub294 \uc2e4\uc81c \uace0\uc7a5\ud5c8\uc6a9 \uc131\ub2a5\uc774\ub2e4.\",\n \"important_note\": \"\uc911\ubcf5\uc124\uacc4\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c HFT\uac00 \uc790\ub3d9 \ubcf4\uc7a5\ub418\uc9c0\ub294 \uc54a\uc73c\uba70 \uacf5\ud1b5\uc6d0\uc778\uace0\uc7a5\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.\"\n },\n \"TI\": {\n \"full_name\": \"Test Interval\",\n \"korean\": \"\uc2dc\ud5d8\uac04\uaca9\",\n \"definition\": \"Proof Test\uc640 \ub2e4\uc74c Proof Test \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04\",\n \"relationship\": \"TI \uc99d\uac00 \u2192 \uc228\uc740 \uace0\uc7a5 \ub178\ucd9c\uc2dc\uac04 \uc99d\uac00 \u2192 PFDavg \uc99d\uac00 \uac00\ub2a5\",\n \"simplified_handbook_relation\": \"\ub2e4\ub978 \uc870\uac74\uc774 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \ub2e8\uc21c\ubaa8\ub378\uc5d0\uc11c TI\uac00 \ub450 \ubc30\uac00 \ub418\uba74 PFD\ub3c4 \ub300\ub7b5 \ub450 \ubc30\uac00 \ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.\"\n },\n \"Proof_Test\": {\n \"korean\": \"\uac80\uc99d\uc2dc\ud5d8 \ub610\ub294 \uc131\ub2a5\ud655\uc778\uc2dc\ud5d8\",\n \"definition\": \"\uc815\uc0c1\uc9c4\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c \ubc1c\uacac\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc704\ud5d8\uace0\uc7a5\uc744 \ucc3e\uc544 \uc548\uc804\uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uac80\uc99d\ud558\ub294 \uc2dc\ud5d8\",\n \"possible_scope\": [\n \"\uc678\uad00\uac80\uc0ac\",\n \"\uc804\uccb4 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub85c\ud06c\",\n \"\uc548\uc804\ubc29\ud5a5 \ud655\uc778\",\n \"\uc548\uc804\ub3d9\uc791\uc2dc\uac04\",\n \"\uc2dc\ud2b8 \ub204\uc124\",\n \"\uc194\ub808\ub178\uc774\ub4dc\uc640 \uacf5\uae30\uacc4\ud1b5 \ud655\uc778\"\n ],\n \"relationship_to_full_stroke\": \"Full Stroke Test \u2282 Proof Test\"\n },\n \"Full_Stroke_Test\": {\n \"korean\": \"\uc804\uccb4 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub85c\ud06c \uc2dc\ud5d8 \ub610\ub294 \uc804 \ud589\uc815\uc2dc\ud5d8\",\n \"definition\": \"\ubc38\ube0c\ub97c \uc815\uc0c1\uc704\uce58\uc5d0\uc11c \ucd5c\uc885 \uc548\uc804\uc704\uce58\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc644\uc804\ud788 \uc774\ub3d9\uc2dc\ucf1c \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud558\ub294 \uc2dc\ud5d8\",\n \"detectable_items\": [\n \"\uc804\uccb4 \uc774\ub3d9 \uac00\ub2a5 \uc5ec\ubd80\",\n \"\ucd5c\uc885 \uc548\uc804\uc704\uce58 \ub3c4\ub2ec\",\n \"\uc804\uccb4 \uc774\ub3d9\uc2dc\uac04\",\n \"\uc911\uac04\uad6c\uac04 \uace0\ucc29\",\n \"\uc2dc\ud2b8 \uc811\ucd09\"\n ]\n },\n \"PST\": {\n \"full_name\": \"Partial Stroke Testing\",\n \"alternative_name\": \"Partial Stroke Test\",\n \"korean\": \"\ubd80\ubd84 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub85c\ud06c \uc2dc\ud5d8 \ub610\ub294 \ubd80\ubd84\ud589\uc815\uc2dc\ud5d8\",\n \"definition\": \"\ubc38\ube0c\ub97c \uc804\uccb4 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub85c\ud06c\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80\ub9cc \uc774\ub3d9\uc2dc\ud0a8 \ud6c4 \uc6d0\ub798 \uc704\uce58\ub85c \ubcf5\uadc0\uc2dc\ucf1c \uc77c\ubd80 \uc228\uc740 \uace0\uc7a5\uc744 \uac80\ucd9c\ud558\ub294 \uc2dc\ud5d8\",\n \"typical_travel\": \"\uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc57d 10%, \ud50c\ub79c\ud2b8 \uc548\uc804\uc870\uac74\uc774 \ud5c8\uc6a9\ud558\uba74 \ub354 \ud070 \ubc94\uc704\ub97c \uc801\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\",\n \"detectable_faults\": [\n \"\uc2a4\ud15c \ub610\ub294 \uc0e4\ud504\ud2b8 \uace0\ucc29\",\n \"\ud328\ud0b9 \ub9c8\ucc30 \uc99d\uac00\",\n \"\uc561\ucd94\uc5d0\uc774\ud130 \uc774\uc0c1\",\n \"\uacf5\uae30\ubc30\uad00 \ub9c9\ud798\",\n \"\uacf5\uae30 \ub204\uc124\",\n \"\uc548\uc804\ubc29\ud5a5 \ucd08\uae30 \uc774\ub3d9 \uc2e4\ud328\"\n ],\n \"limitations\": [\n \"\uc804\uccb4 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub85c\ud06c \ubbf8\uac80\uc99d\",\n \"\ucd5c\uc885 \uc548\uc804\uc704\uce58 \ub3c4\ub2ec \ubbf8\uac80\uc99d \uac00\ub2a5\",\n \"\ucd5c\uc885 Seat \uc811\ucd09 \ubbf8\uac80\uc99d\",\n \"\uc644\uc804 \ucc28\ub2e8\ub204\uc124 \ubbf8\uac80\uc99d\",\n \"PST \uc774\ub3d9\ubc94\uc704 \ubc16\uc758 \uad6d\ubd80\uace0\ucc29 \ubbf8\uac80\uc99d\",\n \"\uc804\uccb4 \uc774\ub3d9\uc2dc\uac04 \ubbf8\uac80\uc99d\"\n ],\n \"relationship\": \"PST \uac80\ucd9c\ubc94\uc704 \u2282 Full Proof Test \uac80\ucd9c\ubc94\uc704\",\n \"important_note\": \"PST\ub294 Full Stroke Proof Test\ub97c \uc644\uc804\ud788 \ub300\uccb4\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4.\"\n },\n \"DC\": {\n \"full_name\": \"Diagnostic Coverage\",\n \"korean\": \"\uc9c4\ub2e8\ucee4\ubc84\ub9ac\uc9c0 \ub610\ub294 \uc9c4\ub2e8\uac80\ucd9c\ubc94\uc704\",\n \"definition\": \"\uc804\uccb4 \uc704\ud5d8\uace0\uc7a5 \uc911 \uc9c4\ub2e8 \ub610\ub294 \uc2dc\ud5d8\uc774 \uac80\ucd9c\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uace0\uc7a5\uc758 \ube44\uc728\",\n \"conceptual_formula\": \"DC = \uac80\ucd9c \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uc704\ud5d8\uace0\uc7a5\ub960 \/ \uc804\uccb4 \uc704\ud5d8\uace0\uc7a5\ub960\",\n \"relationship_to_PST\": \"PST\uc758 PFD \uac10\uc18c\ud6a8\uacfc\ub294 PST \uc8fc\uae30\uc640 Diagnostic Coverage\uc5d0 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubc1b\ub294\ub2e4.\"\n },\n \"ESD\": {\n \"full_name\": \"Emergency Shutdown\",\n \"korean\": \"\ube44\uc0c1\uc815\uc9c0 \ub610\ub294 \ube44\uc0c1\ucc28\ub2e8\",\n \"definition\": \"\uc704\ud5d8\uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c \uacf5\uc815\uc758 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uc640 \uc704\ud5d8\ubb3c\uc9c8 \uacf5\uae09\uc744 \ucc28\ub2e8\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uc124\ube44\ub97c \uaca9\ub9ac\ud558\ub294 \uc548\uc804\ub3d9\uc791\",\n \"relationship\": \"ESD Valve \u2282 Final Elements\",\n \"important_note\": \"ESD Valve \ud558\ub098\uac00 \uc804\uccb4 SIF\ub97c \uc758\ubbf8\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4.\"\n },\n \"BDV\": {\n \"full_name\": \"Blowdown Valve\",\n \"korean\": \"\ube44\uc0c1\uac10\uc555\ubc38\ube0c \ub610\ub294 \ube14\ub85c\ub2e4\uc6b4 \ubc38\ube0c\",\n \"definition\": \"\uc548\uc804\uc694\uad6c \uc2dc \uc5f4\ub824 \uc124\ube44 \uc555\ub825\uc744 \uc548\uc804\ud55c \ucc98\ub9ac\uacc4\ud1b5\uc73c\ub85c \ub0ae\ucd94\ub294 \ucd5c\uc885\uc694\uc18c\",\n \"relationship\": \"BDV \u2282 Final Elements\",\n \"typical_fail_action\": \"Fail-Open, subject to hazard analysis\"\n },\n \"OREDA\": {\n \"full_name\": \"Offshore and Onshore Reliability Data\",\n \"korean\": \"\ud574\uc0c1\u00b7\uc721\uc0c1 \uc124\ube44 \uc2e0\ub8b0\uc131 \ub370\uc774\ud130\",\n \"definition\": \"\uc7a5\uce58 \uace0\uc7a5\ub960\uacfc \uc2e0\ub8b0\uc131 \ubd84\uc11d\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uc0b0\uc5c5 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ucd9c\ucc98\",\n \"relationship\": \"OREDA \u2192 Failure Rate Data \u2192 PFDavg Calculation\",\n \"not_a_component\": \"SIS \uad6c\uc131\ud488\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc2e0\ub8b0\uc131 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ucd9c\ucc98\"\n },\n \"HIPPS\": {\n \"full_name\": \"High-Integrity Pressure Protection System\",\n \"korean\": \"\uace0\uc2e0\ub8b0\uc131 \uc555\ub825\ubcf4\ud638\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\",\n \"definition\": \"\uace0\uc555\uce21\uc758 \uc555\ub825\uc774 \uc800\uc555\uce21\uc73c\ub85c \uc804\ub2ec\ub418\uae30 \uc804\uc5d0 \uace0\uc555\uc6d0\uc744 \ucc28\ub2e8\ud558\uc5ec \ud558\ub958 \uacfc\uc555\uc744 \uc608\ubc29\ud558\ub294 \uc548\uc804\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\",\n \"relationship_to_SIS\": \"HIPPS\ub294 SIS\uc758 \ub300\ud45c\uc801\uc778 \uc801\uc6a9\ud615\ud0dc\",\n \"typical_components\": [\n \"multiple pressure sensors\",\n \"logic solver\",\n \"redundant isolation valves\"\n ],\n \"basic_sequence\": [\n \"\uace0\uc555 \uac80\ucd9c\",\n \"Voting Logic \ud310\uc815\",\n \"Trip \ucd9c\ub825\",\n \"\uace0\uc555\uc6d0 \ucc28\ub2e8\",\n \"\ud558\ub958\uacc4\ud1b5 \uacfc\uc555 \ubc29\uc9c0\"\n ]\n },\n \"MooN\": {\n \"full_name\": \"M out of N\",\n \"korean\": \"N\uac1c \uc911 M\uac1c \ub3d9\uc791\ub17c\ub9ac\",\n \"definition\": \"N\uac1c \ucc44\ub110 \uc911 \ucd5c\uc18c M\uac1c\uac00 \uc870\uac74\uc744 \ub9cc\uc871\ud558\uba74 \uc548\uc804\ub3d9\uc791\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud558\ub294 Voting Architecture\",\n \"examples\": [\n \"1oo1\",\n \"1oo2\",\n \"2oo3\"\n ]\n },\n \"1oo1\": {\n \"full_name\": \"One out of One\",\n \"korean\": \"1\uac1c \uc911 1\uac1c \ub3d9\uc791\",\n \"definition\": \"\ud558\ub098\uc758 \ucc44\ub110\uc774 \uc548\uc804\uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud558\ub294 \ub2e8\uc77c\ucc44\ub110 \uad6c\uc870\",\n \"general_characteristic\": \"\uad6c\uc870\uac00 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ub2e8\uc77c \uace0\uc7a5\uc774 \uc548\uc804\uc131\uacfc \uac00\uc6a9\uc131\uc5d0 \uc9c1\uc811 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \uc904 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.\"\n },\n \"1oo2\": {\n \"full_name\": \"One out of Two\",\n \"korean\": \"2\uac1c \uc911 1\uac1c \uc131\uacf5 \uad6c\uc870\",\n \"definition\": \"\ub450 \ucc44\ub110 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\uac00 \uc694\uad6c \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uc131\uacf5\ud558\uba74 \uc548\uc804\uae30\ub2a5\uc774 \uc131\uacf5\ud558\ub294 \uad6c\uc870\",\n \"HIPPS_example\": \"\uc9c1\ub82c \uc124\uce58\ub41c \ub450 \ucc28\ub2e8\ubc38\ube0c \uc911 \ud558\ub098\uac00 \uc815\uc0c1\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub2eb\ud600\ub3c4 \uc720\ub85c \ucc28\ub2e8 \uac00\ub2a5\",\n \"relationship\": \"1oo2 \u2282 Redundant Architectures\"\n },\n \"2oo3\": {\n \"full_name\": \"Two out of Three\",\n \"korean\": \"3\uac1c \uc911 2\uac1c Voting\",\n \"definition\": \"\uc138 \uac1c \uc785\ub825 \uc911 \ub450 \uac1c\uac00 Trip \uc870\uac74\uc744 \ub9cc\uc871\ud558\uba74 \uc548\uc804\ub3d9\uc791\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud558\ub294 \uad6c\uc870\",\n \"HIPPS_example\": \"\uc138 \uac1c \uc555\ub825\uc13c\uc11c \uc911 \ub450 \uac1c\uac00 \uace0\uc555\uc744 \uac80\ucd9c\ud558\uba74 Trip\",\n \"advantages\": [\n \"\uc13c\uc11c \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc624\ub3d9\uc791\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \ubd88\ud544\uc694\ud55c Trip \uac10\uc18c\",\n \"\uc13c\uc11c \ud558\ub098 \uace0\uc7a5 \uc2dc\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ud310\ub2e8 \uac00\ub2a5\",\n \"\uc548\uc804\uc131\uacfc \uc6b4\uc804 \uac00\uc6a9\uc131\uc758 \uade0\ud615\"\n ],\n \"relationship\": \"2oo3 \u2282 Voting Architectures\"\n }\n },\n \"sis_sif_sil_relationship\": {\n \"hierarchy\": [\n \"Plant Safety\",\n \"Protection Layers\",\n \"SIS\",\n \"SIF\",\n \"Sensor \/ Logic Solver \/ Final Element\"\n ],\n \"performance_assignment\": \"\uac01 SIF\uc5d0 \ubaa9\ud45c SIL\uc774 \ud560\ub2f9\ub41c\ub2e4.\",\n \"conceptual_model\": {\n \"system\": \"SIS = {SIF_1, SIF_2, ..., SIF_n}\",\n \"function\": \"SIF = Sensor \u2192 Logic Solver \u2192 Final Element\",\n \"target\": \"SIL_i = target(SIF_i)\"\n },\n \"example\": [\n {\n \"sif\": \"SIF-1 \ubc18\uc751\uae30 \uace0\uc555 \uc6d0\ub8cc\ucc28\ub2e8\",\n \"target\": \"SIL 2\"\n },\n {\n \"sif\": \"SIF-2 \ubc18\uc751\uae30 \uace0\uc628 \uc5f4\uc6d0\ucc28\ub2e8\",\n \"target\": \"SIL 1\"\n },\n {\n \"sif\": \"SIF-3 \ub3c5\uc131\ubb3c\uc9c8 \uae34\uae09\uaca9\ub9ac\",\n \"target\": \"SIL 3\"\n }\n ]\n },\n \"safe_state_and_failure_behavior\": {\n \"safe_state\": {\n \"definition\": \"\uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \ud5c8\uc6a9 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uc218\uc900\uc73c\ub85c \ub0ae\ucd94\ub294 \uacf5\uc815\uc0c1\ud0dc\",\n \"important_note\": \"\uc548\uc804\uc0c1\ud0dc\uac00 \ud56d\uc0c1 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ubc38\ube0c\uc758 \ud3d0\uc1c4\ub97c \uc758\ubbf8\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4.\",\n \"examples\": [\n {\n \"hazard\": \"\uac00\uc5f0\uc131 \uc6d0\ub8cc \uacfc\ub2e4\uacf5\uae09\",\n \"safe_action\": \"\uc6d0\ub8cc\ubc38\ube0c \ud3d0\uc1c4\"\n },\n {\n \"hazard\": \"\ub0c9\uac01 \uc0c1\uc2e4\",\n \"safe_action\": \"\ube44\uc0c1\ub0c9\uac01\ubc38\ube0c \uac1c\ubc29\"\n },\n {\n \"hazard\": \"\uc6a9\uae30 \uacfc\uc555\",\n \"safe_action\": \"BDV \uac1c\ubc29\"\n },\n {\n \"hazard\": \"\uace0\uc555\uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc800\uc555\uacc4\ud1b5\uc73c\ub85c \uc720\uc785\",\n \"safe_action\": \"HIPPS \ucc28\ub2e8\ubc38\ube0c \ud3d0\uc1c4\"\n }\n ]\n },\n \"fail_safe\": {\n \"definition\": \"\uacf5\uae30, \uc804\uc6d0 \ub610\ub294 \uc2e0\ud638 \uc0c1\uc2e4 \uc2dc \uc7a5\uce58\uac00 \uc548\uc804\ubc29\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ub3d9\ud558\ub294 \ud2b9\uc131\",\n \"examples\": [\n \"Fail-Close\",\n \"Fail-Open\"\n ],\n \"relationship\": \"Fail-Close\uc640 Fail-Open\uc740 \ubaa8\ub450 \uacf5\uc815\uc704\ud5d8\ubd84\uc11d \uacb0\uacfc\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c Fail-Safe\uac00 \ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.\"\n },\n \"fault_tolerant\": {\n \"definition\": \"\uc77c\ubd80 \uad6c\uc131\ud488 \uace0\uc7a5\uc774 \uc788\uc5b4\ub3c4 \uc694\uad6c \uc548\uc804\uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uacc4\uc18d \uc218\ud589\ud558\ub294 \ub2a5\ub825\",\n \"distinction\": {\n \"fail_safe\": \"\uace0\uc7a5 \uc2dc \uc548\uc804\uc0c1\ud0dc\ub85c \uc774\ub3d9\",\n \"fault_tolerant\": \"\uace0\uc7a5\uc774 \uc788\uc5b4\ub3c4 \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uacc4\uc18d \uc218\ud589\"\n },\n \"relationship\": \"Fail-Safe \u2260 Fault-Tolerant, but both properties may coexist\"\n }\n },\n \"functional_safety_standards\": {\n \"IEC_61508\": {\n \"name\": \"Functional Safety of Electrical, Electronic and Programmable Electronic Safety-Related Systems\",\n \"role\": \"\uc804\uae30\u00b7\uc804\uc790\u00b7\ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub798\uba38\ube14 \uc804\uc790 \uc548\uc804\uad00\ub828 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc758 \uc77c\ubc18 \uae30\ub2a5\uc548\uc804 \uae30\ubc18\ud45c\uc900\"\n },\n \"IEC_61511\": {\n \"name\": \"Functional Safety - Safety Instrumented Systems for the Process Industry Sector\",\n \"role\": \"\uacf5\uc815\uc0b0\uc5c5 SIS\uc758 \uc548\uc804\uc218\uba85\uc8fc\uae30\uc640 \uae30\uc220\u00b7\uad00\ub9ac \uc694\uad6c\uc0ac\ud56d\"\n },\n \"ISA_S84\": {\n \"role\": \"\uacf5\uc815\uc0b0\uc5c5 \uc548\uc804\uacc4\uce21\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc758 \uae30\ub2a5\uc548\uc804 \uc694\uad6c\ub97c \ub2e4\ub8e8\ub294 ISA \ud45c\uc900\uccb4\uacc4\"\n },\n \"relationship\": [\n \"IEC 61508\uc740 \uc77c\ubc18 \uae30\ubc18\ud45c\uc900\",\n \"IEC 61511\uc740 \uacf5\uc815\uc0b0\uc5c5 \uc801\uc6a9\ud45c\uc900\",\n \"IEC 61511\uacfc ISA S84\ub294 \uacf5\uc815\uc0b0\uc5c5 SIS\ub77c\ub294 \uacf5\ud1b5\uc601\uc5ed\uc744 \ub2e4\ub8f8\"\n ]\n },\n \"sil_determination\": {\n \"inputs\": [\n \"Hazard identification\",\n \"Likelihood\",\n \"Consequence\",\n \"Existing protection layers\",\n \"IPL independence\",\n \"Tolerable risk\"\n ],\n \"sequence\": [\n \"HAZOP \ub610\ub294 \ub2e4\ub978 PHA \uae30\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \uc704\ud5d8 \uc2dd\ubcc4\",\n \"\ubc1c\uc0dd \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uacfc \uacb0\uacfc \uc2ec\uac01\ub3c4 \ud3c9\uac00\",\n \"\uae30\uc874 BPCS, \uacbd\ubcf4, Relief Device \ubc0f IPL \ud3c9\uac00\",\n \"\ucd94\uac00 \uc704\ud5d8\uac10\uc18c \ud544\uc694\ub7c9 \uacb0\uc815\",\n \"SIF \uc815\uc758\",\n \"\ubaa9\ud45c SIL \ud560\ub2f9\"\n ],\n \"risk_expression\": \"Risk = f(Likelihood, Consequence)\",\n \"important_note\": \"SIL\uc740 \uacf5\uc815\uc758 \uc704\ud5d8\ub3c4 \uc790\uccb4\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ud574\ub2f9 SIF\uc5d0 \uc694\uad6c\ub418\ub294 \uc704\ud5d8\uac10\uc18c \uc131\ub2a5\uc774\ub2e4.\"\n },\n \"low_demand_sil_table\": [\n {\n \"sil\": \"SIL 1\",\n \"PFDavg_range\": \"10^-2 \u2264 PFDavg < 10^-1\",\n \"RRF_range\": \"10 to 100\"\n },\n {\n \"sil\": \"SIL 2\",\n \"PFDavg_range\": \"10^-3 \u2264 PFDavg < 10^-2\",\n \"RRF_range\": \"100 to 1000\"\n },\n {\n \"sil\": \"SIL 3\",\n \"PFDavg_range\": \"10^-4 \u2264 PFDavg < 10^-3\",\n \"RRF_range\": \"1000 to 10000\"\n },\n {\n \"sil\": \"SIL 4\",\n \"PFDavg_range\": \"10^-5 \u2264 PFDavg < 10^-4\",\n \"RRF_range\": \"10000 to 100000\"\n }\n ],\n \"sil_verification\": {\n \"required_domains\": [\n {\n \"name\": \"Systematic Integrity\",\n \"korean\": \"\uccb4\uacc4\uc801 \ubb34\uacb0\uc131\",\n \"definition\": \"\uc0ac\uc591, \uc124\uacc4, \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8, \uc124\uce58, \uc2dc\ud5d8, \uc6b4\uc804 \ubc0f \ubcc0\uacbd\uad00\ub9ac\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\ub294 \uccb4\uacc4\uc801 \uc624\ub958\uc758 \ubc29\uc9c0\",\n \"examples\": [\n \"\uc798\ubabb\ub41c Trip \uc124\uc815\uac12\",\n \"\uc798\ubabb\ub41c Fail Action\",\n \"\ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8 \uc624\ub958\",\n \"\ubc30\uc120 \uc624\ub958\",\n \"\uc2dc\ud5d8\uc808\ucc28 \ub204\ub77d\",\n \"\ubb34\ub2e8 \ubcc0\uacbd\"\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"Architectural Constraints\",\n \"korean\": \"\uad6c\uc870\uc801 \uc81c\uc57d\",\n \"definition\": \"Voting, \uc911\ubcf5\uc131, HFT \ubc0f \ud558\uc704\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c \uad6c\uc870\uac00 \ubaa9\ud45c SIL\uc5d0 \uc801\ud569\ud55c\uc9c0 \ud655\uc778\",\n \"related_terms\": [\n \"HFT\",\n \"Redundancy\",\n \"Voting\",\n \"Common Cause Failure\"\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"Random Integrity\",\n \"korean\": \"\ubb34\uc791\uc704 \uace0\uc7a5 \ubb34\uacb0\uc131\",\n \"definition\": \"\uad6c\uc131\ud488\uc758 \ubb34\uc791\uc704 \uc704\ud5d8\uace0\uc7a5\ub960\uacfc \uc2dc\ud5d8\uc870\uac74\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec PFDavg\ub97c \uacc4\uc0b0\ud558\uace0 \ubaa9\ud45c\uac12\uacfc \ube44\uad50\",\n \"criterion\": \"PFDavg,SIF \u2264 PFDtarget\"\n }\n ],\n \"conceptual_relation\": \"SIL achievement = Systematic Integrity \u2229 Architectural Constraints \u2229 Random Integrity\",\n \"important_note\": \"PFDavg \uacc4\uc0b0\uc744 \ub9cc\uc871\ud558\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \uccb4\uacc4\uc801 \ubb34\uacb0\uc131\uacfc \uad6c\uc870\uc801 \uc81c\uc57d\uc774 \ubd80\uc871\ud558\uba74 \uc804\uccb4 SIL \ub2ec\uc131\uc73c\ub85c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4.\"\n },\n \"pfd_model\": {\n \"simplified_handbook_expression\": \"PFDtotal = PFDsensor + PFDlogic_solver + PFDfinal_element\",\n \"meaning\": \"\uc13c\uc11c, \ub85c\uc9c1 \uc194\ubc84 \ub610\ub294 \ucd5c\uc885\uc694\uc18c \uc911 \uc5b4\ub290 \ud558\uc704\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc774 \uc2e4\ud328\ud574\ub3c4 \uc804\uccb4 SIF\uac00 \uc694\uad6c \uc2dc \uc2e4\ud328\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\",\n \"calculation_warning\": \"\uc2e4\uc81c \uc815\ub7c9\uacc4\uc0b0\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc911\ubcf5\uad6c\uc870, \uacf5\ud1b5\uc6d0\uc778\uace0\uc7a5, \uc9c4\ub2e8, Proof Test Coverage, \uc218\ub9ac\uc2dc\uac04\uacfc \uc2dc\ud5d8\uac04\uaca9 \ub4f1\uc744 \ucd94\uac00\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud55c\ub2e4.\"\n },\n \"failure_modes\": {\n \"spurious_trip\": {\n \"korean\": \"\ubd88\ud544\uc694\ud55c Trip \ub610\ub294 \uc624\ub3d9\uc791 \uc815\uc9c0\",\n \"definition\": \"\uc2e4\uc81c \uc704\ud5d8\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294\ub370 SIF\uac00 \uacf5\uc815\uc744 \uc815\uc9c0\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \ud604\uc0c1\",\n \"primary_effect\": \"\uc0dd\uc0b0\uc190\uc2e4\uacfc \uac00\uc6a9\uc131 \uc800\ud558\",\n \"conceptual_expression\": \"No Hazard + Trip = Spurious Trip\"\n },\n \"dangerous_undetected_failure\": {\n \"korean\": \"\ubbf8\uac80\ucd9c \uc704\ud5d8\uace0\uc7a5\",\n \"definition\": \"\uc815\uc0c1\uc6b4\uc804 \uc911 \ubc1c\uacac\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uc2e4\uc81c \uc548\uc804\uc694\uad6c \uc2dc SIF\uac00 \uae30\ub2a5\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uac8c \ud558\ub294 \uace0\uc7a5\",\n \"primary_effect\": \"PFD \uc99d\uac00\uc640 \uc0ac\uace0 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\",\n \"conceptual_expression\": \"Hidden Failure + Safety Demand = Dangerous Failure\"\n },\n \"relationship\": \"Spurious Trip\uacfc Dangerous Undetected Failure\ub294 \uc8fc\uc694 \uacb0\uacfc\uc640 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc774 \uc11c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub974\ub2e4.\"\n },\n \"final_element_engineering\": {\n \"importance\": \"\uc13c\uc11c\uc640 \ub85c\uc9c1 \uc194\ubc84\uac00 \uc815\uc0c1\uc774\uc5b4\ub3c4 \ucd5c\uc885\uc694\uc18c\uac00 \uc774\ub3d9\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba74 SIF\ub294 \uc2e4\ud328\ud55c\ub2e4.\",\n \"composition\": \"Final Element = Valve + Actuator + Valve Instrumentation\",\n \"design_checks\": [\n \"\ucd5c\ub300 \ucc28\uc555\uc5d0\uc11c \uc548\uc804\ubc29\ud5a5 \uc774\ub3d9 \uac00\ub2a5 \uc5ec\ubd80\",\n \"\uc561\ucd94\uc5d0\uc774\ud130 \ucd94\ub825 \ub610\ub294 \ud1a0\ud06c\",\n \"\uacf5\uae30\u00b7\uc804\uc6d0\u00b7\uc2e0\ud638 \uc0c1\uc2e4 \uc2dc \uc548\uc804\ubc29\ud5a5\",\n \"\uc694\uad6c \uc548\uc804\uc2dc\uac04 \ub0b4 \uc774\ub3d9\",\n \"Seat Leakage\",\n \"Solenoid Valve \uae30\ub2a5\",\n \"\uacf5\uae30\ubc30\uad00\uacfc \uacf5\uae09\uc555\ub825\",\n \"PST\uc640 Full Proof Test \uc218\ud589 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\"\n ],\n \"response_time_criterion\": \"t_final_element \u2264 t_process_safety\",\n \"speed_warning\": \"\uc9c0\ub098\uce58\uac8c \ube60\ub978 \ubc38\ube0c \ud3d0\uc1c4\ub294 Surge, Water Hammer, \ubc30\uad00\ucda9\uaca9\uc744 \uc720\ubc1c\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.\"\n },\n \"test_relationships\": {\n \"proof_test\": {\n \"purpose\": \"\uc228\uc740 \uc704\ud5d8\uace0\uc7a5\uc744 \uac80\ucd9c\ud558\uace0 SIF \uc131\ub2a5\uc744 \ubcf5\uc6d0\",\n \"scope\": [\n \"inspection\",\n \"full stroke\",\n \"safe direction\",\n \"stroke time\",\n \"seat leakage\",\n \"auxiliary equipment\"\n ]\n },\n \"full_stroke_test\": {\n \"relationship\": \"Full Stroke Test \u2282 Proof Test\",\n \"purpose\": \"\uc804\uccb4 \uc774\ub3d9\uacbd\ub85c\uc640 \ucd5c\uc885 \uc548\uc804\uc704\uce58 \ud655\uc778\"\n },\n \"PST\": {\n \"relationship\": \"Detectable Faults by PST \u2282 Detectable Faults by Full Proof Test\",\n \"role\": \"Full Proof Test \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \uc77c\ubd80 \uc228\uc740 \uace0\uc7a5\uc744 \uc870\uae30\uac80\ucd9c\",\n \"not_a_replacement\": true\n },\n \"test_interval\": {\n \"relationship\": \"TI \uc99d\uac00 \u2192 PFDavg \uc99d\uac00 \uac00\ub2a5\",\n \"management_rule\": \"\uc2e4\uc81c \uc2dc\ud5d8\uc8fc\uae30\ub294 SIL \uac80\uc99d\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud55c \uac00\uc815\uacfc \uc77c\uce58\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.\"\n }\n },\n \"hipps\": {\n \"definition\": \"\uace0\uc555\uce21\uc758 \uc555\ub825\uc774 \uc800\uc555\uce21\uc73c\ub85c \uc804\ub2ec\ub418\uae30 \uc804\uc5d0 \uace0\uc555\uc6d0\uc744 \ucc28\ub2e8\ud558\ub294 \uace0\uc2e0\ub8b0\uc131 \uc555\ub825\ubcf4\ud638\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\",\n \"system_relation\": \"HIPPS \u2282 SIS Applications\",\n \"typical_function_relation\": \"HIPPS\uc758 \uacfc\uc555\ucc28\ub2e8\uae30\ub2a5\uc740 \ud558\ub098\uc758 SIF\ub85c \uad6c\ud604\",\n \"typical_architecture\": {\n \"sensor_subsystem\": \"3 pressure sensors with 2oo3 voting\",\n \"logic_solver\": \"high-pressure trip logic\",\n \"final_element_subsystem\": \"2 series isolation valves with 1oo2 functional success\"\n },\n \"sequence\": [\n \"\uc0c1\ub958 \uace0\uc555 \uac80\ucd9c\",\n \"2oo3 Voting\",\n \"Logic Solver Trip\",\n \"\ub450 \ucc28\ub2e8\ubc38\ube0c \ud3d0\uc1c4\uba85\ub839\",\n \"\uace0\uc555\uc6d0 \uaca9\ub9ac\",\n \"\ud558\ub958 \uc800\uc555\uacc4\ud1b5 \ubcf4\ud638\"\n ],\n \"relation_to_relief_system\": {\n \"common_goal\": \"Overpressure Protection\",\n \"HIPPS_method\": \"\uace0\uc555\uc6d0 \ucc28\ub2e8\",\n \"relief_method\": \"\ucd08\uacfc\uc555\ub825 \ubc29\ucd9c\",\n \"relationship\": \"\uacf5\ud1b5\ubaa9\uc801\uc740 \uc788\uc73c\ub098 \ubcf4\ud638\uc6d0\ub9ac\uc640 \ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35\uc740 \ub2e4\ub984\"\n },\n \"testing\": [\n \"pressure sensor test\",\n \"logic solver test\",\n \"full stroke proof test\",\n \"partial stroke test\",\n \"stroke time test\",\n \"seat leakage test\",\n \"solenoid and air supply test\"\n ]\n },\n \"relationship_summary\": [\n {\n \"expression\": \"SIF \u2282 SIS\",\n \"meaning\": \"\ud558\ub098\uc758 SIS\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec SIF\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c\ub2e4.\"\n },\n {\n \"expression\": \"SIF = Sensor \u2192 Logic Solver \u2192 Final Element\",\n \"meaning\": \"SIF\ub294 \uce21\uc815, \ud310\ub2e8, \uc2e4\ud589\uc758 \uc9c1\ub82c \uae30\ub2a5\uad6c\uc870\uc774\ub2e4.\"\n },\n {\n \"expression\": \"SIL = target(SIF)\",\n \"meaning\": \"SIL\uc740 SIF\uc5d0 \ud560\ub2f9\ub418\ub294 \uc548\uc804\uc131\ub2a5 \ubaa9\ud45c\uc774\ub2e4.\"\n },\n {\n \"expression\": \"Valve \u2282 Final Element \u2282 SIF\",\n \"meaning\": \"\ubc38\ube0c\ub294 \ucd5c\uc885\uc694\uc18c\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80\uc774\uace0 \ucd5c\uc885\uc694\uc18c\ub294 SIF\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80\uc774\ub2e4.\"\n },\n {\n \"expression\": \"BPCS \u2229 SIS \u2248 \u2205\",\n \"meaning\": \"\uac19\uc740 \uacf5\uc815\uc744 \ub2e4\ub8e8\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \uc548\uc804\uae30\ub2a5 \uacbd\ub85c\ub294 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \ud55c \ub3c5\ub9bd\ud55c\ub2e4.\"\n },\n {\n \"expression\": \"HAZOP \u2282 PHA Techniques\",\n \"meaning\": \"HAZOP\uc740 \uacf5\uc815\uc704\ud5d8\ubd84\uc11d\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud558\ub294 \ub300\ud45c\uc801 \uae30\ubc95\uc774\ub2e4.\"\n },\n {\n \"expression\": \"Full Stroke Test \u2282 Proof Test\",\n \"meaning\": \"\uc804\uccb4 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub85c\ud06c \uc2dc\ud5d8\uc740 Proof Test\uc758 \uc8fc\uc694 \ud56d\ubaa9 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\uc774\ub2e4.\"\n },\n {\n \"expression\": \"PST Fault Coverage \u2282 Full Proof Test Fault Coverage\",\n \"meaning\": \"PST\ub294 \uc804\uccb4 Proof Test\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uac80\ucd9c \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uace0\uc7a5\ubc94\uc704\uac00 \uc791\ub2e4.\"\n },\n {\n \"expression\": \"PFDavg \u2193 \u2194 RRF \u2191 \u2194 higher SIL range\",\n \"meaning\": \"\ud3c9\uade0 \uc694\uad6c \uc2dc \uace0\uc7a5\ud655\ub960\uc774 \ub0ae\uc744\uc218\ub85d \uc704\ud5d8\uac10\uc18c\uc131\ub2a5\uc774 \ucee4\uc9c4\ub2e4.\"\n },\n {\n \"expression\": \"HIPPS \u2282 SIS Applications\",\n \"meaning\": \"HIPPS\ub294 SIS\uc758 \ub300\ud45c\uc801\uc778 \uacfc\uc555\ubcf4\ud638 \uc801\uc6a9\ud615\ud0dc\uc774\ub2e4.\"\n }\n ],\n \"common_misconceptions\": [\n {\n \"incorrect\": \"SIS\uc640 SIF\ub294 \uac19\uc740 \uac1c\ub150\uc774\ub2e4.\",\n \"correct\": \"SIS\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec SIF\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\ub294 \uc0c1\uc704 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc774\ub2e4.\"\n },\n {\n \"incorrect\": \"SIL\uc740 \ubc38\ube0c \ud55c \ub300\uc758 \uace0\uc720 \ub4f1\uae09\uc774\ub2e4.\",\n \"correct\": \"SIL\uc740 \ud2b9\uc815 SIF\uc5d0 \ud560\ub2f9\ub418\ub294 \uc548\uc804\uc131\ub2a5 \ubaa9\ud45c\uc774\ub2e4.\"\n },\n {\n \"incorrect\": \"SIL \uc778\uc99d \uc7a5\uce58\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uba74 \uc804\uccb4 SIF\uac00 \uc790\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \ubaa9\ud45c SIL\uc744 \ub2ec\uc131\ud55c\ub2e4.\",\n \"correct\": \"\uc13c\uc11c, \ub85c\uc9c1 \uc194\ubc84, \ucd5c\uc885\uc694\uc18c, \uad6c\uc870, \uc2dc\ud5d8\uc8fc\uae30\uc640 \uc218\uba85\uc8fc\uae30\ub97c \ud568\uaed8 \uac80\uc99d\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.\"\n },\n {\n \"incorrect\": \"BPCS\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 Trip \uae30\ub2a5\uc740 SIS\uc774\ub2e4.\",\n \"correct\": \"SIS\ub294 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc131\uacfc \uae30\ub2a5\uc548\uc804 \uc218\uba85\uc8fc\uae30 \uc694\uad6c\ub97c \ub9cc\uc871\ud558\ub294 \uc548\uc804\uc804\uc6a9 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc774\ub2e4.\"\n },\n {\n \"incorrect\": \"Valve\uc640 Final Element\ub294 \uac19\uc740 \uc758\ubbf8\uc774\ub2e4.\",\n \"correct\": \"\ucd5c\uc885\uc694\uc18c\uc5d0\ub294 \ubc38\ube0c, \uc561\ucd94\uc5d0\uc774\ud130, \uc194\ub808\ub178\uc774\ub4dc \ubc0f \uad00\ub828 \uacc4\uc7a5\ud488\uc774 \ud3ec\ud568\ub41c\ub2e4.\"\n },\n {\n \"incorrect\": \"PST\ub97c \uc218\ud589\ud558\uba74 Full Stroke Proof Test\uac00 \ud544\uc694 \uc5c6\ub2e4.\",\n \"correct\": \"PST\uc758 \uac80\ucd9c\ubc94\uc704\ub294 \uc81c\ud55c\ub418\ubbc0\ub85c Full Proof Test\ub97c \uc644\uc804\ud788 \ub300\uccb4\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud55c\ub2e4.\"\n },\n {\n \"incorrect\": \"\uc2dc\ud5d8\uac04\uaca9\uc774 \uae38\uc5b4\uc838\ub3c4 SIL\uc5d0\ub294 \uc601\ud5a5\uc774 \uc5c6\ub2e4.\",\n \"correct\": \"\uc2dc\ud5d8\uac04\uaca9\uc774 \uc99d\uac00\ud558\uba74 \uc228\uc740 \uc704\ud5d8\uace0\uc7a5\uc758 \ud3c9\uade0 \ub178\ucd9c\uc2dc\uac04\uacfc PFDavg\uac00 \uc99d\uac00\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.\"\n },\n {\n \"incorrect\": \"HIPPS\ub294 Relief Valve\ucc98\ub7fc \uc555\ub825\uc744 \ubc29\ucd9c\ud55c\ub2e4.\",\n \"correct\": \"HIPPS\ub294 \uace0\uc555\uc6d0\uc744 \ucc28\ub2e8\ud558\uc5ec \ud558\ub958 \uacfc\uc555\uc744 \uc608\ubc29\ud55c\ub2e4.\"\n },\n {\n \"incorrect\": \"\uc774\uc911\ud654\ud558\uba74 \ud56d\uc0c1 HFT\uc640 \uc548\uc804\uc131\uc774 \uc99d\uac00\ud55c\ub2e4.\",\n \"correct\": \"Voting \uad6c\uc870, \uace0\uc7a5\ubaa8\ub4dc\uc640 \uacf5\ud1b5\uc6d0\uc778\uace0\uc7a5\uc744 \ud568\uaed8 \uac80\ud1a0\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.\"\n }\n ],\n \"exam_answer_structure\": {\n \"background\": \"\uacf5\uc815\ud50c\ub79c\ud2b8\ub294 \ub2e8\uc77c \ubcf4\ud638\uc218\ub2e8\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c BPCS, \uc6b4\uc804\uc790 \uac1c\uc785, SIS, \ub2a5\ub3d9\u00b7\uc218\ub3d9 \ubcf4\ud638 \ubc0f \ube44\uc0c1\ub300\uc751\uc758 \ub2e4\uc911 \ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35\uc73c\ub85c \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \uad00\ub9ac\ud55c\ub2e4.\",\n \"definition\": \"SIS\ub294 \ud558\ub098 \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 SIF\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\uba70, \uac01 SIF\ub294 \uc13c\uc11c\u00b7\ub85c\uc9c1 \uc194\ubc84\u00b7\ucd5c\uc885\uc694\uc18c\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ub41c\ub2e4.\",\n \"sil_assignment\": \"HAZOP \ub4f1\uc758 PHA\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc704\ud5d8\uacfc \uae30\uc874 IPL\uc744 \ud3c9\uac00\ud558\uace0 \ucd94\uac00 \uc704\ud5d8\uac10\uc18c\ub7c9\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uac01 SIF\uc758 \ubaa9\ud45c SIL\uc744 \uacb0\uc815\ud55c\ub2e4.\",\n \"quantitative_relation\": [\n \"RRF = 1 \/ PFDavg\",\n \"PFDtotal \u2248 PFDsensor + PFDlogic + PFDfinal in the handbook simplified model\"\n ],\n \"verification\": [\n \"Systematic Integrity\",\n \"Architectural Constraints and HFT\",\n \"Random Integrity and PFDavg\"\n ],\n \"maintenance\": \"Proof Test\ub85c \uc804\uccb4 \uc548\uc804\uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uac80\uc99d\ud558\uace0 PST\ub85c \uc77c\ubd80 \uc228\uc740 \uace0\uc7a5\uc744 \uc6b4\uc804 \uc911 \uc870\uae30\uac80\ucd9c\ud55c\ub2e4.\",\n \"application\": \"HIPPS\ub294 2oo3 \uc555\ub825\uc13c\uc11c, \ub85c\uc9c1 \uc194\ubc84\uc640 1oo2 \uc9c1\ub82c \ucc28\ub2e8\ubc38\ube0c\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud574 \uace0\uc555\uc6d0\uc744 \ucc28\ub2e8\ud55c\ub2e4.\",\n \"conclusion\": \"\uae30\ub2a5\uc548\uc804\uc740 \uc124\uacc4 \uc2dc SIL \uacc4\uc0b0\uc73c\ub85c \ub05d\ub098\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba70 \uc2dc\ud5d8, \uc815\ube44, \ubcc0\uacbd\uad00\ub9ac\uc640 \ubb38\uc11c\ud654\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c \uc804\uccb4 \uc548\uc804\uc218\uba85\uc8fc\uae30 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc720\uc9c0\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.\"\n },\n \"keytags\": [\n \"Safety Instrumented System\",\n \"Safety Instrumented Function\",\n \"Safety Integrity Level\",\n \"Probability of Failure on Demand\",\n \"Independent Protection Layer\",\n \"Final Element\",\n \"Proof Test\",\n \"Partial Stroke Testing\",\n \"Hardware Fault Tolerance\",\n \"HIPPS\"\n ]\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\uc548\uc804\uacc4\uce21\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c(SIS)\uc758 \uad6c\uc870\uc640 \uae30\ub2a5\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc774\ud574\ub294 \uc774 \ud56d\ubaa9\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec\uc774\ub2e4. SIS\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc548\uc804\uacc4\uce21\uae30\ub2a5(SIF)\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\uba70, \uac01 SIF\ub294 \uc13c\uc11c, \ub85c\uc9c1 \uc194\ubc84, \ucd5c\uc885\uc694\uc18c\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ub41c\ub2e4. \ubaa9\ud45c \uc548\uc804\ubb34\uacb0\uc131\uc218\uc900(SIL)\uc740 HAZOP \ubd84\uc11d\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uacb0\uc815\ub418\uba70, \uc548\uc804\uc131\uacfc \uace0\uc7a5 \ud5c8\uc6a9\uc131\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc911\uc694\ud558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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12.2 BPCS\uc640 SIS<\/h1>\n

SIS, SIF \ubc0f SIL\uc758 \uad00\uacc4<\/h1>\n

Safe State, Fail-Safe\n\ubc0f Fault Tolerance<\/h1>\n

12.3 \uae30\ub2a5\uc548\uc804 \ud45c\uc900<\/h1>\n

IEC 61508<\/h2>\n
IEC 61508\uc740 \uc804\uae30\u00b7\uc804\uc790\u00b7\ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub798\uba38\ube14 \uc804\uc790 \uc548\uc804\uad00\ub828 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc758 \uae30\ub2a5\uc548\uc804\uc744\n\ub2e4\ub8e8\ub294 \uc77c\ubc18\ud45c\uc900\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

IEC 61511<\/h2>\n
IEC 61511\uc740 \uacf5\uc815\uc0b0\uc5c5\uc6a9 SIS\uc5d0 \uc801\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \uae30\ub2a5\uc548\uc804 \ud45c\uc900\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

12.4 \uc704\ud5d8\ubd84\uc11d\uacfc \ubaa9\ud45c SIL \uacb0\uc815<\/h1>\n

SIL, PFDavg \ubc0f RRF<\/h1>\n

PFDavg<\/h2>\n
PFDavg\ub294 \uc2dc\ud5d8\uacfc \uc2dc\ud5d8 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcc0\ud654\ud558\ub294 PFD\ub97c \uc2dc\uac04\ud3c9\uade0\ud55c \uac12\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

Proof Test, Full Stroke Test\n\ubc0f PST<\/h1>\n

ESD Valve\uc640 BDV<\/h1>\n

12.12 HIPPS \uc2dc\ud5d8 \uc694\uad6c\uc0ac\ud56d<\/h1>\n