{"id":9383,"date":"2026-08-23T15:36:20","date_gmt":"2026-08-23T06:36:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/?p=9383"},"modified":"2026-08-23T16:18:09","modified_gmt":"2026-08-23T07:18:09","slug":"the-safety-critical-systems-overview-chapter1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/the-safety-critical-systems-overview-chapter1\/","title":{"rendered":"The Safety Critical Systems, Overview & Chapter1"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\ucca8\ubd80\ub41c \ucc45(\u300aThe Safety Critical Systems Handbook: A Straightforward Guide to Functional Safety\u300b<\/strong>)\uc740 \ucd1d 16\uac1c\uc758 \uc7a5(Chapter)\uacfc \ubd80\ub85d\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ub41c \uc804\ubb38 \uae30\uc220 \uc11c\uc801\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4<\/sup>. \uc774 \ucc45\uc744 \ub2e8\uc2dc\uac04 \ub0b4\uc5d0 \uac00\uc7a5 \ube60\ub974\uac8c \ud30c\uc545\ud558\uace0 \ud6a8\uc728\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc77d\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ub2e8\uacc4\ubcc4 \ube60\ub978 \ub3c5\uc11c \uc804\ub7b5(\ud30c\ub808\ud1a0 \ubc95\uce59 \uc801\uc6a9)\uc744 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud574 \ub4dc\ub9bd\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1\ub2e8\uacc4: 15\ubd84 \ub9cc\uc5d0 \uc804\uccb4 \uad6c\uc870 \ud30c\uc545\ud558\uae30 (\uc804\ub7b5\uc801 \uc2a4\ud0a4\ubc0d)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\ucc45\uc744 \ubc14\ub85c \uccab \uc7a5\ubd80\ud130 \uc77d\uc9c0 \ub9d0\uace0, \uc804\uccb4 \ud750\ub984\uacfc \ubf08\ub300\ub97c \uba3c\uc800 \uc7a1\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. ‘A Quick Overview’ (xv~xvi \ud398\uc774\uc9c0) \uc77d\uae30<\/strong>:\n
      \n
    • \uae30\ub2a5 \uc548\uc804(Functional Safety)\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec \uac1c\ub150, \uc548\uc804 \ubcf4\uc7a5 \uc218\uc900(SIL 1~4), 7\ub2e8\uacc4 \ud3c9\uac00 \uc808\ucc28\uac00 \uc694\uc57d\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • ‘The 2010 Version of IEC 61508’ \ubc0f ‘The 2016 Version of IEC 61511’ (xvii~xix \ud398\uc774\uc9c0) \uac1c\uc815 \uc0ac\ud56d \ud655\uc778<\/strong>:\n
        \n
      • \ucd5c\uc2e0 \uac1c\uc815\ud310\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec \ubcc0\ud654(\uac1c\ub150 \uac1c\uc815, Route $2_H$, \ubcf4\uc548, Application Program \ub4f1)\ub97c \uba3c\uc800 \ud30c\uc545\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

        2\ub2e8\uacc4: \ud575\uc2ec \uc774\ub860 \uc9d1\uc911 \uacf5\ub7b5 (PART A – Chapter 1, 2, 5)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        \ucc45\uc758 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uac1c\ub150\uacfc \ud3c9\uac00 \ubc29\ubc95\ub860\uc774 \ub2f4\uae34 \ud575\uc2ec \uc7a5\ub9cc \uace8\ub77c \uc77d\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        1. Chapter 1 (The Meaning and Context of Safety Integrity Targets)<\/strong>:\n
            \n
          • Risk, Safety Target, 7\uac1c \ud30c\ud2b8 \uad6c\uc870, HAZOP \uae30\ucd08\ub97c \ube60\ub974\uac8c \uc774\ud574\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Chapter 2 (Meeting IEC 61508 Part 1)<\/strong>:\n
              \n
            • SIL \ubaa9\ud45c \uc124\uc815 \ubc29\ubc95(LOPA, Risk Graph, ALARP)\uacfc \uae30\ub2a5 \uc548\uc804 \uad00\ub9ac(FSM) \uac1c\ub150\uc744 \ud30c\uc545\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Chapter 5 (Reliability Modeling Techniques)<\/strong>:\n
                \n
              • \ube14\ub85d \ub2e4\uc774\uc5b4\uadf8\ub7a8(RBD), \uacf5\ud1b5 \uc6d0\uc778 \uace0\uc7a5(CCF), \uace0\uc7a5 \uc218\ubaa9 \ubd84\uc11d(FTA) \ub4f1 \uc815\ub7c9\uc801 \uc2e0\ub8b0\uc131 \ubaa8\ub378\ub9c1 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc744 \uc775\ud799\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                3\ub2e8\uacc4: \ubaa9\uc801\ubcc4\/\uc0b0\uc5c5\ubcc4 \uc120\ud0dd\uc801 \uc77d\uae30 (PART B & PART C)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                \ud544\uc694\ud55c \ubd84\uc57c\ub9cc \uace8\ub77c \uc77d\uc5b4 \uc2dc\uac04\uc744 \ub2e8\ucd95\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  \n
                • \ud45c\uc900\uaddc\uaca9 \uc138\ubd80\uc0ac\ud56d\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0:<\/strong>\n
                    \n
                  • \ud558\ub4dc\uc6e8\uc5b4 \uad00\ub828: Chapter 3<\/strong> (IEC 61508 Part 2)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • \uc18c\ud504\ud2b8\uc6e8\uc5b4 \uad00\ub828: Chapter 4<\/strong> (IEC 61508 Part 3)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • \ubcf8\uc778\uc758 \ubd84\uc57c(\uc0b0\uc5c5\uad70)\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\ub294 \uc7a5\ub9cc \uc120\ud0dd:<\/strong>\n
                      \n
                    • \uc11d\uc720\/\ud654\ud559\/\uacf5\uc815: Chapter 8<\/strong> (IEC 61511)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • \uae30\uacc4(Machinery): Chapter 9<\/strong> (ISO 13849, EN 62061)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • \ucca0\ub3c4\/\ubc29\uc0b0\/\uc790\ub3d9\ucc28\/\uc6d0\uc790\ub825\/\ud56d\uacf5: Chapter 10<\/strong>
                      <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • \uc2e4\ubb34 \uc801\uc6a9\/\uc0ac\ub840 \ubd84\uc11d\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud560 \ub54c:<\/strong>\n
                        \n
                      • Chapter 11~16<\/strong> \uc911 \ubcf8\uc778 \uc5c5\ubb34\uc640 \uc720\uc0ac\ud55c \ucf00\uc774\uc2a4 \uc2a4\ud130\ub514(\ubcf4\uc77c\ub7ec, \uc81c\ub3d9\uc7a5\uce58, \uc218\ub825\ubc1c\uc804 \ub4f1) 1~2\uac1c \uc120\ud0dd \ud6c4 \ubd84\uc11d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                        4\ub2e8\uacc4: \ubd80\ub85d(Appendix)\uc744 \ub798\ud37c\ub7f0\uc2a4\ub85c \ud65c\uc6a9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                          \n
                        • \uc804\uccb4\ub97c \ub2e4 \uc77d\uc9c0 \ub9d0\uace0, \ud544\uc694\ud560 \ub54c \ucc3e\uc544\ubcf4\ub294 \uc6a9\ub3c4\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                        • \uc6a9\uc5b4\uac00 \ud5f7\uac08\ub9b4 \ub54c\ub294 Appendix 8 (Terms and Jargon)\uc744 \ucc38\uc870\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                          \ud83d\udca1 \uc694\uc57d \uac00\uc774\ub4dc:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          \uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \uc815\ub9d0 \ubd80\uc871\ud558\ub2e4\uba74 Quick Overview<\/code> $\\rightarrow$ Chapter 1<\/code> $\\rightarrow$ Chapter 2<\/code> $\\rightarrow$ \ubcf8\uc778 \uad00\ub828 \uc0b0\uc5c5 \uc139\uc158(Part B \uc911 1\uac1c)<\/code><\/strong> \uc21c\uc11c\ub85c\ub9cc \uc77d\uc5b4\ub3c4 \ucc45\uc758 70% \uc774\uc0c1 \ud575\uc2ec \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc744 \ube60\ub974\uac8c \ud761\uc218\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          Chapter 1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n \n \n Chapter 1: The Meaning and Context of Safety Integrity Targets (Part 1)<\/title>\n <style>\n :root {\n --primary-blue: #003366;\n --secondary-blue: #1e508c;\n --light-bg: #f8f9fa;\n --border-color: #e9ecef;\n --text-color: #212529;\n --line-height: 2.0; \/* \uc694\uccad\ud558\uc2e0 2\ubc30 \uc904 \uac04\uaca9 \ubc18\uc601 *\/\n }\n\n body {\n font-family: 'Noto Sans KR', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, \"Segoe UI\", Roboto, sans-serif;\n line-height: var(--line-height);\n color: var(--text-color);\n max-width: 960px;\n margin: 0 auto;\n padding: 40px 20px;\n background-color: #ffffff;\n }\n\n header {\n border-bottom: 3px solid var(--primary-blue);\n padding-bottom: 20px;\n margin-bottom: 40px;\n }\n\n h1 {\n color: var(--primary-blue);\n font-size: 2rem;\n margin-bottom: 8px;\n line-height: 1.4;\n }\n\n .subtitle {\n color: var(--secondary-blue);\n font-size: 1.25rem;\n font-weight: 500;\n margin-bottom: 15px;\n }\n\n .author-info {\n color: #6c757d;\n font-size: 0.95rem;\n }\n\n section {\n margin-bottom: 50px;\n }\n\n h2 {\n color: var(--primary-blue);\n font-size: 1.5rem;\n border-bottom: 1px solid var(--primary-blue);\n padding-bottom: 8px;\n margin-top: 35px;\n margin-bottom: 20px;\n }\n\n h3 {\n color: var(--secondary-blue);\n font-size: 1.2rem;\n margin-top: 25px;\n margin-bottom: 15px;\n }\n\n h4 {\n font-size: 1.05rem;\n color: #333;\n margin-top: 20px;\n margin-bottom: 10px;\n }\n\n ul, ol {\n padding-left: 24px;\n margin-bottom: 20px;\n }\n\n li {\n margin-bottom: 12px;\n }\n\n .term-title {\n font-weight: bold;\n color: var(--primary-blue);\n }\n\n .formula-box {\n background-color: var(--light-bg);\n border-left: 4px solid var(--primary-blue);\n padding: 20px;\n margin: 25px 0;\n text-align: center;\n font-size: 1.15rem;\n font-family: \"Times New Roman\", Times, serif;\n box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);\n }\n\n .code-inline {\n background-color: #e9ecef;\n padding: 2px 6px;\n border-radius: 4px;\n font-family: monospace;\n font-size: 0.9em;\n }\n\n .underline-desc {\n display: block;\n text-align: center;\n font-size: 0.9rem;\n color: #555;\n margin-top: 8px;\n }\n <\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n\n <header>\n <h1>Chapter 1: The Meaning and Context of Safety Integrity Targets<\/h1>\n <div class=\"subtitle\">\uc548\uc804 \ubb34\uacb0\uc131 \ubaa9\ud45c\uc758 \uc815\ub7c9\uc801\u00b7\uc815\uc131\uc801 \ud1b5\ud569 \uac80\uc99d \ubc0f \uc218\uba85\uc8fc\uae30 \uc5d4\uc9c0\ub2c8\uc5b4\ub9c1<\/div>\n <div class=\"author-info\">\uc791\uc131\uc790: \uc0b0\uc5c5\uacc4\uce21\uc81c\uc5b4 \uae30\uc220\uc0ac \ub178\ud2b8<\/div>\n <\/header>\n\n <section>\n <h2>1. \ud575\uc2ec \uc6a9\uc5b4 \ubc0f \uc815\uc758 (Core Terminology)<\/h2>\n <ul>\n <li><span class=\"term-title\">HAZID (Hazard Identification):<\/span> \ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8 \ucd08\uae30 \uac1c\ub150 \uc124\uacc4 \ub2e8\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uacf5\uc815, \uc124\ube44, \uc785\uc9c0 \ud658\uacbd \uc804\uccb4\uc758 \ub300\ud615 \uc704\ud5d8 \uc694\uc18c\ub97c \ud3ec\uad04\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc2dd\ubcc4\ud558\ub294 \uace0\uc218\uc900(High-level) \uc815\uc131\uc801 \uc704\ud5d8 \uc2dd\ubcc4 \uae30\ubc95\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <li><span class=\"term-title\">HAZOP (Hazard and Operability Study):<\/span> \uc0c1\uc138 \uc124\uacc4 \ub2e8\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc774\ub4dc\uc6cc\ub4dc(Guide Word)\uc640 \uacf5\uc815 \ubcc0\uc218(Parameter)\uc758 \uc870\ud569\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc124\uacc4 \uc758\ub3c4\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc97\uc5b4\ub098\ub294 \uc774\ud0c8(Deviation)\uc744 \uccb4\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub3c4\ucd9c\ud558\ub294 \uacf5\uc815 \uc704\ud5d8\uc131 \ubd84\uc11d \uae30\ubc95\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <li><span class=\"term-title\">Risk (\uc704\ud5d8\uc131):<\/span> \uc0ac\uace0 \ubc1c\uc0dd \ube48\ub3c4(Likelihood)\uc640 \uc0ac\uace0 \ubc1c\uc0dd \uc2dc \ud53c\ud574 \uacb0\uacfc\uc758 \uc2ec\uac01\ub3c4(Consequence)\uc758 \uc870\ud569\uc73c\ub85c \uc0b0\ucd9c\ub418\ub294 \uc815\ub7c9\uc801\/\uc815\uc131\uc801 \ucc99\ub3c4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <li><span class=\"term-title\">Safety Target \/ Tolerable Risk (\ud5c8\uc6a9 \uc704\ud5d8 \ubaa9\ud45c):<\/span> \uc704\ud5d8\ub3c4\ub97c 0\uc73c\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294 \uc808\ub300\uc801 \uc548\uc804(Absolute Safety)\uc740 \ubd88\uac00\ub2a5\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801\u00b7\uae30\uc220\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc218\uc6a9 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uc218\uc900\uc73c\ub85c \uc124\uc815\ud55c \ubaa9\ud45c \uc704\ud5d8 \uc218\uce58\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <li><span class=\"term-title\">ALARP (As Low As Reasonably Practicable):<\/span> \uc704\ud5d8 \uac10\ucd95\uc5d0 \ud22c\uc785\ub418\ub294 \ube44\uc6a9\uacfc \uc774\ub4dd \uac04\uc758 \ube44\ub300\uce6d\uc131\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc5ec, \ud569\ub9ac\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc2e4\ud589 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uc218\uc900\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \ub0ae\ucd94\ub294 \ud3c9\uac00 \uc6d0\uce59\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <li><span class=\"term-title\">SIF (Safety Instrumented Function, \uc548\uc804 \uacc4\uc7a5 \uae30\ub2a5):<\/span> \ud2b9\uc815 \ube44\uc0c1 \uc704\ud5d8 \uc774\ubca4\ud2b8\ub97c \ub9c9\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub3d9\uc791\ud558\ub294 \ub2e8\uc77c \uc548\uc804 \uc81c\uc5b4 \ub8e8\ud504\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <li><span class=\"term-title\">SIS (Safety Instrumented System, \uc548\uc804 \uacc4\uc7a5 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c):<\/span> \ud558\ub098 \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 SIF\ub97c \uc2e4\ud589\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc13c\uc11c, \ub85c\uc9c1 \uc194\ubc84, \ucd5c\uc885 \uc81c\uc5b4 \uc694\uc18c(\ubc38\ube0c \ub4f1)\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ub41c \uc804\uccb4 \ud1b5\ud569 \ud558\ub4dc\uc6e8\uc5b4\/\uc18c\ud504\ud2b8\uc6e8\uc5b4 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <li><span class=\"term-title\">SIL (Safety Integrity Level, \uc548\uc804 \ubb34\uacb0\uc131 \ub4f1\uae09):<\/span> SIF\uac00 \uc694\uad6c\ub418\ub294 \uc2dc\uc810\uc5d0 \uc81c \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uc815\uc0c1 \uc218\ud589\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc2e0\ub8b0\ub3c4 \ubc0f \uc704\ud5d8 \uac10\ucd95 \ub2a5\ub825\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\ub294 1~4\ub2e8\uacc4 \ub4f1\uae09\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <li><span class=\"term-title\">Demand Mode (Low vs High \/ Continuous):<\/span> \ube44\uc0c1 \uc791\ub3d9 \uc694\uad6c \ube48\ub3c4\uac00 \uc5f0 1\ud68c \uc774\ud558\uc778 \uc800\ube48\ub3c4 \ubaa8\ub4dc(Low Demand)\uc640 \uc5f0 1\ud68c \ucd08\uacfc \ub610\ub294 \uc5f0\uc18d \uc6b4\uc804\uc778 \uace0\ube48\ub3c4\/\uc5f0\uc18d \ubaa8\ub4dc(High\/Continuous Demand)\ub85c \uad6c\ubd84\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <li><span class=\"term-title\">PFD<sub>avg<\/sub> \/ PFH:<\/span> \uc800\ube48\ub3c4 \ubaa8\ub4dc\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ud3c9\uade0 \uc694\uad6c\uc2dc \uace0\uc7a5 \ud655\ub960(PFD<sub>avg<\/sub>) \ubc0f \uace0\ube48\ub3c4\/\uc5f0\uc18d \ubaa8\ub4dc\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04\ub2f9 \uc704\ud5d8 \uace0\uc7a5 \ud655\ub960(PFH)\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <li><span class=\"term-title\">Proof Test Interval (T<sub>1<\/sub>, \uc815\uae30 \uc810\uac80 \uc8fc\uae30):<\/span> \uc790\uac00 \uc9c4\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c \uac80\ucd9c\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uc228\uc740 \uc704\ud5d8 \uace0\uc7a5(Undetected Failure)\uc744 \ub3c4\ucd9c\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc218\ud589\ud558\ub294 \uc815\uae30 \uc218\ub3d9 \uc810\uac80 \uac04\uaca9\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <li><span class=\"term-title\">SRS (Safety Requirements Specification, \uc548\uc804 \uc694\uad6c\uc0ac\ud56d \uc0ac\uc591\uc11c):<\/span> \uc704\ud5d8 \ud3c9\uac00 \uacb0\uacfc\uc640 \uc2e4\uc81c \uc0c1\uc138 \ud558\ub4dc\uc6e8\uc5b4\/\uc18c\ud504\ud2b8\uc6e8\uc5b4 \uc124\uacc4\ub97c \uc5f0\uacb0\ud558\ub294 \ud575\uc2ec \uaddc\uaca9 \ubb38\uc11c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <li><span class=\"term-title\">SFF (Safe Failure Fraction) \/ HFT (Hardware Fault Tolerance):<\/span> \uc804\uccb4 \uace0\uc7a5 \uc911 \uc548\uc804\ud55c \uace0\uc7a5 \ubc0f \uac80\ucd9c\ub41c \uace0\uc7a5\uc758 \ube44\uc728(SFF)\uacfc \ud558\ub4dc\uc6e8\uc5b4\uac00 \uc5ec\ubd84\uc758 \uc911\ubcf5\uc131(Redundancy)\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\ub294 \uacb0\ud568 \ud5c8\uc6a9\ub3c4(HFT)\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <li><span class=\"term-title\">Systematic Capability (SC) \/ FSM (Functional Safety Management):<\/span> \uac1c\ubc1c\uc790\uc758 \uc124\uacc4 \uc624\ub958\ub098 \uc808\ucc28\uc801 \uacb0\ud568 \ub4f1 \uccb4\uacc4\uc801 \uace0\uc7a5(Systematic Failure)\uc744 \ubc29\uc9c0\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \uc815\uc131\uc801 \uc7a5\ube44 \uc5ed\ub7c9 \ub4f1\uae09(SC 1~4) \ubc0f \uc870\uc9c1\uc801 \uad00\ub9ac \uccb4\uacc4(FSM)\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/section>\n\n <section>\n <h2>2. \uc6a9\uc5b4 \uac04 \uc0c1\ud638 \uad00\uacc4 (Relationships)<\/h2>\n <ul>\n <li><strong>HAZID → HAZOP → LOPA → SIL Determination:<\/strong> HAZID\ub85c \uac1c\ub150 \ub2e8\uacc4\uc758 \ub300\ud615 \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \uc2dd\ubcc4\ud558\uace0, HAZOP\uc73c\ub85c \uc0c1\uc138 \uacf5\uc815 \uc774\ud0c8\uc744 \ub3c4\ucd9c\ud558\uba70, LOPA(Layer of Protection Analysis) \ub4f1 \uc815\ub7c9\/semi-\uc815\ub7c9 \ud3c9\uac00\ub97c \uac70\uccd0 \ubaa9\ud45c SIL \ub4f1\uae09\uc744 \uacb0\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <li><strong>Risk → Tolerable Risk → ALARP:<\/strong> \uc2dd\ubcc4\ub41c Risk\uac00 \ud5c8\uc6a9 \uae30\uc900(Tolerable Risk)\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub192\uc73c\uba74 ALARP \uc6d0\uce59\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc815\ub7c9\uc801\u00b7\uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \ud3c9\uac00\ub97c \uac70\uccd0 \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \ubaa9\ud45c\uce58 \uc774\ud558\ub85c \ub0ae\ucda5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <li><strong>ALARP → SIF \/ SIS → SRS:<\/strong> \uc704\ud5d8 \uac10\ucd95\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uc548\uc804 \ub3d9\uc791\uc778 SIF\uc640 \uc774\ub97c \uc2e4\ud589\ud560 \uc804\uccb4 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc778 SIS\ub97c \uc815\uc758\ud558\uace0, \uc694\uad6c\uc0ac\ud56d\uc744 SRS \ubb38\uc11c\uc5d0 \uae30\uc220\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <li><strong>SRS → Demand Mode → SIL (PFD<sub>avg<\/sub>\/PFH):<\/strong> \uc6b4\uc804 \uc870\uac74(Demand Mode)\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c SIL\uc758 \uc815\ub7c9\uc801 \ud3c9\uac00 \uc9c0\ud45c\uc778 PFD<sub>avg<\/sub> \ub610\ub294 PFH \ubaa9\ud45c \uc218\uce58\uac00 \uc218\ub9bd\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <li><strong>SIL → Quantitative (SFF\/HFT\/T<sub>1<\/sub>) + Qualitative (SC\/FSM\/V&V):<\/strong> SIL \ub4f1\uae09\uc740 \uc218\uc2dd \uacc4\uc0b0(PFD, T<sub>1<\/sub>) \ubc0f \uad6c\uc870\uc801 \uc870\uac74(SFF, HFT)\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc815\ub7c9\uc801 \uac80\uc99d\uacfc, \uccb4\uacc4\uc801 \uace0\uc7a5\uc744 \ub9c9\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ud504\ub85c\uc138\uc2a4 \uc900\uc218(SC, FSM, V-Model)\ub77c\ub294 \uc815\uc131\uc801 \uac80\uc99d\uc744 \ub3d9\uc2dc \ub9cc\uc871\ud574\uc57c \uc644\uc131\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/section>\n\n <section>\n <h2>3. Chapter 1 \uc5d4\uc9c0\ub2c8\uc5b4\ub9c1 \uc2a4\ud1a0\ub9ac \ubc0f \uc138\ubd80 \ub0b4\uc6a9<\/h2>\n\n <h3>[1\ub2e8\uacc4] \uc704\ud5d8 \uc2dd\ubcc4 \ubc0f \ubaa9\ud45c \uc218\ub9bd (Hazard to Risk Target)<\/h3>\n <p>\uc548\uc804 \uc218\uba85\uc8fc\uae30(Safety Life-Cycle)\uc758 \ucd08\uae30 \ub2e8\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uacf5\uc815\uacfc \uc124\ube44\uac00 \uac00\uc9c4 \uc7a0\uc7ac\uc801 \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \uccb4\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc2dd\ubcc4\ud558\uace0 \uc815\ub7c9\ud654\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n <h4>1. HAZID\uc640 HAZOP\uc744 \ud1b5\ud55c \uc704\ud5d8 \uc2dd\ubcc4 (Hazard Identification)<\/h4>\n <ul>\n <li>\n <strong>HAZID (Hazard Identification Study):<\/strong>\n <ul>\n <li><strong>\uc218\ud589 \uc2dc\uae30:<\/strong> \ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8 \ucd08\uae30 \uac1c\ub150 \uc124\uacc4(FEED) \ub610\ub294 \ubd80\uc9c0 \uc120\uc815 \ub2e8\uacc4.<\/li>\n <li><strong>\ubaa9\uc801:<\/strong> \ud50c\ub79c\ud2b8 \uc804\uccb4 \uad00\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \ud654\uc7ac, \ud3ed\ubc1c, \ub3c5\uc131 \ubb3c\uc9c8 \ub204\ucd9c, \uc790\uc5f0\uc7ac\ud574, \uc678\ubd80 \uc694\uc778 \ub4f1 \ub300\ud615 \uc704\ud5d8(Major Hazards)\uc744 \uc2e0\uc18d\ud558\uac8c \uc2dd\ubcc4.<\/li>\n <li><strong>\ud2b9\uc9d5:<\/strong> \uccb4\ud06c\ub9ac\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uae30\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c \uc9c4\ud589\ub418\uba70, \uacf5\uc815 \uc0c1\uc138 \ub3c4\uba74(P&ID)\uc774 \uc791\uc131\ub418\uae30 \uc804\uc5d0 \uc804\uccb4\uc801\uc778 \uc704\ud5d8 \uad00\ub9ac \ubc29\ud5a5\uc744 \uc124\uc815\ud568.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/li>\n <li>\n <strong>HAZOP (Hazard and Operability Study):<\/strong>\n <ul>\n <li><strong>\uc218\ud589 \uc2dc\uae30:<\/strong> \uc0c1\uc138 \uc124\uacc4 \ub2e8\uacc4 (P&ID \uc644\ube44 \uc2dc\uc810).<\/li>\n <li><strong>\ubaa9\uc801:<\/strong> \uacf5\uc815\uc758 \uc124\uacc4 \uc758\ub3c4(Design Intent)\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc97\uc5b4\ub098\ub294 \uc774\ud0c8(Deviation)\uc774 \uc720\ubc1c\ud558\ub294 \uc704\ud5d8 \ubc0f \uc6b4\uc804\uc131 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ube0c\ub808\uc778\uc2a4\ud1a0\ubc0d \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ub3c4\ucd9c.<\/li>\n <li><strong>\uc6d0\ub9ac:<\/strong> <strong>Guide Word<\/strong> (No, More, Less, As Well As, Part Of, Reverse, Other Than) + <strong>Process Parameter<\/strong> (Flow, Pressure, Temperature, Level \ub4f1) → <strong>Deviation<\/strong> \ub3c4\ucd9c.<\/li>\n <li><strong>\uc608\uc2dc:<\/strong> <span class=\"code-inline\">MORE<\/span> + <span class=\"code-inline\">PRESSURE<\/span> → “\ubc18\uc751\uae30 \uacfc\uc555 \ubc1c\uc0dd” (\uc6d0\uc778: \ub0c9\uac01\uc218 \uc815\uc9c0, \uacb0\uacfc: \ubc18\uc751\uae30 \ud30c\uc5f4 \ubc0f \uac00\uc2a4 \ub204\ucd9c).<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n <h4>2. \uc704\ud5d8\uc131\uc758 \uc815\ub7c9\ud654 \ubaa8\ub378\ub9c1 (Quantitative Risk Modeling)<\/h4>\n <p>HAZID\uc640 HAZOP\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ub3c4\ucd9c\ub41c \uc704\ud5d8 \uc694\uc778\uc758 \ub2e8\uc21c \ubc1c\uc0dd \ube48\ub3c4\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc2e4\uc81c \ud53c\ud574 \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \uc815\ud655\ud788 \uc0b0\uc815\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc6d0\uc778\uc774 \uc2e4\uc81c \uc0ac\uace0\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c0\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0\uc758 \uc138\ubd80 \ud655\ub960 \uc694\uc18c\ub97c \uc815\ubc00\ud558\uac8c \ubd84\ud574\ud558\uc5ec \uacc4\uc0b0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"formula-box\">\n <em>Risk = f × P<sub>e<\/sub> × P<sub>a<\/sub> × C<\/em>\n <\/div>\n\n <ul>\n <li><strong>f (Initiating Event Frequency):<\/strong> HAZOP \ub4f1\uc5d0\uc11c \ub3c4\ucd9c\ub41c \ucd08\uae30 \uc704\ud5d8 \uc720\ubc1c \uc6d0\uc778(\ubc38\ube0c \uace0\uc7a5, \ubc30\uad00 \ub204\ucd9c \ub4f1)\uc758 \uc5f0\uac04 \ubc1c\uc0dd \ube48\ub3c4 (yr<sup>-1<\/sup>).<\/li>\n <li><strong>P<sub>e<\/sub> (Exposure Probability):<\/strong> \uc704\ud5d8 \uc774\ubca4\ud2b8 \ubc1c\uc0dd \uc2dc, \uc704\ud5d8 \uad6c\uc5ed \ub0b4 \uc0c1\uc8fc \uc778\uc6d0 \ub610\ub294 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc774 \ub178\ucd9c\ub420 \ud655\ub960. (\uc608: \ubb34\uc778 \uad6c\uc5ed\uc778 \uacbd\uc6b0 P<sub>e<\/sub> ≈ 0)<\/li>\n <li><strong>P<sub>a<\/sub> (Possibility of Avoidance):<\/strong> \ube44\uc0c1 \uacbd\ubcf4\/\uc0c1\ud669 \ubc1c\uc0dd \uc2dc, \uc791\uc5c5\uc790\uac00 \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \uc778\uc9c0\ud558\uace0 \ube44\uc0c1 \ud0c8\ucd9c\/\ud68c\ud53c\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud560 \ud655\ub960(\ud68c\ud53c \uc2e4\ud328 \ud655\ub960).<\/li>\n <li><strong>C (Consequence):<\/strong> \ud68c\ud53c \uc2e4\ud328 \ud6c4 \uc0ac\uace0\uac00 \ucd5c\uc885 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud588\uc744 \ub54c\uc758 \uc190\uc2e4\/\uc778\uba85 \ud53c\ud574 \uaddc\ubaa8.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n <p>\uc989, \uc218\uc2dd\uc758 <strong>(f × P<sub>e<\/sub> × P<sub>a<\/sub>) [\uc2e4\uc81c \uc0ac\uace0\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c8 \ucd5c\uc885 \ube48\ub3c4]<\/strong> \ubd80\ubd84\uc740 \uc704\ud5d8 \uc6d0\uc778 \ubc1c\uc0dd \ube48\ub3c4(f)\uc5d0 \ud604\uc7a5 \ub178\ucd9c \ud655\ub960(P<sub>e<\/sub>)\uacfc \ud68c\ud53c \uc2e4\ud328 \ud655\ub960(P<sub>a<\/sub>)\uc744 \uacf1\ud558\uc5ec <strong>\uc2e4\uc81c \uc778\uba85\/\uc124\ube44\uc5d0 \ud53c\ud574\uac00 \ub3c4\ub2ec\ud560 \uc815\ubc00\ud55c \ucd5c\uc885 \ud655\ub960<\/strong>\uc744 \ub3c4\ucd9c\ud55c \ub4a4, \uc774\uc5d0 \ud53c\ud574 \uaddc\ubaa8(C)\ub97c \uacf1\ud574\uc8fc\ub294 \uad6c\uc870\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n <h4>3. Tolerable Risk \uc0b0\uc815 \ubc0f ALARP \uc801\uc6a9<\/h4>\n <p>\uc808\ub300\uc801 Zero Risk\ub294 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801\u00b7\uae30\uc220\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc218\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 Tolerable Risk\ub97c \uc124\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub0a8\uc544\uc788\ub294 \uc704\ud5d8\uc774 \uc218\uc6a9 \ud55c\uacc4\ub97c \ub118\uc5b4\uc11c\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0, \uac10\ucd95 \ube44\uc6a9 \ub300\ube44 \ud6a8\uc728\uc131\uc744 \ub530\uc9c0\ub294 ALARP \uc6d0\uce59\uc5d0 \uc758\uac70\ud558\uc5ec \ubc29\ud638\uacc4\ud1b5 \uc218\ub9bd\uc744 \uacb0\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n <h3>[2\ub2e8\uacc4] \uc548\uc804 \uae30\ub2a5 \uc815\uc758\uc640 SRS \uc791\uc131 (SIF\/SIS & SRS)<\/h3>\n <p>\uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \ucc28\ub2e8\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ub2e8\uc77c \ub3d9\uc791\uc778 SIF\ub97c \uc815\uc758\ud558\uace0, \uc774\ub97c \uc218\ud589\ud560 \uc13c\uc11c, \ub85c\uc9c1 \uc194\ubc84, \ucd5c\uc885 \uc81c\uc5b4 \uc694\uc18c\uc758 \uc9d1\ud569\uccb4\uc778 SIS\ub97c \uad6c\uc131\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc704\ud5d8 \ud3c9\uac00 \uacb0\uacfc\uc640 \uc0c1\uc138 \uc124\uacc4 \ub2e8\uacc4\ub97c \uc5f0\uacb0\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 Safe State, \uc751\ub2f5 \uc2dc\uac04, Proof Test \uc8fc\uae30 \ub4f1\uc744 \uba85\uc2dc\ud55c SRS(\uc548\uc804 \uc694\uad6c\uc0ac\ud56d \uc0ac\uc591\uc11c)\ub97c \uc791\uc131\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <\/section>\n\n<section>\n <h3>[3\ub2e8\uacc4] SIL \uac1c\ub150\uc758 \uc0c1\uc138 \ubd84\uc11d \ubc0f \uc774\uc911 \uac80\uc99d (SIL Deep Dive)<\/h3>\n <p>SIL\uc740 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \ub2e8\ud488 \uc7a5\ube44 \uc2a4\ud399\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc, \uc13c\uc11c-\ub85c\uc9c1\uc194\ubc84-\uad6c\ub3d9\ubd80\ub85c \uc5f0\uacb0\ub41c SIF(\uc548\uc804 \uacc4\uc7a5 \uae30\ub2a5) \ub8e8\ud504 \uc804\uccb4\uc5d0 \ubd80\uc5ec\ub418\ub294 \uc815\ub7c9\uc801\u00b7\uc815\uc131\uc801 \uc2e0\ub8b0\ub3c4 \ud1b5\ud569 \ucc99\ub3c4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n <h4>1. \uc815\ub7c9\uc801 \uac80\uc99d (Quantitative Verification)<\/h4>\n <ul>\n <li><strong>Demand Mode\ubcc4 \uc9c0\ud45c:<\/strong> \ube44\uc0c1 \uc791\ub3d9 \uc694\uad6c\uac00 \uc5f0 1\ud68c \uc774\ud558\uc778 Low Demand\uc77c \ub54c\ub294 PFD<sub>avg<\/sub> \uc9c0\ud45c\ub97c, \uc5f0 1\ud68c \ucd08\uacfc\uc774\uac70\ub098 \uc5f0\uc18d \uc6b4\uc804\uc778 High\/Continuous Demand\uc77c \ub54c\ub294 PFH \uc9c0\ud45c\ub97c \uae30\uc900\uc73c\ub85c SIL 1~4 \ub4f1\uae09\uc744 \ud310\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n <div class=\"table-container\">\n <table>\n <caption>[\ud45c 1] IEC 61508 Demand Mode\ubcc4 SIL \uc815\ub7c9\uc801 \uc694\uad6c \uae30\uc900<\/caption>\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th>SIL \ub4f1\uae09<\/th>\n <th>Low Demand (PFD<sub>avg<\/sub>)<\/th>\n <th>High\/Continuous (PFH, \/hr)<\/th>\n <th>\uc704\ud5d8 \uac10\ucd95 \uacc4\uc218 (RRF)<\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <td><strong>SIL 4<\/strong><\/td>\n <td>10<sup>-5<\/sup> ≤ PFD < 10<sup>-4<\/sup><\/td>\n <td>10<sup>-9<\/sup> ≤ PFH < 10<sup>-8<\/sup><\/td>\n <td>10,000 ~ 100,000<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td><strong>SIL 3<\/strong><\/td>\n <td>10<sup>-4<\/sup> ≤ PFD < 10<sup>-3<\/sup><\/td>\n <td>10<sup>-8<\/sup> ≤ PFH < 10<sup>-7<\/sup><\/td>\n <td>1,000 ~ 10,000<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td><strong>SIL 2<\/strong><\/td>\n <td>10<sup>-3<\/sup> ≤ PFD < 10<sup>-2<\/sup><\/td>\n <td>10<sup>-7<\/sup> ≤ PFH < 10<sup>-6<\/sup><\/td>\n <td>100 ~ 1,000<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td><strong>SIL 1<\/strong><\/td>\n <td>10<sup>-2<\/sup> ≤ PFD < 10<sup>-1<\/sup><\/td>\n <td>10<sup>-6<\/sup> ≤ PFH < 10<sup>-5<\/sup><\/td>\n <td>10 ~ 100<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n <\/div>\n\n <ul>\n <li><strong>Proof Test Interval (T<sub>1<\/sub>) \ubc0f Coverage (C):<\/strong> 1oo1 \uad6c\uc870\uc5d0\uc11c PFD<sub>avg<\/sub> ≈ (λ<sub>DU<\/sub> × T<sub>1<\/sub>) \/ 2 \uc218\uc2dd\uacfc \uac19\uc774, \uc790\uac00 \uc9c4\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c \ucc3e\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\ub294 \uc704\ud5d8 \uace0\uc7a5\ub960(λ<sub>DU<\/sub>) \uc678\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc218\ub3d9 \uc815\uae30 \uc810\uac80 \uc8fc\uae30(T<sub>1<\/sub>)\uc640 \ubcf5\uad6c\uc728\uc778 Proof Test Coverage (C)\uac00 PFD \uc218\uce58\uc640 SIL \ub2ec\uc131 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \uc9c1\uc811 \uacb0\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <li><strong>PST (Partial Stroke Test, \ubd80\ubd84 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub85c\ud06c \uc2dc\ud5d8):<\/strong> \ucc28\ub2e8 \ubc38\ube0c(ESDV) \ub4f1\uc744 5~15%\ub9cc \uc624\ud504\ub77c\uc778 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub85c \ub3d9\uc791\uc2dc\ucf1c \uad6c\ub3d9\ubd80 \uace0\uc7a5\uc744 \uc9c4\ub2e8\ud558\ub294 \uae30\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c, \uc810\uac80 \uc8fc\uae30(T<sub>1<\/sub>) \uc0ac\uc774 \ub3d9\uc548 PFD\uac00 \uae09\uc99d\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc5b5\uc81c\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <li>\n <strong>\ud558\ub4dc\uc6e8\uc5b4 \uad6c\uc870\uc801 \uc81c\uc57d (Architectural Constraints):<\/strong> \ub2e8\uc21c PFD \uacc4\uc0b0 \uc218\uce58\ub9cc \ub192\uc544\uc11c\ub294 \uc548 \ub418\uba70, \uc7a5\ube44\uc758 \uc548\uc804 \uace0\uc7a5 \ube44\uc728(SFF)\uacfc \ub2e4\uc911\ud654 \uc5ec\uc720\ub3c4\ub97c \ub73b\ud558\ub294 \ud558\ub4dc\uc6e8\uc5b4 \uacb0\ud568 \ud5c8\uc6a9\ub3c4(HFT) \uae30\uc900\uc744 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \ucda9\uc871\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n <div class=\"formula-box\">\n <em>SFF = (∑λ<sub>S<\/sub> + ∑λ<sub>DD<\/sub>) \/ ∑λ<sub>total<\/sub> = (λ<sub>SD<\/sub> + λ<sub>SU<\/sub> + λ<sub>DD<\/sub>) \/ (λ<sub>SD<\/sub> + λ<sub>SU<\/sub> + λ<sub>DD<\/sub> + λ<sub>DU<\/sub>)<\/em>\n <\/div>\n <\/li>\n <li><strong>Common Cause Failure (β-factor, \uacf5\ud1b5 \uc6d0\uc778 \uace0\uc7a5):<\/strong> 1oo2 [PFD<sub>avg<\/sub> ≈ (λ<sub>DU<\/sub>T<sub>1<\/sub>)<sup>2<\/sup> \/ 3 + (β · λ<sub>DU<\/sub>T<sub>1<\/sub>) \/ 2], 2oo3 \ub4f1 \uc7a5\ube44\ub97c \ub2e4\uc911\ud654 \uad6c\uc131\ud558\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \ub3d9\uc77c \uc804\uc6d0 \ubb38\uc81c, \ub099\ub8b0 \ub4f1\uc73c\ub85c \ud55c \ubc88\uc5d0 \uace0\uc7a5 \ub098\ub294 \ube44\uc728(β)\uc774 \ub192\uc73c\uba74 \ub2e8\uc77c \uad6c\uc870(1oo1) \uc218\uc900\uc73c\ub85c PFD\uac00 \uc545\ud654\ub418\ubbc0\ub85c \ubb3c\ub9ac\uc801\u00b7\uc804\uae30\uc801 \ubd84\ub9ac \uc124\uacc4\ub97c \ubc18\uc601\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n <h4>2. \uc815\uc131\uc801 \uac80\uc99d (Qualitative Verification)<\/h4>\n <ul>\n <li><strong>Systematic Failure (\uccb4\uacc4\uc801 \uace0\uc7a5) \ud1b5\uc81c:<\/strong> \ubb34\uc791\uc704 \ud558\ub4dc\uc6e8\uc5b4 \uace0\uc7a5\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc \uac1c\ubc1c \ub2e8\uacc4\uc758 \uc124\uacc4 \uc624\ub958, \uc18c\ud504\ud2b8\uc6e8\uc5b4 \ubc84\uadf8, \uc778\uc801 \uc2e4\uc218\ub97c \ub9c9\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \uac80\uc99d\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <li><strong>FSM \ubc0f SC (Systematic Capability):<\/strong> \uc870\uc9c1 \ucc28\uc6d0\uc758 \uae30\ub2a5\uc548\uc804 \uad00\ub9ac \uccb4\uacc4(FSM) \ubc0f \uc7a5\ube44\/\uc18c\ud504\ud2b8\uc6e8\uc5b4 \uac1c\ubc1c \uc808\ucc28\uc758 \uc815\ubc00\ub3c4\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\ub294 Systematic Capability (SC 1~4) \uc5ed\ub7c9 \ub4f1\uae09\uc744 \uac16\ucdb0\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <li><strong>V-Model \uae30\ubc18 V&V:<\/strong> \uc548\uc804 \uc694\uad6c\uc0ac\ud56d \uc0ac\uc591\uc11c(SRS) \uc791\uc131\ubd80\ud130 \uc0c1\uc138 \uc124\uacc4, \ub2e8\uc704\/\ud1b5\ud569 \ud14c\uc2a4\ud2b8, \uc2dc\uc6b4\uc804\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc77c\ub300\uc77c \uac80\uc99d(Verification) \ubc0f \ud655\uc778(Validation) \uc808\ucc28\ub97c \uac70\uce69\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n <h4>3. SIL Verification(\uac80\uc99d) vs SIL Assessment(\ud3c9\uac00)<\/h4>\n <ul>\n <li><strong>SIL Verification (\uae30\uc220\uc801 \uac80\uc99d):<\/strong> \uc124\uacc4\ub41c SIF \ub8e8\ud504\uc758 PFD\/PFH, SFF, HFT \uacc4\uc0b0\uac12\uc774 \ubaa9\ud45c SIL \ub4f1\uae09\uc744 \uc815\ub7c9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub9cc\uc871\ud558\ub294\uc9c0 \uc218\uc2dd\uacfc \uace0\uc7a5\ub960 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub85c \uc0b0\ucd9c\u00b7\ud655\uc778\ud558\ub294 \uc5d4\uc9c0\ub2c8\uc5b4\ub9c1 \uc791\uc5c5\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <li><strong>SIL Assessment (\uccb4\uacc4\uc801 \ud3c9\uac00):<\/strong> \uc815\ub7c9\uc801 \uacc4\uc0b0 \uacb0\uacfc\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c FSM \uad00\ub9ac \uccb4\uacc4, SC \ub4f1\uae09, V&V \ubb38\uc11c\ud654 \ub4f1 \uc815\uc131\uc801 \ud504\ub85c\uc138\uc2a4 \uc694\uad6c\uc0ac\ud56d\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\uc5ec \ud574\ub2f9 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc774 IEC 61508\/61511 \ud45c\uc900\uc744 \ucda9\uc871\ud558\ub294\uc9c0 \uc885\ud569 \uc2ec\uc0ac\u00b7\uc778\uc99d\ud558\ub294 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc801 \ud3c9\uac00 \uc808\ucc28\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n <h3>[4\ub2e8\uacc4] \uc218\uba85\uc8fc\uae30 \ud3c9\uac00 \uc808\ucc28 \ubc0f \uacbd\uc81c\uc131 \ub2ec\uc131 (Assessment & Life-Cycle)<\/h3>\n <p>\uc548\uc804 \uad00\ub9ac\ub294 IEC 61508 Safety Life-Cycle\uc5d0 \uc758\uac70\ud574 FSM \uc218\ub9bd, \uc704\ud5d8 \ubaa9\ud45c \uc0b0\uc815, SIF \uc2dd\ubcc4, SIL \uacb0\uc815, \uc815\ub7c9\uc801 \ud3c9\uac00, \uc815\uc131\uc801 \ud3c9\uac00, ALARP \uc785\uc99d\uc774\ub77c\ub294 7\ub2e8\uacc4 Assessment \uc808\ucc28\ub85c \uc6b4\uc601 \ubc0f \ud3d0\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc774\uc5b4\uc9d1\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uaddc\uaca9 \uc900\uc218\uc5d0 \ub4dc\ub294 \ube44\uc6a9(Cost of Compliance)\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc0ac\uace0 \ubc1c\uc0dd \uc2dc\uc758 \ub9c9\ub300\ud55c \ubc95\uc801\u00b7\uc7ac\uc815\uc801 \uc190\uc2e4(Cost of Non-Compliance)\uc744 \uc608\ubc29\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \ud0c0\ub2f9\uc131\uc744 \ud655\ubcf4\ud558\uac8c \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n <h3>[5\ub2e8\uacc4] \uae30\ub2a5\uc548\uc804 \uaddc\uaca9\uc758 7\ub300 \uad6c\uc870 \ubc0f \ube44\uc6a9 \uacbd\uc81c\uc131 \ubd84\uc11d (Standards Structure & Costs)<\/h3>\n\n <h4>1. IEC 61508\uc758 7\uac1c \ud30c\ud2b8 \uad6c\uc870 (The Seven Parts of IEC 61508)<\/h4>\n <p>\uae30\ub2a5\uc548\uc804 \ubc94\uc6a9 \ud45c\uc900\uc778 IEC 61508\uc740 \uc804\uccb4 \uc218\uba85\uc8fc\uae30\uc640 \uae30\uc220\uc801 \uc694\uac74\uc744 \ub2e4\ub8e8\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc774 7\uac1c\uc758 \ud30c\ud2b8\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <ul>\n <li><strong>Part 1 (General Requirements):<\/strong> \uae30\ub2a5\uc548\uc804 \uad00\ub9ac(FSM), \uc218\uba85\uc8fc\uae30 \uc804\ubc18\uc758 \uc77c\ubc18 \uc694\uad6c\uc0ac\ud56d \ubc0f \uc704\ud5d8 \ud3c9\uac00 \uc815\uc758.<\/li>\n <li><strong>Part 2 (E\/E\/PE Safety-Related Systems):<\/strong> \uc804\uae30\u00b7\uc804\uc790\u00b7\ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub798\ubc0d \uc804\uc790 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c(E\/E\/PE) \ud558\ub4dc\uc6e8\uc5b4 \uc124\uacc4 \ubc0f \ubb34\uacb0\uc131 \uc694\uad6c\uc0ac\ud56d.<\/li>\n <li><strong>Part 3 (Software Requirements):<\/strong> \uc548\uc804 \uad00\ub828 \uc18c\ud504\ud2b8\uc6e8\uc5b4 \uac1c\ubc1c, \uad6c\uc870, \uac80\uc99d\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uc694\uad6c\uc0ac\ud56d.<\/li>\n <li><strong>Part 4 (Definitions and Abbreviations):<\/strong> \ud45c\uc900 \uc804\ubc18\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \uc804\ubb38 \uc6a9\uc5b4 \ubc0f \uc57d\uc5b4 \uc815\uc758.<\/li>\n <li><strong>Part 5 (Methods for Determining SIL):<\/strong> SIL \uc815\ub7c9\uc801\u00b7\uc815\uc131\uc801 \uacb0\uc815 \ubc29\ubc95\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uac00\uc774\ub4dc \ubc0f \uc608\uc2dc.<\/li>\n <li><strong>Part 6 (Guidelines on the Application of Parts 2 and 3):<\/strong> \ud558\ub4dc\uc6e8\uc5b4 \ubc0f \uc18c\ud504\ud2b8\uc6e8\uc5b4 \uc548\uc804 \ubb34\uacb0\uc131 \uacc4\uc0b0 \uc608\uc2dc \ubc0f \uc801\uc6a9 \uc9c0\uce68.<\/li>\n <li><strong>Part 7 (Overview of Techniques and Measures):<\/strong> \uccb4\uacc4\uc801 \uace0\uc7a5 \ubc29\uc9c0 \ubc0f \uc124\uacc4 \uae30\ubc95\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc0c1\uc138 \uae30\ubc95 \ubaa9\ub85d.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n <h4>2. \uacbd\uc81c\uc131 \ubd84\uc11d: \ube44\uc6a9\uacfc \ud3b8\uc775 (Cost of Compliance vs Non-Compliance)<\/h4>\n <p>\uae30\ub2a5\uc548\uc804 \uccb4\uacc4\ub97c \uad6c\ucd95\ud558\uace0 \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \uacfc\uc815\uc740 \ube44\uc6a9 \ubc1c\uc0dd \uc218\ub2e8\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc7a5\uae30\uc801\uc778 \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \ubc29\uc5b4\ub9c9 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <ul>\n <li><strong>Cost of Compliance (\uaddc\uaca9 \uc900\uc218 \ube44\uc6a9):<\/strong> FSM \uc870\uc9c1 \uc6b4\uc601, \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc801 SIL Verification \ubc0f Assessment \uc218\uc218\ub8cc, \uc911\ubcf5 \uc124\uacc4(Redundancy) \uc801\uc6a9, \uc8fc\uae30\uc801 Proof Testing \uc218\ud589\uc5d0 \ud22c\uc785\ub418\ub294 \uc9c1\uc811 \ube44\uc6a9\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <li><strong>Savings from Implementing (\uaddc\uaca9 \uc774\ud589\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \ud3b8\uc775):<\/strong> \uccb4\uacc4\uc801\uc778 \uc704\ud5d8 \uad00\ub9ac\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uacf5\uc815 \uac00\ub3d9 \uc911\ub2e8(Downtime)\uc744 \uc904\uc774\uace0 \uc124\ube44 \uc218\uba85\uc744 \uc5f0\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \uac04\uc811\uc801 \uc774\uc775\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <li><strong>Cost of Non-Compliance (\ube44\uc900\uc218 \ubc0f \uc0ac\uace0 \ube44\uc6a9):<\/strong> \uc548\uc804 \uae30\uc900\uc744 \ubb34\uc2dc\ud558\uc5ec \ub300\ud615 \ud654\uc7ac, \ud3ed\ubc1c, \ud658\uacbd \uc624\uc5fc \uc0ac\uace0\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud588\uc744 \ub54c \ubd80\uacfc\ub418\ub294 \ub9c9\ub300\ud55c \uc778\uba85 \ud53c\ud574 \ubc30\uc0c1\uae08, \ubc95\uc801 \ubc8c\uae08, \uc2dc\uc124 \ubcf5\uad6c\ube44 \ubc0f \uae30\uc5c5 \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0 \ucd94\ub77d\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud55c \uc601\uc5c5 \uc190\uc2e4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n <p class=\"conclusion-box\">\n <strong>\uacb0\ub860:<\/strong> \uae30\ub2a5\uc548\uc804 \ubaa9\ud45c \uc124\uc815\uacfc \uc218\uba85\uc8fc\uae30 \uc5d4\uc9c0\ub2c8\uc5b4\ub9c1\uc740 \ucca0\uc800\ud55c \ub9ac\uc2a4\ud06c \uae30\ubc18\uc758 \u2018\uc548\uc804 \ub17c\uc99d(Safety Argument)\u2019\uc744 \uad6c\ucd95\ud558\uc5ec \uaddc\uc81c\uae30\uad00 \ubc0f \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uc694\uad6c\ub97c \ucda9\uc871\ud558\uace0, \ud50c\ub79c\ud2b8\uc758 \uc548\uc804\uc131\uacfc \uacbd\uc81c\uc131\uc744 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \ub2ec\uc131\ud558\ub294 \ud575\uc2ec \uc5d4\uc9c0\ub2c8\uc5b4\ub9c1 \uc808\ucc28\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n <\/p>\n <\/section>\n\n <!-- 2\ubd80 \ub2e8\ub3c5 \uc0ac\uc6a9 \uc2dc \ud544\uc694 \ud14c\uc774\ube14 \ubc0f \ubc15\uc2a4 \ucd94\uac00 \uc2a4\ud0c0\uc77c\ub9c1 -->\n <style>\n .table-container {\n overflow-x: auto;\n margin: 20px 0;\n }\n\n table {\n width: 100%;\n border-collapse: collapse;\n text-align: center;\n font-size: 0.95rem;\n }\n\n table caption {\n font-weight: bold;\n margin-bottom: 10px;\n color: var(--primary-blue, #003366);\n text-align: left;\n }\n\n th {\n background-color: var(--primary-blue, #003366);\n color: #ffffff;\n padding: 12px;\n border: 1px solid #002244;\n }\n\n td {\n padding: 10px;\n border: 1px solid #dee2e6;\n }\n\n tr:nth-child(even) {\n background-color: #f8f9fa;\n }\n\n .conclusion-box {\n background-color: #e8f4f8;\n border-left: 4px solid var(--secondary-blue, #1e508c);\n padding: 15px 20px;\n margin-top: 30px;\n border-radius: 0 4px 4px 0;\n }\n <\/style>\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/TheSafetyCriticlaSystem-2.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px\" aria-label=\"TheSafetyCriticlaSystem-2\uc758 \uc0bd\uc785.\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-c8a141e4-e7f0-49df-a1d1-36344b1e9ee8\" href=\"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/TheSafetyCriticlaSystem-2.pdf\">TheSafetyCriticlaSystem-2<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/TheSafetyCriticlaSystem-2.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-c8a141e4-e7f0-49df-a1d1-36344b1e9ee8\">\ub2e4\uc6b4\ub85c\ub4dc<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>{\n \"chapter\": {\n \"number\": 1,\n \"title_en\": \"The Meaning and Context of Safety Integrity Targets\",\n \"title_ko\": \"\uc548\uc804 \ubb34\uacb0\uc131 \ubaa9\ud45c\uc758 \uc815\ub7c9\uc801\u00b7\uc815\uc131\uc801 \ud1b5\ud569 \uac80\uc99d \ubc0f \uc218\uba85\uc8fc\uae30 \uc5d4\uc9c0\ub2c8\uc5b4\ub9c1\",\n \"author\": \"\uc0b0\uc5c5\uacc4\uce21\uc81c\uc5b4 \uae30\uc220\uc0ac \ub178\ud2b8\"\n },\n \"core_terminology\": [\n {\n \"term\": \"HAZID\",\n \"full_name\": \"Hazard Identification\",\n \"definition\": \"\ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8 \ucd08\uae30 \uac1c\ub150 \uc124\uacc4 \ub2e8\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uacf5\uc815, \uc124\ube44, \uc785\uc9c0 \ud658\uacbd \uc804\uccb4\uc758 \ub300\ud615 \uc704\ud5d8 \uc694\uc18c\ub97c \ud3ec\uad04\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc2dd\ubcc4\ud558\ub294 \uace0\uc218\uc900(High-level) \uc815\uc131\uc801 \uc704\ud5d8 \uc2dd\ubcc4 \uae30\ubc95\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\"\n },\n {\n \"term\": \"HAZOP\",\n \"full_name\": \"Hazard and Operability Study\",\n \"definition\": \"\uc0c1\uc138 \uc124\uacc4 \ub2e8\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc774\ub4dc\uc6cc\ub4dc(Guide Word)\uc640 \uacf5\uc815 \ubcc0\uc218(Parameter)\uc758 \uc870\ud569\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc124\uacc4 \uc758\ub3c4\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc97\uc5b4\ub098\ub294 \uc774\ud0c8(Deviation)\uc744 \uccb4\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub3c4\ucd9c\ud558\ub294 \uacf5\uc815 \uc704\ud5d8\uc131 \ubd84\uc11d \uae30\ubc95\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\"\n },\n {\n \"term\": \"Risk\",\n \"full_name\": \"Risk\",\n \"definition\": \"\uc0ac\uace0 \ubc1c\uc0dd \ube48\ub3c4(Likelihood)\uc640 \uc0ac\uace0 \ubc1c\uc0dd \uc2dc \ud53c\ud574 \uacb0\uacfc\uc758 \uc2ec\uac01\ub3c4(Consequence)\uc758 \uc870\ud569\uc73c\ub85c \uc0b0\ucd9c\ub418\ub294 \uc815\ub7c9\uc801\/\uc815\uc131\uc801 \ucc99\ub3c4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\"\n },\n {\n \"term\": \"Safety Target \/ Tolerable Risk\",\n \"full_name\": \"Safety Target \/ Tolerable Risk\",\n \"definition\": \"\uc704\ud5d8\ub3c4\ub97c 0\uc73c\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294 \uc808\ub300\uc801 \uc548\uc804(Absolute Safety)\uc740 \ubd88\uac00\ub2a5\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801\u00b7\uae30\uc220\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc218\uc6a9 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uc218\uc900\uc73c\ub85c \uc124\uc815\ud55c \ubaa9\ud45c \uc704\ud5d8 \uc218\uce58\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\"\n },\n {\n \"term\": \"ALARP\",\n \"full_name\": \"As Low As Reasonably Practicable\",\n \"definition\": \"\uc704\ud5d8 \uac10\ucd95\uc5d0 \ud22c\uc785\ub418\ub294 \ube44\uc6a9\uacfc \uc774\ub4dd \uac04\uc758 \ube44\ub300\uce6d\uc131\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc5ec, \ud569\ub9ac\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc2e4\ud589 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uc218\uc900\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \ub0ae\ucd94\ub294 \ud3c9\uac00 \uc6d0\uce59\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\"\n },\n {\n \"term\": \"SIF\",\n \"full_name\": \"Safety Instrumented Function\",\n \"definition\": \"\ud2b9\uc815 \ube44\uc0c1 \uc704\ud5d8 \uc774\ubca4\ud2b8\ub97c \ub9c9\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub3d9\uc791\ud558\ub294 \ub2e8\uc77c \uc548\uc804 \uc81c\uc5b4 \ub8e8\ud504\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\"\n },\n {\n \"term\": \"SIS\",\n \"full_name\": \"Safety Instrumented System\",\n \"definition\": \"\ud558\ub098 \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 SIF\ub97c \uc2e4\ud589\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc13c\uc11c, \ub85c\uc9c1 \uc194\ubc84, \ucd5c\uc885 \uc81c\uc5b4 \uc694\uc18c(\ubc38\ube0c \ub4f1)\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ub41c \uc804\uccb4 \ud1b5\ud569 \ud558\ub4dc\uc6e8\uc5b4\/\uc18c\ud504\ud2b8\uc6e8\uc5b4 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\"\n },\n {\n \"term\": \"SIL\",\n \"full_name\": \"Safety Integrity Level\",\n \"definition\": \"SIF\uac00 \uc694\uad6c\ub418\ub294 \uc2dc\uc810\uc5d0 \uc81c \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uc815\uc0c1 \uc218\ud589\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc2e0\ub8b0\ub3c4 \ubc0f \uc704\ud5d8 \uac10\ucd95 \ub2a5\ub825\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\ub294 1~4\ub2e8\uacc4 \ub4f1\uae09\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\"\n },\n {\n \"term\": \"Demand Mode\",\n \"full_name\": \"Low vs High \/ Continuous Demand Mode\",\n \"definition\": \"\ube44\uc0c1 \uc791\ub3d9 \uc694\uad6c \ube48\ub3c4\uac00 \uc5f0 1\ud68c \uc774\ud558\uc778 \uc800\ube48\ub3c4 \ubaa8\ub4dc(Low Demand)\uc640 \uc5f0 1\ud68c \ucd08\uacfc \ub610\ub294 \uc5f0\uc18d \uc6b4\uc804\uc778 \uace0\ube48\ub3c4\/\uc5f0\uc18d \ubaa8\ub4dc(High\/Continuous Demand)\ub85c \uad6c\ubd84\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.\"\n },\n {\n \"term\": \"PFDavg \/ PFH\",\n \"full_name\": \"Average Probability of Failure on Demand \/ Probability of Dangerous Failure per Hour\",\n \"definition\": \"\uc800\ube48\ub3c4 \ubaa8\ub4dc\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ud3c9\uade0 \uc694\uad6c\uc2dc \uace0\uc7a5 \ud655\ub960(PFDavg) \ubc0f \uace0\ube48\ub3c4\/\uc5f0\uc18d \ubaa8\ub4dc\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04\ub2f9 \uc704\ud5d8 \uace0\uc7a5 \ud655\ub960(PFH)\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\"\n },\n {\n \"term\": \"Proof Test Interval (T1)\",\n \"full_name\": \"Proof Test Interval\",\n \"definition\": \"\uc790\uac00 \uc9c4\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c \uac80\ucd9c\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uc228\uc740 \uc704\ud5d8 \uace0\uc7a5(Undetected Failure)\uc744 \ub3c4\ucd9c\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc218\ud589\ud558\ub294 \uc815\uae30 \uc218\ub3d9 \uc810\uac80 \uac04\uaca9\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\"\n },\n {\n \"term\": \"SRS\",\n \"full_name\": \"Safety Requirements Specification\",\n \"definition\": \"\uc704\ud5d8 \ud3c9\uac00 \uacb0\uacfc\uc640 \uc2e4\uc81c \uc0c1\uc138 \ud558\ub4dc\uc6e8\uc5b4\/\uc18c\ud504\ud2b8\uc6e8\uc5b4 \uc124\uacc4\ub97c \uc5f0\uacb0\ud558\ub294 \ud575\uc2ec \uaddc\uaca9 \ubb38\uc11c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\"\n },\n {\n \"term\": \"SFF \/ HFT\",\n \"full_name\": \"Safe Failure Fraction \/ Hardware Fault Tolerance\",\n \"definition\": \"\uc804\uccb4 \uace0\uc7a5 \uc911 \uc548\uc804\ud55c \uace0\uc7a5 \ubc0f \uac80\ucd9c\ub41c \uace0\uc7a5\uc758 \ube44\uc728(SFF)\uacfc \ud558\ub4dc\uc6e8\uc5b4\uac00 \uc5ec\ubd84\uc758 \uc911\ubcf5\uc131(Redundancy)\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\ub294 \uacb0\ud568 \ud5c8\uc6a9\ub3c4(HFT)\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\"\n },\n {\n \"term\": \"Systematic Capability (SC) \/ FSM\",\n \"full_name\": \"Systematic Capability \/ Functional Safety Management\",\n \"definition\": \"\uac1c\ubc1c\uc790\uc758 \uc124\uacc4 \uc624\ub958\ub098 \uc808\ucc28\uc801 \uacb0\ud568 \ub4f1 \uccb4\uacc4\uc801 \uace0\uc7a5(Systematic Failure)\uc744 \ubc29\uc9c0\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \uc815\uc131\uc801 \uc7a5\ube44 \uc5ed\ub7c9 \ub4f1\uae09(SC 1~4) \ubc0f \uc870\uc9c1\uc801 \uad00\ub9ac \uccb4\uacc4(FSM)\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\"\n }\n ],\n \"relationships\": [\n \"HAZID \u2192 HAZOP \u2192 LOPA \u2192 SIL Determination: HAZID\ub85c \uac1c\ub150 \ub2e8\uacc4\uc758 \ub300\ud615 \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \uc2dd\ubcc4\ud558\uace0, HAZOP\uc73c\ub85c \uc0c1\uc138 \uacf5\uc815 \uc774\ud0c8\uc744 \ub3c4\ucd9c\ud558\uba70, LOPA(Layer of Protection Analysis) \ub4f1 \uc815\ub7c9\/semi-\uc815\ub7c9 \ud3c9\uac00\ub97c \uac70\uccd0 \ubaa9\ud45c SIL \ub4f1\uae09\uc744 \uacb0\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\",\n \"Risk \u2192 Tolerable Risk \u2192 ALARP: \uc2dd\ubcc4\ub41c Risk\uac00 \ud5c8\uc6a9 \uae30\uc900(Tolerable Risk)\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub192\uc73c\uba74 ALARP \uc6d0\uce59\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc815\ub7c9\uc801\u00b7\uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \ud3c9\uac00\ub97c \uac70\uccd0 \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \ubaa9\ud45c\uce58 \uc774\ud558\ub85c \ub0ae\ucda5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\",\n \"ALARP \u2192 SIF \/ SIS \u2192 SRS: \uc704\ud5d8 \uac10\ucd95\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uc548\uc804 \ub3d9\uc791\uc778 SIF\uc640 \uc774\ub97c \uc2e4\ud589\ud560 \uc804\uccb4 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc778 SIS\ub97c \uc815\uc758\ud558\uace0, \uc694\uad6c\uc0ac\ud56d\uc744 SRS \ubb38\uc11c\uc5d0 \uae30\uc220\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\",\n \"SRS \u2192 Demand Mode \u2192 SIL (PFDavg\/PFH): \uc6b4\uc804 \uc870\uac74(Demand Mode)\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c SIL\uc758 \uc815\ub7c9\uc801 \ud3c9\uac00 \uc9c0\ud45c\uc778 PFDavg \ub610\ub294 PFH \ubaa9\ud45c \uc218\uce58\uac00 \uc218\ub9bd\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.\",\n \"SIL \u2192 Quantitative (SFF\/HFT\/T1) + Qualitative (SC\/FSM\/V&V): SIL \ub4f1\uae09\uc740 \uc218\uc2dd \uacc4\uc0b0(PFD, T1) \ubc0f \uad6c\uc870\uc801 \uc870\uac74(SFF, HFT)\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc815\ub7c9\uc801 \uac80\uc99d\uacfc, \uccb4\uacc4\uc801 \uace0\uc7a5\uc744 \ub9c9\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ud504\ub85c\uc138\uc2a4 \uc900\uc218(SC, FSM, V-Model)\ub77c\ub294 \uc815\uc131\uc801 \uac80\uc99d\uc744 \ub3d9\uc2dc \ub9cc\uc871\ud574\uc57c \uc644\uc131\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.\"\n ],\n \"engineering_story\": {\n \"step_1\": {\n \"title\": \"[1\ub2e8\uacc4] \uc704\ud5d8 \uc2dd\ubcc4 \ubc0f \ubaa9\ud45c \uc218\ub9bd (Hazard to Risk Target)\",\n \"description\": \"\uc548\uc804 \uc218\uba85\uc8fc\uae30(Safety Life-Cycle)\uc758 \ucd08\uae30 \ub2e8\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uacf5\uc815\uacfc \uc124\ube44\uac00 \uac00\uc9c4 \uc7a0\uc7ac\uc801 \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \uccb4\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc2dd\ubcc4\ud558\uace0 \uc815\ub7c9\ud654\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\",\n \"hazard_identification\": {\n \"hazid\": {\n \"timing\": \"\ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8 \ucd08\uae30 \uac1c\ub150 \uc124\uacc4(FEED) \ub610\ub294 \ubd80\uc9c0 \uc120\uc815 \ub2e8\uacc4\",\n \"purpose\": \"\ud50c\ub79c\ud2b8 \uc804\uccb4 \uad00\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \ud654\uc7ac, \ud3ed\ubc1c, \ub3c5\uc131 \ubb3c\uc9c8 \ub204\ucd9c, \uc790\uc5f0\uc7ac\ud574, \uc678\ubd80 \uc694\uc778 \ub4f1 \ub300\ud615 \uc704\ud5d8(Major Hazards)\uc744 \uc2e0\uc18d\ud558\uac8c \uc2dd\ubcc4\",\n \"features\": \"\uccb4\ud06c\ub9ac\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uae30\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c \uc9c4\ud589\ub418\uba70, \uacf5\uc815 \uc0c1\uc138 \ub3c4\uba74(P&ID)\uc774 \uc791\uc131\ub418\uae30 \uc804\uc5d0 \uc804\uccb4\uc801\uc778 \uc704\ud5d8 \uad00\ub9ac \ubc29\ud5a5\uc744 \uc124\uc815\ud568\"\n },\n \"hazop\": {\n \"timing\": \"\uc0c1\uc138 \uc124\uacc4 \ub2e8\uacc4 (P&ID \uc644\ube44 \uc2dc\uc810)\",\n \"purpose\": \"\uacf5\uc815\uc758 \uc124\uacc4 \uc758\ub3c4(Design Intent)\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc97\uc5b4\ub098\ub294 \uc774\ud0c8(Deviation)\uc774 \uc720\ubc1c\ud558\ub294 \uc704\ud5d8 \ubc0f \uc6b4\uc804\uc131 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ube0c\ub808\uc778\uc2a4\ud1a0\ubc0d \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ub3c4\ucd9c\",\n \"principle\": \"Guide Word (No, More, Less, As Well As, Part Of, Reverse, Other Than) + Process Parameter (Flow, Pressure, Temperature, Level \ub4f1) \u2192 Deviation \ub3c4\ucd9c\",\n \"example\": \"MORE + PRESSURE \u2192 '\ubc18\uc751\uae30 \uacfc\uc555 \ubc1c\uc0dd' (\uc6d0\uc778: \ub0c9\uac01\uc218 \uc815\uc9c0, \uacb0\uacfc: \ubc18\uc751\uae30 \ud30c\uc5f4 \ubc0f \uac00\uc2a4 \ub204\ucd9c)\"\n }\n },\n \"quantitative_risk_modeling\": {\n \"formula\": \"Risk = f * Pe * Pa * C\",\n \"description\": \"HAZID\uc640 HAZOP\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ub3c4\ucd9c\ub41c \uc704\ud5d8 \uc694\uc778\uc758 \ub2e8\uc21c \ubc1c\uc0dd \ube48\ub3c4\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc2e4\uc81c \ud53c\ud574 \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \uc815\ud655\ud788 \uc0b0\uc815\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc6d0\uc778\uc774 \uc2e4\uc81c \uc0ac\uace0\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c0\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0\uc758 \uc138\ubd80 \ud655\ub960 \uc694\uc18c\ub97c \uc815\ubc00\ud558\uac8c \ubd84\ud574\ud558\uc5ec \uacc4\uc0b0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\",\n \"variables\": {\n \"f\": \"Initiating Event Frequency: HAZOP \ub4f1\uc5d0\uc11c \ub3c4\ucd9c\ub41c \ucd08\uae30 \uc704\ud5d8 \uc720\ubc1c \uc6d0\uc778(\ubc38\ube0c \uace0\uc7a5, \ubc30\uad00 \ub204\ucd9c \ub4f1)\uc758 \uc5f0\uac04 \ubc1c\uc0dd \ube48\ub3c4 (yr^-1)\",\n \"Pe\": \"Exposure Probability: \uc704\ud5d8 \uc774\ubca4\ud2b8 \ubc1c\uc0dd \uc2dc, \uc704\ud5d8 \uad6c\uc5ed \ub0b4 \uc0c1\uc8fc \uc778\uc6d0 \ub610\ub294 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc774 \ub178\ucd9c\ub420 \ud655\ub960 (\uc608: \ubb34\uc778 \uad6c\uc5ed\uc778 \uacbd\uc6b0 Pe \u2248 0)\",\n \"Pa\": \"Possibility of Avoidance: \ube44\uc0c1 \uacbd\ubcf4\/\uc0c1\ud669 \ubc1c\uc0dd \uc2dc, \uc791\uc5c5\uc790\uac00 \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \uc778\uc9c0\ud558\uace0 \ube44\uc0c1 \ud0c8\ucd9c\/\ud68c\ud53c\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud560 \ud655\ub960(\ud68c\ud53c \uc2e4\ud328 \ud655\ub960)\",\n \"C\": \"Consequence: \ud68c\ud53c \uc2e4\ud328 \ud6c4 \uc0ac\uace0\uac00 \ucd5c\uc885 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud588\uc744 \ub54c\uc758 \uc190\uc2e4\/\uc778\uba85 \ud53c\ud574 \uaddc\ubaa8\"\n },\n \"summary\": \"\uc218\uc2dd\uc758 (f * Pe * Pa) [\uc2e4\uc81c \uc0ac\uace0\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c8 \ucd5c\uc885 \ube48\ub3c4] \ubd80\ubd84\uc740 \uc704\ud5d8 \uc6d0\uc778 \ubc1c\uc0dd \ube48\ub3c4(f)\uc5d0 \ud604\uc7a5 \ub178\ucd9c \ud655\ub960(Pe)\uacfc \ud68c\ud53c \uc2e4\ud328 \ud655\ub960(Pa)\uc744 \uacf1\ud558\uc5ec \uc2e4\uc81c \uc778\uba85\/\uc124\ube44\uc5d0 \ud53c\ud574\uac00 \ub3c4\ub2ec\ud560 \uc815\ubc00\ud55c \ucd5c\uc885 \ud655\ub960\uc744 \ub3c4\ucd9c\ud55c \ub4a4, \uc774\uc5d0 \ud53c\ud574 \uaddc\ubaa8(C)\ub97c \uacf1\ud574\uc8fc\ub294 \uad6c\uc870\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\"\n },\n \"tolerable_risk_and_alarp\": \"\uc808\ub300\uc801 Zero Risk\ub294 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801\u00b7\uae30\uc220\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc218\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 Tolerable Risk\ub97c \uc124\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub0a8\uc544\uc788\ub294 \uc704\ud5d8\uc774 \uc218\uc6a9 \ud55c\uacc4\ub97c \ub118\uc5b4\uc11c\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0, \uac10\ucd95 \ube44\uc6a9 \ub300\ube44 \ud6a8\uc728\uc131\uc744 \ub530\uc9c0\ub294 ALARP \uc6d0\uce59\uc5d0 \uc758\uac70\ud558\uc5ec \ubc29\ud638\uacc4\ud1b5 \uc218\ub9bd\uc744 \uacb0\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\"\n },\n \"step_2\": {\n \"title\": \"[2\ub2e8\uacc4] \uc548\uc804 \uae30\ub2a5 \uc815\uc758\uc640 SRS \uc791\uc131 (SIF\/SIS & SRS)\",\n \"description\": \"\uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \ucc28\ub2e8\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ub2e8\uc77c \ub3d9\uc791\uc778 SIF\ub97c \uc815\uc758\ud558\uace0, \uc774\ub97c \uc218\ud589\ud560 \uc13c\uc11c, \ub85c\uc9c1 \uc194\ubc84, \ucd5c\uc885 \uc81c\uc5b4 \uc694\uc18c\uc758 \uc9d1\ud569\uccb4\uc778 SIS\ub97c \uad6c\uc131\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc704\ud5d8 \ud3c9\uac00 \uacb0\uacfc\uc640 \uc0c1\uc138 \uc124\uacc4 \ub2e8\uacc4\ub97c \uc5f0\uacb0\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 Safe State, \uc751\ub2f5 \uc2dc\uac04, Proof Test \uc8fc\uae30 \ub4f1\uc744 \uba85\uc2dc\ud55c SRS(\uc548\uc804 \uc694\uad6c\uc0ac\ud56d \uc0ac\uc591\uc11c)\ub97c \uc791\uc131\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\"\n },\n \"step_3\": {\n \"title\": \"[3\ub2e8\uacc4] SIL \uac1c\ub150\uc758 \uc0c1\uc138 \ubd84\uc11d \ubc0f \uc774\uc911 \uac80\uc99d (SIL Deep Dive)\",\n \"description\": \"SIL\uc740 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \ub2e8\ud488 \uc7a5\ube44 \uc2a4\ud399\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc, \uc13c\uc11c-\ub85c\uc9c1\uc194\ubc84-\uad6c\ub3d9\ubd80\ub85c \uc5f0\uacb0\ub41c SIF(\uc548\uc804 \uacc4\uc7a5 \uae30\ub2a5) \ub8e8\ud504 \uc804\uccb4\uc5d0 \ubd80\uc5ec\ub418\ub294 \uc815\ub7c9\uc801\u00b7\uc815\uc131\uc801 \uc2e0\ub8b0\ub3c4 \ud1b5\ud569 \ucc99\ub3c4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\",\n \"quantitative_verification\": {\n \"demand_mode_criteria\": {\n \"description\": \"\ube44\uc0c1 \uc791\ub3d9 \uc694\uad6c\uac00 \uc5f0 1\ud68c \uc774\ud558\uc778 Low Demand\uc77c \ub54c\ub294 PFDavg \uc9c0\ud45c\ub97c, \uc5f0 1\ud68c \ucd08\uacfc\uc774\uac70\ub098 \uc5f0\uc18d \uc6b4\uc804\uc778 High\/Continuous Demand\uc77c \ub54c\ub294 PFH \uc9c0\ud45c\ub97c \uae30\uc900\uc73c\ub85c SIL 1~4 \ub4f1\uae09\uc744 \ud310\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\",\n \"sil_table\": [\n {\n \"sil_level\": \"SIL 4\",\n \"low_demand_pfd\": \"10^-5 <= PFD < 10^-4\",\n \"high_continuous_pfh_per_hr\": \"10^-9 <= PFH < 10^-8\",\n \"risk_reduction_factor_rrf\": \"10,000 ~ 100,000\"\n },\n {\n \"sil_level\": \"SIL 3\",\n \"low_demand_pfd\": \"10^-4 <= PFD < 10^-3\",\n \"high_continuous_pfh_per_hr\": \"10^-8 <= PFH < 10^-7\",\n \"risk_reduction_factor_rrf\": \"1,000 ~ 10,000\"\n },\n {\n \"sil_level\": \"SIL 2\",\n \"low_demand_pfd\": \"10^-3 <= PFD < 10^-2\",\n \"high_continuous_pfh_per_hr\": \"10^-7 <= PFH < 10^-6\",\n \"risk_reduction_factor_rrf\": \"100 ~ 1,000\"\n },\n {\n \"sil_level\": \"SIL 1\",\n \"low_demand_pfd\": \"10^-2 <= PFD < 10^-1\",\n \"high_continuous_pfh_per_hr\": \"10^-6 <= PFH < 10^-5\",\n \"risk_reduction_factor_rrf\": \"10 ~ 100\"\n }\n ]\n },\n \"key_factors\": [\n \"Proof Test Interval (T1) \ubc0f Coverage (C): 1oo1 \uad6c\uc870\uc5d0\uc11c PFDavg \u2248 (\u03bbDU * T1) \/ 2 \uc218\uc2dd\uacfc \uac19\uc774, \uc790\uac00 \uc9c4\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c \ucc3e\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\ub294 \uc704\ud5d8 \uace0\uc7a5\ub960(\u03bbDU) \uc678\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc218\ub3d9 \uc815\uae30 \uc810\uac80 \uc8fc\uae30(T1)\uc640 \ubcf5\uad6c\uc728\uc778 Proof Test Coverage (C)\uac00 PFD \uc218\uce58\uc640 SIL \ub2ec\uc131 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \uc9c1\uc811 \uacb0\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\",\n \"PST (Partial Stroke Test): \ucc28\ub2e8 \ubc38\ube0c(ESDV) \ub4f1\uc744 5~15%\ub9cc \uc624\ud504\ub77c\uc778 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub85c \ub3d9\uc791\uc2dc\ucf1c \uad6c\ub3d9\ubd80 \uace0\uc7a5\uc744 \uc9c4\ub2e8\ud558\ub294 \uae30\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c, \uc810\uac80 \uc8fc\uae30(T1) \uc0ac\uc774 \ub3d9\uc548 PFD\uac00 \uae09\uc99d\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc5b5\uc81c\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\",\n \"\ud558\ub4dc\uc6e8\uc5b4 \uad6c\uc870\uc801 \uc81c\uc57d (Architectural Constraints): \ub2e8\uc21c PFD \uacc4\uc0b0 \uc218\uce58\ub9cc \ub192\uc544\uc11c\ub294 \uc548 \ub418\uba70, \uc7a5\ube44\uc758 \uc548\uc804 \uace0\uc7a5 \ube44\uc728(SFF)\uacfc \ub2e4\uc911\ud654 \uc5ec\uc720\ub3c4\ub97c \ub73b\ud558\ub294 \ud558\ub4dc\uc6e8\uc5b4 \uacb0\ud568 \ud5c8\uc6a9\ub3c4(HFT) \uae30\uc900\uc744 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \ucda9\uc871\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. SFF = (\u03a3\u03bbS + \u03a3\u03bbDD) \/ \u03a3\u03bbtotal = (\u03bbSD + \u03bbSU + \u03bbDD) \/ (\u03bbSD + \u03bbSU + \u03bbDD + \u03bbDU)\",\n \"Common Cause Failure (\u03b2-factor): 1oo2 [PFDavg \u2248 (\u03bbDU * T1)^2 \/ 3 + (\u03b2 * \u03bbDU * T1) \/ 2], 2oo3 \ub4f1 \uc7a5\ube44\ub97c \ub2e4\uc911\ud654 \uad6c\uc131\ud558\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \ub3d9\uc77c \uc804\uc6d0 \ubb38\uc81c, \ub099\ub8b0 \ub4f1\uc73c\ub85c \ud55c \ubc88\uc5d0 \uace0\uc7a5 \ub098\ub294 \ube44\uc728(\u03b2)\uc774 \ub192\uc73c\uba74 \ub2e8\uc77c \uad6c\uc870(1oo1) \uc218\uc900\uc73c\ub85c PFD\uac00 \uc545\ud654\ub418\ubbc0\ub85c \ubb3c\ub9ac\uc801\u00b7\uc804\uae30\uc801 \ubd84\ub9ac \uc124\uacc4\ub97c \ubc18\uc601\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\"\n ]\n },\n \"qualitative_verification\": [\n \"Systematic Failure (\uccb4\uacc4\uc801 \uace0\uc7a5) \ud1b5\uc81c: \ubb34\uc791\uc704 \ud558\ub4dc\uc6e8\uc5b4 \uace0\uc7a5\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc \uac1c\ubc1c \ub2e8\uacc4\uc758 \uc124\uacc4 \uc624\ub958, \uc18c\ud504\ud2b8\uc6e8\uc5b4 \ubc84\uadf8, \uc778\uc801 \uc2e4\uc218\ub97c \ub9c9\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \uac80\uc99d\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\",\n \"FSM \ubc0f SC (Systematic Capability): \uc870\uc9c1 \ucc28\uc6d0\uc758 \uae30\ub2a5\uc548\uc804 \uad00\ub9ac \uccb4\uacc4(FSM) \ubc0f \uc7a5\ube44\/\uc18c\ud504\ud2b8\uc6e8\uc5b4 \uac1c\ubc1c \uc808\ucc28\uc758 \uc815\ubc00\ub3c4\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\ub294 Systematic Capability (SC 1~4) \uc5ed\ub7c9 \ub4f1\uae09\uc744 \uac16\ucdb0\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\",\n \"V-Model \uae30\ubc18 V&V: \uc548\uc804 \uc694\uad6c\uc0ac\ud56d \uc0ac\uc591\uc11c(SRS) \uc791\uc131\ubd80\ud130 \uc0c1\uc138 \uc124\uacc4, \ub2e8\uc704\/\ud1b5\ud569 \ud14c\uc2a4\ud2b8, \uc2dc\uc6b4\uc804\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc77c\ub300\uc77c \uac80\uc99d(Verification) \ubc0f \ud655\uc778(Validation) \uc808\ucc28\ub97c \uac70\uce69\ub2c8\ub2e4.\"\n ],\n \"verification_vs_assessment\": {\n \"sil_verification\": \"\uae30\uc220\uc801 \uac80\uc99d: \uc124\uacc4\ub41c SIF \ub8e8\ud504\uc758 PFD\/PFH, SFF, HFT \uacc4\uc0b0\uac12\uc774 \ubaa9\ud45c SIL \ub4f1\uae09\uc744 \uc815\ub7c9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub9cc\uc871\ud558\ub294\uc9c0 \uc218\uc2dd\uacfc \uace0\uc7a5\ub960 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub85c \uc0b0\ucd9c\u00b7\ud655\uc778\ud558\ub294 \uc5d4\uc9c0\ub2c8\uc5b4\ub9c1 \uc791\uc5c5\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\",\n \"sil_assessment\": \"\uccb4\uacc4\uc801 \ud3c9\uac00: \uc815\ub7c9\uc801 \uacc4\uc0b0 \uacb0\uacfc\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c FSM \uad00\ub9ac \uccb4\uacc4, SC \ub4f1\uae09, V&V \ubb38\uc11c\ud654 \ub4f1 \uc815\uc131\uc801 \ud504\ub85c\uc138\uc2a4 \uc694\uad6c\uc0ac\ud56d\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\uc5ec \ud574\ub2f9 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc774 IEC 61508\/61511 \ud45c\uc900\uc744 \ucda9\uc871\ud558\ub294\uc9c0 \uc885\ud569 \uc2ec\uc0ac\u00b7\uc778\uc99d\ud558\ub294 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc801 \ud3c9\uac00 \uc808\ucc28\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\"\n }\n },\n \"step_4\": {\n \"title\": \"[4\ub2e8\uacc4] \uc218\uba85\uc8fc\uae30 \ud3c9\uac00 \uc808\ucc28 \ubc0f \uacbd\uc81c\uc131 \ub2ec\uc131 (Assessment & Life-Cycle)\",\n \"description\": \"\uc548\uc804 \uad00\ub9ac\ub294 IEC 61508 Safety Life-Cycle\uc5d0 \uc758\uac70\ud574 FSM \uc218\ub9bd, \uc704\ud5d8 \ubaa9\ud45c \uc0b0\uc815, SIF \uc2dd\ubcc4, SIL \uacb0\uc815, \uc815\ub7c9\uc801 \ud3c9\uac00, \uc815\uc131\uc801 \ud3c9\uac00, ALARP \uc785\uc99d\uc774\ub77c\ub294 7\ub2e8\uacc4 Assessment \uc808\ucc28\ub85c \uc6b4\uc601 \ubc0f \ud3d0\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc774\uc5b4\uc9d1\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uaddc\uaca9 \uc900\uc218\uc5d0 \ub4dc\ub294 \ube44\uc6a9(Cost of Compliance)\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc0ac\uace0 \ubc1c\uc0dd \uc2dc\uc758 \ub9c9\ub300\ud55c \ubc95\uc801\u00b7\uc7ac\uc815\uc801 \uc190\uc2e4(Cost of Non-Compliance)\uc744 \uc608\ubc29\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \ud0c0\ub2f9\uc131\uc744 \ud655\ubcf4\ud558\uac8c \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.\"\n },\n \"step_5\": {\n \"title\": \"[5\ub2e8\uacc4] \uae30\ub2a5\uc548\uc804 \uaddc\uaca9\uc758 7\ub300 \uad6c\uc870 \ubc0f \ube44\uc6a9 \uacbd\uc81c\uc131 \ubd84\uc11d (Standards Structure & Costs)\",\n \"iec_61508_7_parts\": [\n {\n \"part\": \"Part 1\",\n \"name\": \"General Requirements\",\n \"description\": \"\uae30\ub2a5\uc548\uc804 \uad00\ub9ac(FSM), \uc218\uba85\uc8fc\uae30 \uc804\ubc18\uc758 \uc77c\ubc18 \uc694\uad6c\uc0ac\ud56d \ubc0f \uc704\ud5d8 \ud3c9\uac00 \uc815\uc758.\"\n },\n {\n \"part\": \"Part 2\",\n \"name\": \"E\/E\/PE Safety-Related Systems\",\n \"description\": \"\uc804\uae30\u00b7\uc804\uc790\u00b7\ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub798\ubc0d \uc804\uc790 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c(E\/E\/PE) \ud558\ub4dc\uc6e8\uc5b4 \uc124\uacc4 \ubc0f \ubb34\uacb0\uc131 \uc694\uad6c\uc0ac\ud56d.\"\n },\n {\n \"part\": \"Part 3\",\n \"name\": \"Software Requirements\",\n \"description\": \"\uc548\uc804 \uad00\ub828 \uc18c\ud504\ud2b8\uc6e8\uc5b4 \uac1c\ubc1c, \uad6c\uc870, \uac80\uc99d\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uc694\uad6c\uc0ac\ud56d.\"\n },\n {\n \"part\": \"Part 4\",\n \"name\": \"Definitions and Abbreviations\",\n \"description\": \"\ud45c\uc900 \uc804\ubc18\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \uc804\ubb38 \uc6a9\uc5b4 \ubc0f \uc57d\uc5b4 \uc815\uc758.\"\n },\n {\n \"part\": \"Part 5\",\n \"name\": \"Methods for Determining SIL\",\n \"description\": \"SIL \uc815\ub7c9\uc801\u00b7\uc815\uc131\uc801 \uacb0\uc815 \ubc29\ubc95\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uac00\uc774\ub4dc \ubc0f \uc608\uc2dc.\"\n },\n {\n \"part\": \"Part 6\",\n \"name\": \"Guidelines on the Application of Parts 2 and 3\",\n \"description\": \"\ud558\ub4dc\uc6e8\uc5b4 \ubc0f \uc18c\ud504\ud2b8\uc6e8\uc5b4 \uc548\uc804 \ubb34\uacb0\uc131 \uacc4\uc0b0 \uc608\uc2dc \ubc0f \uc801\uc6a9 \uc9c0\uce68.\"\n },\n {\n \"part\": \"Part 7\",\n \"name\": \"Overview of Techniques and Measures\",\n \"description\": \"\uccb4\uacc4\uc801 \uace0\uc7a5 \ubc29\uc9c0 \ubc0f \uc124\uacc4 \uae30\ubc95\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc0c1\uc138 \uae30\ubc95 \ubaa9\ub85d.\"\n }\n ],\n \"economic_analysis\": {\n \"cost_of_compliance\": \"FSM \uc870\uc9c1 \uc6b4\uc601, \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc801 SIL Verification \ubc0f Assessment \uc218\uc218\ub8cc, \uc911\ubcf5 \uc124\uacc4(Redundancy) \uc801\uc6a9, \uc8fc\uae30\uc801 Proof Testing \uc218\ud589\uc5d0 \ud22c\uc785\ub418\ub294 \uc9c1\uc811 \ube44\uc6a9\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\",\n \"savings_from_implementing\": \"\uccb4\uacc4\uc801\uc778 \uc704\ud5d8 \uad00\ub9ac\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uacf5\uc815 \uac00\ub3d9 \uc911\ub2e8(Downtime)\uc744 \uc904\uc774\uace0 \uc124\ube44 \uc218\uba85\uc744 \uc5f0\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \uac04\uc811\uc801 \uc774\uc775\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\",\n \"cost_of_non_compliance\": \"\uc548\uc804 \uae30\uc900\uc744 \ubb34\uc2dc\ud558\uc5ec \ub300\ud615 \ud654\uc7ac, \ud3ed\ubc1c, \ud658\uacbd \uc624\uc5fc \uc0ac\uace0\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud588\uc744 \ub54c \ubd80\uacfc\ub418\ub294 \ub9c9\ub300\ud55c \uc778\uba85 \ud53c\ud574 \ubc30\uc0c1\uae08, \ubc95\uc801 \ubc8c\uae08, \uc2dc\uc124 \ubcf5\uad6c\ube44 \ubc0f \uae30\uc5c5 \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0 \ucd94\ub77d\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud55c \uc601\uc5c5 \uc190\uc2e4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\"\n },\n \"conclusion\": \"\uae30\ub2a5\uc548\uc804 \ubaa9\ud45c \uc124\uc815\uacfc \uc218\uba85\uc8fc\uae30 \uc5d4\uc9c0\ub2c8\uc5b4\ub9c1\uc740 \ucca0\uc800\ud55c \ub9ac\uc2a4\ud06c \uae30\ubc18\uc758 \u2018\uc548\uc804 \ub17c\uc99d(Safety Argument)\u2019\uc744 \uad6c\ucd95\ud558\uc5ec \uaddc\uc81c\uae30\uad00 \ubc0f \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uc694\uad6c\ub97c \ucda9\uc871\ud558\uace0, \ud50c\ub79c\ud2b8\uc758 \uc548\uc804\uc131\uacfc \uacbd\uc81c\uc131\uc744 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \ub2ec\uc131\ud558\ub294 \ud575\uc2ec \uc5d4\uc9c0\ub2c8\uc5b4\ub9c1 \uc808\ucc28\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\"\n }\n }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\ucca8\ubd80\ub41c \ucc45(\u300aThe Safety Critical Systems Handbook: A Straightforward Guide to Functional Safety\u300b)\uc740 \ucd1d 16\uac1c\uc758 \uc7a5(Chapter)\uacfc \ubd80\ub85d\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ub41c \uc804\ubb38 \uae30\uc220 \uc11c\uc801\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1185],"tags":[2133,2134,2136,2135,1398],"class_list":["post-9383","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-1185","tag-alarp-2","tag-pfd-pfh-2","tag-proof-test-interval-2","tag-safety-life-cycle","tag-sil"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9383","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9383"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9383\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9394,"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9383\/revisions\/9394"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9383"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9383"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9383"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}