{"id":9398,"date":"2026-08-24T23:25:44","date_gmt":"2026-08-24T14:25:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/?p=9398"},"modified":"2026-08-28T11:40:02","modified_gmt":"2026-08-28T02:40:02","slug":"the-safety-critical-system-chapter2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/the-safety-critical-system-chapter2\/","title":{"rendered":"The Safety Critical System, Chapter2"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n \n Chapter 2 \ubaa9\ud45c SIL \uacb0\uc815\uc758 \uc815\ud655\ud55c \uc808\ucc28<\/title>\n <style>\n :root {\n --navy: #1f3a5f;\n --navy2: #315c88;\n --bluegray: #eaf0f6;\n --green: #eaf5ee;\n --yellow: #fff7dd;\n --red: #fcebec;\n --line: #cbd5e1;\n --text: #1f2933;\n --muted: #5b6775;\n --bg: #f5f7fa;\n --white: #ffffff;\n --accent: #a45a18;\n --shadow: 0 10px 28px rgba(31,58,95,.10);\n }\n\n * { box-sizing: border-box; }\n\n html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }\n\n body {\n margin: 0;\n font-family: \"Noto Sans KR\", \"Malgun Gothic\", \"Apple SD Gothic Neo\", sans-serif;\n color: var(--text);\n background: var(--bg);\n line-height: 1.72;\n word-break: keep-all;\n }\n\n a {\n color: var(--navy);\n text-decoration: none;\n }\n\n a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\n\n .page {\n width: min(1500px, 96vw);\n margin: 0 auto;\n padding: 24px 0 60px;\n }\n\n .toolbar {\n position: sticky;\n top: 8px;\n z-index: 30;\n display: flex;\n justify-content: flex-end;\n margin-bottom: 12px;\n }\n\n button {\n border: 0;\n border-radius: 10px;\n padding: 10px 14px;\n color: #fff;\n background: var(--navy);\n font-weight: 800;\n cursor: pointer;\n box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(31,58,95,.18);\n }\n\n button:hover { background: var(--navy2); }\n\n .hero {\n background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--navy), var(--navy2));\n color: #fff;\n border-radius: 18px;\n padding: 40px 42px;\n box-shadow: var(--shadow);\n }\n\n .hero h1 {\n margin: 0;\n font-size: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3.8rem);\n line-height: 1.18;\n letter-spacing: -.03em;\n }\n\n .hero p {\n margin: 14px 0 0;\n font-size: clamp(1rem, 1.7vw, 1.35rem);\n opacity: .95;\n }\n\n .callout {\n margin: 22px 0;\n padding: 18px 20px;\n border-radius: 12px;\n border: 1px solid var(--navy);\n border-left: 6px solid var(--navy);\n background: var(--bluegray);\n }\n\n .callout.warn {\n border-color: var(--accent);\n border-left-color: var(--accent);\n background: var(--yellow);\n }\n\n .callout strong {\n color: var(--navy);\n }\n\n .callout.warn strong {\n color: var(--accent);\n }\n\n .toc {\n background: var(--white);\n border-radius: 16px;\n padding: 22px 24px;\n margin: 22px 0;\n box-shadow: var(--shadow);\n }\n\n .toc h2 { margin-top: 0; }\n\n .toc-grid {\n display: grid;\n grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr));\n gap: 10px 18px;\n }\n\n .toc a {\n display: block;\n padding: 10px 12px;\n border: 1px solid #e6ecf2;\n border-radius: 10px;\n background: #f8fafc;\n font-weight: 800;\n }\n\n main {\n background: var(--white);\n border-radius: 18px;\n padding: 34px 42px;\n box-shadow: var(--shadow);\n }\n\n section { scroll-margin-top: 20px; }\n\n h2 {\n margin: 2.3em 0 .8em;\n padding-bottom: .35em;\n border-bottom: 3px solid var(--navy);\n color: var(--navy);\n font-size: clamp(1.55rem, 2.4vw, 2.25rem);\n line-height: 1.35;\n letter-spacing: -.02em;\n }\n\n h3 {\n margin: 1.7em 0 .55em;\n color: var(--navy2);\n font-size: clamp(1.18rem, 1.8vw, 1.55rem);\n }\n\n h4 {\n margin: 1.2em 0 .35em;\n color: var(--navy);\n font-size: 1.08rem;\n }\n\n p { margin: .5em 0 1em; }\n\n ul, ol { padding-left: 1.55em; }\n\n li { margin: .28em 0; }\n\n .key {\n color: var(--navy);\n font-weight: 800;\n }\n\n .formula {\n margin: 18px 0;\n padding: 17px 20px;\n border: 1px solid var(--line);\n border-radius: 12px;\n background: #f8fafc;\n text-align: center;\n font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;\n font-size: 1.16rem;\n overflow-x: auto;\n }\n\n .flow {\n display: flex;\n flex-wrap: wrap;\n gap: 10px;\n align-items: center;\n margin: 18px 0;\n }\n\n .step {\n flex: 1 1 210px;\n min-width: 180px;\n padding: 14px 15px;\n border: 1px solid #bfd9c9;\n border-radius: 12px;\n background: var(--green);\n text-align: center;\n font-weight: 800;\n }\n\n .arrow {\n color: var(--navy);\n font-size: 1.45rem;\n font-weight: 900;\n }\n\n .table-wrap {\n width: 100%;\n overflow-x: auto;\n margin: 18px 0 24px;\n border: 1px solid var(--line);\n border-radius: 12px;\n }\n\n table {\n width: 100%;\n min-width: 780px;\n border-collapse: collapse;\n background: #fff;\n }\n\n th, td {\n padding: 13px 14px;\n border-bottom: 1px solid #e5eaf0;\n vertical-align: top;\n text-align: left;\n }\n\n th {\n background: var(--bluegray);\n color: var(--navy);\n font-weight: 800;\n }\n\n tr:last-child td { border-bottom: 0; }\n\n .summary-grid {\n display: grid;\n grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(240px, 1fr));\n gap: 14px;\n margin: 18px 0;\n }\n\n .summary-card {\n border: 1px solid #e5d9a4;\n border-radius: 13px;\n padding: 16px;\n background: var(--yellow);\n }\n\n .summary-card strong { color: var(--navy); }\n\n .footer {\n margin-top: 38px;\n color: var(--muted);\n font-size: .95rem;\n text-align: center;\n }\n\n @media (max-width: 900px) {\n .page {\n width: 100%;\n padding: 0;\n }\n\n .hero, .toc, main {\n border-radius: 0;\n }\n\n .hero {\n padding: 28px 22px;\n }\n\n .toc {\n margin: 0;\n padding: 20px 18px;\n }\n\n main {\n padding: 24px 18px;\n }\n\n .arrow { display: none; }\n\n table { min-width: 680px; }\n\n .toolbar {\n top: 0;\n margin: 0;\n padding: 8px;\n background: rgba(245,247,250,.92);\n }\n }\n\n @media print {\n body { background: #fff; }\n .page { width: 100%; padding: 0; }\n .toolbar, .toc { display: none; }\n .hero, main {\n box-shadow: none;\n border-radius: 0;\n }\n .hero {\n background: #fff;\n color: #000;\n padding: 0 0 18px;\n border-bottom: 2px solid #000;\n }\n .hero h1, .hero p { color: #000; }\n main { padding: 0; }\n h2 { break-after: avoid; }\n .table-wrap { overflow: visible; }\n table { min-width: 0; }\n a { color: #000; text-decoration: none; }\n }\n <\/style>\n\n\n <div class=\"page\">\n <div class=\"toolbar\">\n <button type=\"button\" onclick=\"window.print()\">\uc778\uc1c4 \/ PDF \uc800\uc7a5<\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n <header class=\"hero\">\n <h1>Chapter 2 \ubaa9\ud45c SIL \uacb0\uc815\uc758 \uc815\ud655\ud55c \uc808\ucc28<\/h1>\n <p><em>The Safety Critical Systems Handbook<\/em> \uae30\ubc18<\/p>\n <\/header>\n\n <div class=\"callout\">\n <strong>\uc774 \ubb38\uc11c\uc758 \ubaa9\uc801<\/strong><br>\n Chapter 2\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec\uc740 SIL \ud45c\uc5d0\uc11c \ub4f1\uae09\uc744 \ubc14\ub85c \uace0\ub974\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n \uba3c\uc800 \ud5c8\uc6a9 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \uc815\ud558\uace0, \uc0ac\uace0\uac00 \uc0ac\ub9dd \ub610\ub294 \uc190\uc2e4\ub85c \uc804\ud30c\ub418\ub294 \ud655\ub960\uacfc \uae30\uc874 \ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35\uc744 \ubc18\uc601\ud558\uc5ec\n <span class=\"key\">\ucd5c\ub300 \ud5c8\uc6a9 \uc704\ud5d8\uc0ac\uac74 \ube48\ub3c4<\/span>\ub97c \uad6c\ud55c\ub2e4.\n \uadf8\ub2e4\uc74c \uc548\uc804\uae30\ub2a5\uc774 \ub2f4\ub2f9\ud574\uc57c \ud560 \ubaa9\ud45c PFD \ub610\ub294 PFH\ub97c \uacc4\uc0b0\ud55c \ub4a4 \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9\uc5d0 SIL \uad6c\uac04\uc744 \ud310\uc815\ud55c\ub2e4.\n <\/div>\n\n <nav class=\"toc\">\n <h2>\ubaa9\ucc28<\/h2>\n <div class=\"toc-grid\">\n <a href=\"#meaning\">1. Chapter 2\uac00 \uacb0\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uac83<\/a>\n <a href=\"#flow\">2. \ubaa9\ud45c SIL \uacb0\uc815\uc758 \uc804\uccb4 \ud750\ub984<\/a>\n <a href=\"#risk\">3. \uc704\ud5d8 \uc2dc\ub098\ub9ac\uc624\uc640 \ud5c8\uc6a9 \uc704\ud5d8<\/a>\n <a href=\"#frequency\">4. \ucd5c\ub300 \ud5c8\uc6a9 \uc704\ud5d8\uc0ac\uac74 \ube48\ub3c4<\/a>\n <a href=\"#mode\">5. \uc6b4\uc804\ubaa8\ub4dc \uacb0\uc815<\/a>\n <a href=\"#pfd\">6. \uc800\uc218\uc694 \ubaa9\ud45c PFD<\/a>\n <a href=\"#pfh\">7. \uace0\uc218\uc694\u00b7\uc5f0\uc18d \ubaa9\ud45c PFH<\/a>\n <a href=\"#sil-table\">8. SIL \uad6c\uac04 \ud310\uc815<\/a>\n <a href=\"#allocation\">9. \ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35\ubcc4 SIL \ud560\ub2f9<\/a>\n <a href=\"#lopa\">10. LOPA<\/a>\n <a href=\"#risk-graph\">11. Risk Graph<\/a>\n <a href=\"#function\">12. SIL\uc740 \uc548\uc804\uae30\ub2a5\uc5d0 \ubd80\uc5ec<\/a>\n <a href=\"#edge\">13. SIL 1 \ubbf8\ub9cc\uacfc SIL 4<\/a>\n <a href=\"#alarp\">14. ALARP<\/a>\n <a href=\"#checklist\">15. \uccb4\ud06c\ub9ac\uc2a4\ud2b8<\/a>\n <a href=\"#exam\">16. \uae30\uc220\uc0ac \ub2f5\uc548\uc6a9 \uc694\uc57d<\/a>\n <\/div>\n <\/nav>\n\n <main>\n <section id=\"meaning\">\n <h2>1. Chapter 2\uac00 \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \uacb0\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uac83<\/h2>\n <p>\n Chapter 2\ub294 \uc124\uacc4\uac00 \ub2ec\uc131\ud55c SIL\uc744 \uc778\uc99d\ud558\ub294 \uc7a5\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n \uc704\ud5d8\ubd84\uc11d\uc744 \ubc14\ud0d5\uc73c\ub85c \uac01 \uc548\uc804\uae30\ub2a5\uc774 \ub2ec\uc131\ud574\uc57c \ud560\n <span class=\"key\">\ubaa9\ud45c SIL(Target SIL)<\/span>\uc744 \uc815\ud558\ub294 \uc7a5\uc774\ub2e4.\n <\/p>\n\n <div class=\"formula\">\ubaa9\ud45c SIL = \ud574\ub2f9 \uc548\uc804\uae30\ub2a5\uc5d0 \uc694\uad6c\ub418\ub294 \uc704\ud5d8\uc800\uac10 \uc218\uc900<\/div>\n\n <p>Chapter 2\uc758 \uacb0\uacfc\ub294 \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0 \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \ub0a8\ub294\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <ol>\n <li>\ub79c\ub364 \ud558\ub4dc\uc6e8\uc5b4 \uace0\uc7a5 \ud3c9\uac00\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc815\ud655\ud55c \uc218\uce58\ubaa9\ud45c: PFD<sub>avg<\/sub> \ub610\ub294 PFH<\/li>\n <li>\uccb4\uacc4\uc801 \uace0\uc7a5\uc744 \ud1b5\uc81c\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c SIL \ub4f1\uae09\ubcc4 \uc0dd\uba85\uc8fc\uae30 \uc5c4\uaca9\ub3c4<\/li>\n <\/ol>\n\n <div class=\"callout warn\">\n <strong>\uac00\uc7a5 \ud754\ud55c \uc624\ub958<\/strong><br>\n \uc704\ud5d8 \uc2dc\ub098\ub9ac\uc624\uc640 \ud5c8\uc6a9 \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \uacc4\uc0b0\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \u201c\uc774 \uae30\ub2a5\uc740 \uc911\uc694\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c SIL 2\u201d\ub77c\uace0 \uba3c\uc800 \uc815\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740\n Chapter 2\uc758 \uc21c\uc11c\uc640 \ubc18\ub300\uc774\ub2e4. SIL\uc740 \uc704\ud5d8\ubd84\uc11d\uc758 \ucd9c\ubc1c\uc810\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uacc4\uc0b0\uc758 \uacb0\uacfc\uc774\ub2e4.\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <section id=\"flow\">\n <h2>2. \ubaa9\ud45c SIL \uacb0\uc815\uc758 \uc804\uccb4 \ud750\ub984<\/h2>\n\n <div class=\"flow\">\n <div class=\"step\">1. \uc704\ud5d8 \uc2dc\ub098\ub9ac\uc624\uc640 \uacb0\uacfc \uc815\uc758<\/div>\n <div class=\"arrow\">\u2192<\/div>\n <div class=\"step\">2. \ucd5c\ub300 \ud5c8\uc6a9 \uc704\ud5d8 R<sub>max<\/sub> \uc124\uc815<\/div>\n <div class=\"arrow\">\u2192<\/div>\n <div class=\"step\">3. \uc804\ud30c\ud655\ub960\u00b7\ub178\ucd9c\u00b7\uc678\ubd80 \ubcf4\ud638\uc218\ub2e8 \ubc18\uc601<\/div>\n <div class=\"arrow\">\u2192<\/div>\n <div class=\"step\">4. \ucd5c\ub300 \ud5c8\uc6a9 \uc704\ud5d8\uc0ac\uac74 \ube48\ub3c4 F<sub>H,max<\/sub><\/div>\n <div class=\"arrow\">\u2192<\/div>\n <div class=\"step\">5. \uc800\uc218\uc694\u00b7\uace0\uc218\uc694 \ubaa8\ub4dc \uad6c\ubd84<\/div>\n <div class=\"arrow\">\u2192<\/div>\n <div class=\"step\">6. \ubaa9\ud45c PFD \ub610\ub294 PFH \uacc4\uc0b0<\/div>\n <div class=\"arrow\">\u2192<\/div>\n <div class=\"step\">7. \uc548\uc804\uae30\ub2a5\u00b7\ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35\ubcc4 \ud560\ub2f9<\/div>\n <div class=\"arrow\">\u2192<\/div>\n <div class=\"step\">8. SIL \uad6c\uac04 \ud310\uc815<\/div>\n <div class=\"arrow\">\u2192<\/div>\n <div class=\"step\">9. ALARP \uac80\ud1a0<\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout\">\n <strong>\ud575\uc2ec \uad6c\ubd84<\/strong><br>\n <span class=\"key\">\ucd5c\ub300 \ud5c8\uc6a9 \uc704\ud5d8<\/span>\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc5d0\uac8c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\ub9dd\u00b7\uc0c1\ud574 \ub4f1\uc758 \ucd5c\uc885 \uc704\ud5d8 \ubaa9\ud45c\uc774\ub2e4.\n <span class=\"key\">\ucd5c\ub300 \ud5c8\uc6a9 \uc704\ud5d8\uc0ac\uac74 \ube48\ub3c4<\/span>\ub294 \uc124\ube44\uc758 \uc704\ud5d8\uc0ac\uac74\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud574\ub3c4 \ub418\ub294 \ucd5c\ub300 \ube48\ub3c4\uc774\ub2e4.\n <span class=\"key\">\ubaa9\ud45c PFD\/PFH<\/span>\ub294 \uadf8 \uc704\ud5d8\uc0ac\uac74\uc744 \ubc29\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \uc548\uc804\uae30\ub2a5\uc5d0 \uc694\uad6c\ub418\ub294 \uc2e0\ub8b0\ub3c4\uc774\ub2e4.\n <span class=\"key\">SIL<\/span>\uc740 \uacc4\uc0b0\ub41c PFD\/PFH\uac00 \uc18d\ud558\ub294 \ub4f1\uae09\uc774\ub2e4.\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <section id=\"risk\">\n <h2>3. 1\ub2e8\uacc4: \uc704\ud5d8 \uc2dc\ub098\ub9ac\uc624\uc640 \ucd5c\ub300 \ud5c8\uc6a9 \uc704\ud5d8<\/h2>\n\n <h3>3.1 \uc704\ud5d8 \uc2dc\ub098\ub9ac\uc624\ub97c \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\uc758\ud55c\ub2e4<\/h3>\n <div class=\"formula\">\ud0f1\ud06c \uacfc\ucda9\uc804 \u2192 \uac00\uc2a4 \ubc29\ucd9c \u2192 \uc810\ud654 \u2192 \ud3ed\ubc1c \u2192 \uc0ac\ub9dd<\/div>\n <p>\uc704\ud5d8 \uc2dc\ub098\ub9ac\uc624\uc5d0\ub294 \ucd5c\uc18c\ud55c \ub2e4\uc74c\uc774 \ud3ec\ud568\ub418\uc5b4\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <ul>\n <li>\ucd08\uae30\uc0ac\uac74 \ub610\ub294 \uc6d0\uc778<\/li>\n <li>\ubcf4\ud638\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc124\ube44\uc758 \uc704\ud5d8\uc0ac\uac74<\/li>\n <li>\uc0ac\uace0\uac00 \ucd5c\uc885 \uacb0\uacfc\ub85c \uc9c4\ud589\ub418\ub294 \uc870\uac74<\/li>\n <li>\ub178\ucd9c \uc778\uc6d0\uacfc \ub178\ucd9c\uc2dc\uac04<\/li>\n <li>\uae30\uc874\uc758 \ub3c5\ub9bd \ubcf4\ud638\uc218\ub2e8<\/li>\n <li>\uc0ac\ub9dd\u00b7\uc0c1\ud574\u00b7\ud658\uacbd\uc190\uc2e4 \ub4f1\uc758 \ucd5c\uc885 \uacb0\uacfc<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n <h3>3.2 \uac1c\uc778\uc704\ud5d8\uacfc \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uc704\ud5d8<\/h3>\n <p>\n <span class=\"key\">\uac1c\uc778\uc704\ud5d8(Individual Risk)<\/span>\uc740 \ud2b9\uc815 \uc704\ud5d8\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574\n \uac00\uc0c1\uc758 \ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \uc0ac\ub9dd\ud560 \uc5f0\uac04 \ube48\ub3c4\uc774\ub2e4.\n <span class=\"key\">\uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uc704\ud5d8(Societal Risk)<\/span>\uc740 \ud55c \uc0ac\uace0\uc5d0\uc11c\n \ub2e4\uc218\uc758 \uc0ac\ub9dd\uc790\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud560 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud55c\ub2e4.\n <\/p>\n\n <h3>3.3 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc704\ud5d8\uc6d0\uc774 \uac19\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc5d0\uac8c \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uc791\uc6a9\ud560 \ub54c<\/h3>\n <p>\n \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc7a5\uc18c\uc5d0\uc11c \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc704\ud5d8\uc6d0\uc5d0 \ub178\ucd9c\ub418\uba74,\n \uc804\uccb4 \ud5c8\uc6a9 \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \uac01 \uc704\ud5d8\uc6d0\uc5d0 \ub098\ub204\uc5b4 \ubc30\ubd84\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.\n <\/p>\n <div class=\"formula\">\n R<sub>max, per hazard<\/sub> = 10<sup>-4<\/sup> \u00f7 10 = 10<sup>-5<\/sup>\/yr\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <section id=\"frequency\">\n <h2>4. 2\ub2e8\uacc4: \ucd5c\ub300 \ud5c8\uc6a9 \uc704\ud5d8\uc0ac\uac74 \ube48\ub3c4<\/h2>\n\n <h3>4.1 \uc65c \uc704\ud5d8\uacfc \uc704\ud5d8\uc0ac\uac74 \ube48\ub3c4\ub97c \uad6c\ubd84\ud558\ub294\uac00<\/h3>\n <p>\n \uc704\ud5d8\uc0ac\uac74\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ud56d\uc0c1 \uc0ac\ub9dd\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n \uc0ac\uace0\uac00 \ucd5c\uc885 \uacb0\uacfc\ub85c \uc9c4\ud589\ub418\ub294 \uc870\uac74\uc744 \ud655\ub960\ub85c \ubc18\uc601\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.\n <\/p>\n <ul>\n <li>\uc124\ube44\uac00 \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\ub294 \uc2dc\uac04 \ube44\uc728<\/li>\n <li>\ubcc4\ub3c4\uc758 \uc678\ubd80 \uc644\ud654\uc218\ub2e8\uc774 \uc2e4\ud328\ud560 \ud655\ub960<\/li>\n <li>\ub204\ucd9c\u00b7\uacfc\uc555\u00b7\uacfc\uc5f4 \ub4f1\uc774 \uc2e4\uc81c \uc0ac\uace0\ub85c \uc804\uac1c\ub420 \ud655\ub960<\/li>\n <li>\uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \uc704\ud5d8\ubc94\uc704\uc5d0 \uc788\uc744 \ud655\ub960<\/li>\n <li>\uc810\ud654 \ub610\ub294 \ud3ed\ubc1c \ud655\ub960<\/li>\n <li>\uc0ac\uace0\uac00 \uc0ac\ub9dd\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c8 \uc870\uac74\ubd80 \ud655\ub960<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n <h3>4.2 \uae30\ubcf8\uc2dd<\/h3>\n <div class=\"formula\">\n R = F<sub>H<\/sub> \u00d7 \u220fp<sub>i<\/sub><br><br>\n F<sub>H,max<\/sub> = R<sub>max<\/sub> \u00f7 \u220fp<sub>i<\/sub>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout warn\">\n <strong>\uacc4\uc0b0 \ubc29\ud5a5<\/strong><br>\n \uc804\ud30c\ud655\ub960\uc774 \uc791\uc744\uc218\ub85d \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc704\ud5d8\uc0ac\uac74\uc774 \ucd5c\uc885 \uc0ac\ub9dd\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c8 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc774 \uc791\ub2e4.\n \ub530\ub77c\uc11c R<sub>max<\/sub>\ub97c \uc804\ud30c\ud655\ub960\uc758 \uacf1\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\ub204\uc5b4 \uc704\ud5d8\uc0ac\uac74\uc758 \ucd5c\ub300 \ud5c8\uc6a9 \ube48\ub3c4\ub97c \uad6c\ud55c\ub2e4.\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <section id=\"mode\">\n <h2>5. 3\ub2e8\uacc4: \uc6b4\uc804\ubaa8\ub4dc \uacb0\uc815<\/h2>\n\n <div class=\"table-wrap\">\n <table>\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th>\uad6c\ubd84<\/th>\n <th>\uc800\uc218\uc694 \ubaa8\ub4dc<\/th>\n <th>\uace0\uc218\uc694\u00b7\uc5f0\uc18d \ubaa8\ub4dc<\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <td>\uae30\ub2a5\uc758 \uc131\uaca9<\/td>\n <td>\uc815\uc0c1 \uc81c\uc5b4\uc640 \ubd84\ub9ac\ub41c \ucd94\uac00 \ubcf4\ud638\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc774 \ub4dc\ubb38 Demand\uc5d0 \ub300\uc751<\/td>\n <td>\uc81c\uc5b4\uae30\ub2a5 \uace0\uc7a5\uc774 \uace7\ubc14\ub85c \uc704\ud5d8\uc5d0 \ub178\ucd9c\uc2dc\ud0a4\uac70\ub098 \uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uae30\ub2a5\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud568<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>\uc8fc\uc694 \uc9c0\ud45c<\/td>\n <td>PFD<sub>avg<\/sub>: \uc694\uad6c \uc2dc \uc2e4\ud328\ud560 \ud3c9\uade0\ud655\ub960<\/td>\n <td>PFH: \uc2dc\uac04\ub2f9 \uc704\ud5d8\uace0\uc7a5\ube48\ub3c4<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>\ub2e8\uc704<\/td>\n <td>\ubb34\ucc28\uc6d0 \ud655\ub960<\/td>\n <td>1\/h<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>\ud310\ub2e8 \uae30\uc900<\/td>\n <td>Demand\uac00 \uc5f0 1\ud68c \uc774\ud558\uc778 \ucd94\uac00 \ubcf4\ud638\uae30\ub2a5\uc774 \ub300\ud45c\uc801<\/td>\n <td>Demand\uac00 \uc5f0 1\ud68c\ub97c \ucd08\uacfc\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uacc4\uc18d \uc704\ud5d8\uc5d0 \ub178\ucd9c\ub418\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <section id=\"pfd\">\n <h2>6. 4\ub2e8\uacc4: \uc800\uc218\uc694 \uae30\ub2a5\uc758 \ubaa9\ud45c PFD<\/h2>\n\n <h3>6.1 \uacc4\uc0b0\uc2dd<\/h3>\n <div class=\"formula\">\n F<sub>residual<\/sub> = F<sub>EUC<\/sub> \u00d7 PFD<sub>target<\/sub><br><br>\n PFD<sub>target<\/sub> = F<sub>H,max<\/sub> \u00f7 F<sub>EUC<\/sub>\n <\/div>\n\n <h3>6.2 \ub2e8\uc21c \uc800\uc218\uc694 \uc608<\/h3>\n <div class=\"formula\">\n R<sub>max<\/sub> = 10<sup>-5<\/sup>\/yr<br>\n P(fatality | hazardous event) = 10<sup>-2<\/sup><br>\n F<sub>H,max<\/sub> = 10<sup>-5<\/sup> \u00f7 10<sup>-2<\/sup> = 10<sup>-3<\/sup>\/yr<br>\n F<sub>EUC<\/sub> = 2\u00d710<sup>-1<\/sup>\/yr<br>\n PFD<sub>target<\/sub> = 10<sup>-3<\/sup> \u00f7 (2\u00d710<sup>-1<\/sup>) = 5\u00d710<sup>-3<\/sup>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout\">\n <strong>\uc774 \uc608\uc758 \uc758\ubbf8<\/strong><br>\n SIL 2\ub97c \uba3c\uc800 \uc815\ud55c \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n \uc0ac\ub9dd\uc704\ud5d8 \ubaa9\ud45c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc704\ud5d8\uc0ac\uac74 \ud5c8\uc6a9\ube48\ub3c4\ub97c \uad6c\ud558\uace0,\n \uc774\ub97c \ubcf4\ud638\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc124\ube44\uc758 \uc704\ud5d8\uc0ac\uac74 \ube48\ub3c4\ub85c \ub098\ub204\uc5b4 \ubaa9\ud45c PFD\ub97c \uad6c\ud55c \ub4a4 SIL 2\ub97c \ud310\uc815\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <section id=\"pfh\">\n <h2>7. 5\ub2e8\uacc4: \uace0\uc218\uc694\u00b7\uc5f0\uc18d \uae30\ub2a5\uc758 \ubaa9\ud45c PFH<\/h2>\n\n <div class=\"formula\">PFH<sub>target<\/sub> = F<sub>H,max<\/sub> \u00f7 8760<\/div>\n\n <h3>7.1 \ub2e8\uc21c \uace0\uc218\uc694 \uc608<\/h3>\n <div class=\"formula\">\n R<sub>max<\/sub> = 10<sup>-5<\/sup>\/yr<br>\n P(fatality | incident) = 1\/400<br>\n F<sub>H,max<\/sub> = 10<sup>-5<\/sup> \u00d7 400 = 4\u00d710<sup>-3<\/sup>\/yr<br>\n PFH<sub>target<\/sub> = (4\u00d710<sup>-3<\/sup>) \u00f7 8760 \u2248 4.6\u00d710<sup>-7<\/sup>\/h\n <\/div>\n <p>4.6\u00d710<sup>-7<\/sup>\/h\ub294 \uace0\uc218\uc694 SIL 2 \uad6c\uac04\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <\/section>\n\n <section id=\"sil-table\">\n <h2>8. 6\ub2e8\uacc4: SIL \uad6c\uac04 \ud310\uc815<\/h2>\n\n <div class=\"table-wrap\">\n <table>\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th>SIL<\/th>\n <th>\uc800\uc218\uc694 PFD<sub>avg<\/sub><\/th>\n <th>\uace0\uc218\uc694\u00b7\uc5f0\uc18d PFH<\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr><td>4<\/td><td>10<sup>-5<\/sup> \u2264 PFD < 10<sup>-4<\/sup><\/td><td>10<sup>-9<\/sup> \u2264 PFH < 10<sup>-8<\/sup>\/h<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td>3<\/td><td>10<sup>-4<\/sup> \u2264 PFD < 10<sup>-3<\/sup><\/td><td>10<sup>-8<\/sup> \u2264 PFH < 10<sup>-7<\/sup>\/h<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td>2<\/td><td>10<sup>-3<\/sup> \u2264 PFD < 10<sup>-2<\/sup><\/td><td>10<sup>-7<\/sup> \u2264 PFH < 10<sup>-6<\/sup>\/h<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td>1<\/td><td>10<sup>-2<\/sup> \u2264 PFD < 10<sup>-1<\/sup><\/td><td>10<sup>-6<\/sup> \u2264 PFH < 10<sup>-5<\/sup>\/h<\/td><\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout warn\">\n <strong>\uc218\uce58\ubaa9\ud45c\ub97c \ubc84\ub9ac\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4<\/strong><br>\n \uc815\ud655\ud55c \ubaa9\ud45c\uac00 PFD = 2\u00d710<sup>-3<\/sup>\uc73c\ub85c \uacc4\uc0b0\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4\uba74,\n \uc124\uacc4\ud3c9\uac00\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \u201cSIL 2 \ubc94\uc704\u201d\ub9cc \ucda9\uc871\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c\n \uc6d0\ub798 \uacc4\uc0b0\ud55c 2\u00d710<sup>-3<\/sup> \ubaa9\ud45c\ub97c \ub9cc\uc871\ud558\ub294\uc9c0 \ud655\uc778\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <section id=\"allocation\">\n <h2>9. \uc5ec\ub7ec \ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35\uc774 \uc788\uc744 \ub54c\uc758 SIL \ud560\ub2f9<\/h2>\n\n <p>\ub450 \ub3c5\ub9bd \uacc4\uce35\uc758 PFD\ub97c PFD<sub>1<\/sub>, PFD<sub>2<\/sub>\ub77c \ud558\uba74:<\/p>\n <div class=\"formula\">PFD<sub>total<\/sub> = PFD<sub>1<\/sub> \u00d7 PFD<sub>2<\/sub><\/div>\n\n <p>\uc804\uccb4 \ubaa9\ud45c\uac00 PFD<sub>total<\/sub> \u2264 5.3\u00d710<sup>-3<\/sup>\uc774\uba74 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \ubc30\ubd84\uc740 \ub2e4\uc591\ud558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"table-wrap\">\n <table>\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th>\ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35 1<\/th>\n <th>\ub4f1\uae09<\/th>\n <th>\ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35 2<\/th>\n <th>\ub4f1\uae09<\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr><td>2\u00d710<sup>-1<\/sup><\/td><td>SIL 1 \ubbf8\ub9cc<\/td><td>2.65\u00d710<sup>-2<\/sup><\/td><td>SIL 1<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td>7.3\u00d710<sup>-2<\/sup><\/td><td>SIL 1<\/td><td>7.3\u00d710<sup>-2<\/sup><\/td><td>SIL 1<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td>7\u00d710<sup>-1<\/sup><\/td><td>SIL 1 \ubbf8\ub9cc<\/td><td>7.57\u00d710<sup>-3<\/sup><\/td><td>SIL 2<\/td><\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout\">\n <strong>\ud575\uc2ec<\/strong><br>\n \uc704\ud5d8 \uc2dc\ub098\ub9ac\uc624 \uc804\uccb4\ub97c \ubb34\uc870\uac74 \u201cSIL 2 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\u201d\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub974\uba74 \uc548 \ub41c\ub2e4.\n \uba3c\uc800 \uc804\uccb4 \uc704\ud5d8\uc800\uac10 \ubaa9\ud45c\ub97c \uc815\ud558\uace0, \uac01 \ub3c5\ub9bd \ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35\uc5d0 PFD\ub97c \ud560\ub2f9\ud55c \ub4a4\n \uac01 \uacc4\uce35 \ub610\ub294 \uc548\uc804\uae30\ub2a5\uc758 SIL\uc744 \uac01\uac01 \ud310\uc815\ud55c\ub2e4.\n <\/div>\n\n <h3>9.1 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc131 \uc870\uac74<\/h3>\n <ul>\n <li>\ucd08\uae30\uc0ac\uac74\uacfc \uac01 \ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35\uc774 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc801\uc77c \uac83<\/li>\n <li>\ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35 \uc0c1\ud638 \uac04\uc5d0 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc801\uc77c \uac83<\/li>\n <li>\uacf5\ud1b5 \uc804\uc6d0, \uacf5\ud1b5 \uc13c\uc11c, \uacf5\ud1b5 \ub85c\uc9c1, \uacf5\ud1b5 \uc815\ube44 \ub4f1 CCF\ub97c \uace0\ub824\ud560 \uac83<\/li>\n <li>\ub3c5\ub9bd\uc131\uc774 \ubd80\uc871\ud558\uba74 \ud574\ub2f9 \uacc4\uce35\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uac70\ub098 \ub354 \ub192\uc740 PFD\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uac83<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/section>\n\n <section id=\"lopa\">\n <h2>10. LOPA\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uacb0\uc815<\/h2>\n\n <div class=\"formula\">\n F<sub>mitigated<\/sub> =\n F<sub>initiating<\/sub> \u00d7\n P<sub>vulnerability<\/sub> \u00d7\n \u220fPFD<sub>IPL<\/sub> \u00d7\n PFD<sub>SIF<\/sub>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"formula\">\n PFD<sub>SIF,target<\/sub> =\n F<sub>tolerable<\/sub> \u00f7\n (F<sub>initiating<\/sub> \u00d7 P<sub>vulnerability<\/sub> \u00d7 \u220fPFD<sub>IPL<\/sub>)\n <\/div>\n\n <h3>10.1 \uc8fc\uc694 \uc785\ub825<\/h3>\n <ul>\n <li>\uc124\ube44\uc640 \uacf5\uc815 \uc124\uacc4\uc790\ub8cc<\/li>\n <li>\ubcf4\ud638\uac00 \uc5c6\uc744 \ub54c\uc758 \uc0ac\uace0 \uacb0\uacfc<\/li>\n <li>\uacb0\uacfc\uc758 \uc2ec\uac01\ub3c4 \ub4f1\uae09<\/li>\n <li>\ubaa8\ub4e0 \ucd08\uae30\uc0ac\uac74\uacfc \ubc1c\uc0dd\ube48\ub3c4<\/li>\n <li>\ucde8\uc57d\uc131 \ub610\ub294 \uc0ac\uace0 \uc804\ud30c\ud655\ub960<\/li>\n <li>\uc548\uc804\uacc4\uc7a5\uae30\ub2a5\uc758 \uc124\uba85<\/li>\n <li>\uae30\uacc4\uc801 \ubcf4\ud638\uc7a5\uce58\uc640 \ubc29\uc720\uc81c \ub4f1 \ub3c5\ub9bd \ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n <h3>10.2 \uc8fc\uc694 \ucd9c\ub825<\/h3>\n <ul>\n <li>\ucd94\uac00 \uacc4\uc7a5\ubcf4\ud638\uac00 \uc5c6\uc744 \ub54c\uc758 \uc911\uac04 \uc0ac\uace0\ube48\ub3c4<\/li>\n <li>\ucd94\uac00 \ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uc7a5 \uc694\uad6c \uc5ec\ubd80<\/li>\n <li>\uc644\ud654 \ud6c4 \uc0ac\uace0\ube48\ub3c4<\/li>\n <li>\uc548\uc804\uacc4\uc7a5\uae30\ub2a5\uc758 \ubaa9\ud45c PFD<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n <div class=\"callout warn\">\n <strong>LOPA\uc758 \uc8fc\uc758\uc0ac\ud56d<\/strong><br>\n LOPA\ub294 \ub2e8\uc21c \ud45c \ucc44\uc6b0\uae30\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n \uacf5\ud1b5\uc6d0\uc778\uc73c\ub85c \ub450 \ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35\uc774 \uc5f0\uacb0\ub418\uba74 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc131\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uace0,\n \ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35\ubcc4\ub85c \uc704\ud5d8\ubaa9\ud45c\ub97c \ubc30\ubd84\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba74 \uacfc\ub300\ud3c9\uac00\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c\ub2e4.\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <section id=\"risk-graph\">\n <h2>11. Risk Graph\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uacb0\uc815<\/h2>\n\n <p>Risk Graph\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c \uc694\uc18c\ub97c \ubc94\uc8fc\ud654\ud558\uc5ec SIL\uc744 \ucd94\uc815\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <ul>\n <li>\uacb0\uacfc\uc758 \uc2ec\uac01\ub3c4<\/li>\n <li>\uc704\ud5d8\uc5d0 \ub178\ucd9c\ub418\ub294 \ube48\ub3c4\uc640 \uc2dc\uac04<\/li>\n <li>\uc704\ud5d8 \ud68c\ud53c \uac00\ub2a5\uc131<\/li>\n <li>\uc6d0\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uc0ac\uac74 \ub610\ub294 Demand\uc758 \ubc1c\uc0dd \uac00\ub2a5\uc131<\/li>\n <li>\uc808\ucc28\u00b7\uacbd\ubcf4\u00b7\uae30\uacc4\uc801 \ubcf4\ud638\uc218\ub2e8<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n <p>\uc801\uc6a9 \uc2dc \ub2e4\uc74c\uc744 \uc720\uc758\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <ul>\n <li>\uc815\ub7c9\uc801 \ubc29\ubc95 \ub610\ub294 LOPA\ub97c \uc6b0\uc120\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <li>Risk Graph\ub294 \uc815\ub7c9\ud654\uac00 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6b8 \ub54c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ubcf4\uc870\uc218\ub2e8\uc774\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <li>\uc800\uc218\uc694 \ubaa9\ud45c\uc5d0 \uc801\ud569\ud558\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <li>\ub2e4\uc218 \uc548\uc804\uae30\ub2a5\uc758 \ucd08\uae30 \uc120\ubcc4\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <li>SIL 2 \uc774\uc0c1\uc774 \ub098\uc624\uba74 \uc815\ub7c9\uc801 \ubc29\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \ub2e4\uc2dc \ud655\uc778\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/section>\n\n <section id=\"function\">\n <h2>12. SIL\uc740 \uc548\uc804\uae30\ub2a5\uc5d0 \ubd80\uc5ec\ud55c\ub2e4<\/h2>\n\n <p><span class=\"key\">SIL\uc740 \uba85\ud655\ud558\uac8c \uc815\uc758\ub41c \uc548\uc804\uae30\ub2a5\uc5d0\ub9cc \ubd80\uc5ec\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n <div class=\"formula\">\uc720\ub7c9 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\ubbf8\ud130 \u2192 \ub85c\uc9c1\uc194\ubc84 \u2192 \uc194\ub808\ub178\uc774\ub4dc \ubc38\ube0c<\/div>\n\n <p>\n \uc774 \uc804\uccb4 \uae30\ub2a5\uc774 \ud2b9\uc815 \uc704\ud5d8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc548\uc804\uc0c1\ud0dc\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \ubaa9\ud45c SIL\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4\ub2e4.\n \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\ubbf8\ud130 \ub2e8\ud488\uc740 \uc801\uc6a9 \uc2dc\ub098\ub9ac\uc624\uc640 \ubb34\uad00\ud558\uac8c \ud558\ub098\uc758 SIL\uc744 \uac16\ub294\ub2e4\uace0 \ub9d0\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4.\n <\/p>\n\n <p>\ub2e8\ud488\uc5d0\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ud45c\ud604\uc774 \ub354 \uc815\ud655\ud558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <ul>\n <li>\ud2b9\uc815 SIL\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc801\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uccb4\uacc4\uc801 \ub2a5\ub825<\/li>\n <li>\uace0\uc7a5\ub960, SFF, \uc9c4\ub2e8\ubc94\uc704 \ubc0f HFT \uc790\ub8cc<\/li>\n <li>Safety Manual\uc5d0 \uba85\uc2dc\ub41c \uc801\uc6a9\uc870\uac74<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/section>\n\n <section id=\"edge\">\n <h2>13. SIL 1 \ubbf8\ub9cc\uacfc SIL 4<\/h2>\n\n <h3>13.1 SIL 1 \ubbf8\ub9cc<\/h3>\n <p>\n \uacc4\uc0b0\ub41c \ubaa9\ud45c\uac00 SIL 1\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc644\ud654\ub41c \uacbd\uc6b0 IEC 61508 \uc758\ubbf8\uc5d0\uc11c\n \u201cnot safety-related\u201d \ub610\ub294 \u201cno special safety requirement\u201d\ub85c \ud45c\ud604\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.\n \ub2e4\ub9cc SIL 1\uc758 \uc815\uc131\uc801 \uc694\uad6c\ub294 \uae30\ubcf8\uc801\uc778 \uc6b0\uc218 \uc5d4\uc9c0\ub2c8\uc5b4\ub9c1 \uc2e4\ubb34\ub85c \uc801\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.\n <\/p>\n\n <h3>13.2 SIL 4<\/h3>\n <p>\n SIL 4\ub294 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ub192\uc740 \uc124\uacc4\u00b7\ubd84\uc11d\u00b7\uac80\uc99d \ub178\ub825\uc744 \uc694\uad6c\ud55c\ub2e4.\n \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uae30\ub2a5\uc5d0 SIL 4\ub97c \uc9d1\uc911\uc2dc\ud0a4\uae30\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ucd94\uac00\uc801\uc778 \ub3c5\ub9bd \uc704\ud5d8\uc800\uac10 \uacc4\uce35\uc744 \ub3c4\uc785\ud558\uc5ec\n \uac01 \uacc4\uce35\uc758 \ubaa9\ud45c\ub97c \ub0ae\ucd94\ub294 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc744 \uc6b0\uc120 \uac80\ud1a0\ud55c\ub2e4.\n <\/p>\n <\/section>\n\n <section id=\"alarp\">\n <h2>14. ALARP\ub294 SIL \uacb0\uc815 \ud6c4\uc5d0 \ub2e4\uc2dc \ud655\uc778\ud55c\ub2e4<\/h2>\n\n <p>\n <span class=\"key\">ALARP(As Low As Reasonably Practicable)<\/span>\ub294\n \ucd94\uac00 \uc704\ud5d8\uc800\uac10 \ube44\uc6a9\uc774 \uc5bb\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc704\ud5d8\uc800\uac10 \ud3b8\uc775\uc5d0 \ube44\ud574 \uc2ec\ud558\uac8c \ubd88\uade0\ud615\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub2e4\uba74\n \ucd94\uac00 \uc870\uce58\ub97c \uc2dc\ud589\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc6d0\uce59\uc774\ub2e4.\n <\/p>\n\n <div class=\"formula\">\ubaa9\ud45c SIL \ub9cc\uc871 \u2260 \ucd94\uac00 \uc704\ud5d8\uc800\uac10 \uac80\ud1a0 \uc885\ub8cc<\/div>\n\n <p>\ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ucd94\uac00 \uc870\uce58\ub97c \uac80\ud1a0\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <ul>\n <li>\ucd94\uac00 \ub3c5\ub9bd \ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35<\/li>\n <li>\ub354 \uc9e7\uc740 Proof Test \uc8fc\uae30<\/li>\n <li>\uc9c4\ub2e8\uae30\ub2a5 \uac15\ud654<\/li>\n <li>\uacf5\uc815 \uc790\uccb4\uc758 \ubcf8\uc9c8\uc548\uc804 \uc124\uacc4<\/li>\n <li>\uc124\ube44\ubc30\uce58\uc640 \ubb3c\ub9ac\uc801 \uc644\ud654\uc218\ub2e8<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/section>\n\n <section id=\"checklist\">\n <h2>15. \uc815\ud655\ud55c \ubaa9\ud45c SIL \uacb0\uc815 \uccb4\ud06c\ub9ac\uc2a4\ud2b8<\/h2>\n\n <ol>\n <li>\uc704\ud5d8 \uc2dc\ub098\ub9ac\uc624\uc640 \ucd5c\uc885 \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \ud55c \ubb38\uc7a5\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\uc758\ud588\ub294\uac00?<\/li>\n <li>\uac1c\uc778\uc704\ud5d8\uacfc \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uc704\ud5d8 \uc911 \uc801\uc808\ud55c \uae30\uc900\uc744 \uc120\ud0dd\ud588\ub294\uac00?<\/li>\n <li>\ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc704\ud5d8\uc6d0\uc5d0 \ub178\ucd9c\ub418\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc704\ud5d8\ubaa9\ud45c\ub97c \ubc30\ubd84\ud588\ub294\uac00?<\/li>\n <li>\ub178\ucd9c\u00b7\uc810\ud654\u00b7\uc0ac\ub9dd\u00b7\uc678\ubd80 \uc644\ud654\uc218\ub2e8\uc758 \uc870\uac74\ubd80 \ud655\ub960\uc744 \uadfc\uac70\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \uae30\ub85d\ud588\ub294\uac00?<\/li>\n <li>\ucd5c\ub300 \ud5c8\uc6a9 \uc704\ud5d8\uc0ac\uac74 \ube48\ub3c4 F<sub>H,max<\/sub>\ub97c \uba3c\uc800 \uacc4\uc0b0\ud588\ub294\uac00?<\/li>\n <li>\uc800\uc218\uc694\uc640 \uace0\uc218\uc694\u00b7\uc5f0\uc18d \uc6b4\uc804\ubaa8\ub4dc\ub97c \uc62c\ubc14\ub974\uac8c \uad6c\ubd84\ud588\ub294\uac00?<\/li>\n <li>\uc800\uc218\uc694\ub294 F<sub>H,max<\/sub>\/F<sub>EUC<\/sub>\ub85c \ubaa9\ud45c PFD\ub97c \uad6c\ud588\ub294\uac00?<\/li>\n <li>\uace0\uc218\uc694\ub294 F<sub>H,max<\/sub>\ub97c \uc2dc\uac04\ub2f9 PFH\ub85c \ud658\uc0b0\ud588\ub294\uac00?<\/li>\n <li>\uc5ec\ub7ec \ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35\uc758 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc131\uacfc CCF\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud588\ub294\uac00?<\/li>\n <li>\uc804\uccb4 PFD\ub97c \uac01 \ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35\uc5d0 \uba85\uc2dc\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud560\ub2f9\ud588\ub294\uac00?<\/li>\n <li>SIL\uc740 \uc7a5\ube44 \ub2e8\ud488\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc548\uc804\uae30\ub2a5\ubcc4\ub85c \ud310\uc815\ud588\ub294\uac00?<\/li>\n <li>\uc815\ud655\ud55c \uc218\uce58\ubaa9\ud45c\uc640 SIL \ub4f1\uae09\uc744 \ubaa8\ub450 \uae30\ub85d\ud588\ub294\uac00?<\/li>\n <li>\ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9\uc73c\ub85c ALARP\ub97c \uac80\ud1a0\ud588\ub294\uac00?<\/li>\n <\/ol>\n <\/section>\n\n <section id=\"exam\">\n <h2>16. \uae30\uc220\uc0ac \ub2f5\uc548\uc6a9 \uc694\uc57d<\/h2>\n\n <div class=\"table-wrap\">\n <table>\n <thead>\n <tr><th>\ub2e8\uacc4<\/th><th>\ub2f5\uc548 \ud575\uc2ec<\/th><\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <td>\uc704\ud5d8\uae30\uc900 \uc124\uc815<\/td>\n <td>\uac1c\uc778\u00b7\uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uc704\ud5d8\uacfc \uc0ac\uace0\uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc5ec \ucd5c\ub300 \ud5c8\uc6a9 \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \uc124\uc815\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>\uc704\ud5d8\uc0ac\uac74 \ubaa9\ud45c<\/td>\n <td>\ub178\ucd9c, \uc810\ud654, \uce58\uba85\uc131 \ubc0f \uc678\ubd80 \ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35\uc744 \ubc18\uc601\ud558\uc5ec \ucd5c\ub300 \ud5c8\uc6a9 \uc704\ud5d8\uc0ac\uac74 \ube48\ub3c4\ub97c \uc0b0\uc815\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>\uc6b4\uc804\ubaa8\ub4dc \uad6c\ubd84<\/td>\n <td>\ub4dc\ubb38 Demand\uc5d0 \ub300\uc751\ud558\ub294 \ucd94\uac00 \ubcf4\ud638\uae30\ub2a5\uc740 \uc800\uc218\uc694, \uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \uc81c\uc5b4\ud558\ub294 \uae30\ub2a5\uc740 \uace0\uc218\uc694\u00b7\uc5f0\uc18d\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\ubd84\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>\uc815\ub7c9\ubaa9\ud45c \uacc4\uc0b0<\/td>\n <td>\uc800\uc218\uc694\ub294 \ubaa9\ud45c PFD, \uace0\uc218\uc694\u00b7\uc5f0\uc18d\uc740 \ubaa9\ud45c PFH\ub97c \uacc4\uc0b0\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>\ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35 \ud560\ub2f9<\/td>\n <td>\ub3c5\ub9bd \ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35\uc758 PFD \uacf1\uc774 \uc804\uccb4 \ubaa9\ud45c\ub97c \ub9cc\uc871\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uac01 \uae30\ub2a5\uc5d0 \ubaa9\ud45c\ub97c \ud560\ub2f9\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>SIL \ud310\uc815<\/td>\n <td>\uacc4\uc0b0\ub41c PFD\/PFH\ub97c SIL \uad6c\uac04\uc5d0 \ub300\uc751\uc2dc\ud0a8\ub2e4.<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>\uc0ac\ud6c4 \uac80\ud1a0<\/td>\n <td>SIL 2 \uc774\uc0c1\uc740 \uc815\ub7c9\uc801 \ubc29\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \ud655\uc778\ud558\uace0, \ucd5c\uc885\uc801\uc73c\ub85c ALARP\ub97c \uac80\ud1a0\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout\">\n <strong>\ud55c \ubb38\uc7a5 \uc815\ub9ac<\/strong><br>\n Chapter 2\uc758 \ubaa9\ud45c SIL \uacb0\uc815\uc740\n <strong>\ud5c8\uc6a9 \uc704\ud5d8 \uc124\uc815 \u2192 \uc704\ud5d8\uc0ac\uac74 \ud5c8\uc6a9\ube48\ub3c4 \uc0b0\uc815 \u2192 \uc6b4\uc804\ubaa8\ub4dc \uad6c\ubd84 \u2192\n \ubaa9\ud45c PFD\/PFH \uacc4\uc0b0 \u2192 \ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35\ubcc4 \ud560\ub2f9 \u2192 SIL \ud310\uc815 \u2192 ALARP \uac80\ud1a0<\/strong>\n \uc21c\uc11c\ub85c \uc218\ud589\ud55c\ub2e4.\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <section>\n <h2>\ucc38\uace0\ubb38\ud5cc<\/h2>\n <p>\n David J. Smith and Kenneth G. L. Simpson,\n <em>The Safety Critical Systems Handbook:\n A Straightforward Guide to Functional Safety, IEC 61508, IEC 61511 and Related Guidance<\/em>,\n 4th ed., Butterworth-Heinemann, 2016, Chapter 2, pp. 25\u201355.\n <\/p>\n <\/section>\n\n <div class=\"footer\">\n \ubcf8 \ubb38\uc11c\ub294 \ud559\uc2b5\uc6a9 \uc694\uc57d\uc774\uba70, \uc2e4\uc81c \ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8 \uc801\uc6a9 \uc2dc IEC 61508 \uc6d0\ubb38\uacfc \uc870\uc9c1\uc758 \uae30\ub2a5\uc548\uc804 \uc808\ucc28\ub97c \ud568\uaed8 \ud655\uc778\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.\n <\/div>\n <\/main>\n <\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/TheSafetyCriticlaSystem-1-1.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px\" aria-label=\"TheSafetyCriticlaSystem-1\uc758 \uc0bd\uc785.\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-9663855e-b573-458e-aacf-96db9d9fcc95\" href=\"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/TheSafetyCriticlaSystem-1-1.pdf\">TheSafetyCriticlaSystem-1<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/TheSafetyCriticlaSystem-1-1.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-9663855e-b573-458e-aacf-96db9d9fcc95\">\ub2e4\uc6b4\ub85c\ub4dc<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\n\\documentclass[11pt,a4paper]{article}\n\n\\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}\n\\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}\n\\usepackage{kotex}\n\\usepackage{geometry}\n\\usepackage{setspace}\n\\usepackage{booktabs}\n\\usepackage{tabularx}\n\\usepackage{array}\n\\usepackage{enumitem}\n\\usepackage{xcolor}\n\\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb}\n\\usepackage[hidelinks]{hyperref}\n\\usepackage{tikz}\n\\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,positioning,shapes.geometric,fit}\n\n\\geometry{left=18mm,right=18mm,top=18mm,bottom=20mm}\n\\setstretch{1.16}\n\\setlength{\\parindent}{0pt}\n\\setlength{\\parskip}{0.48em}\n\\setlist[itemize]{leftmargin=1.7em,itemsep=0.20em,topsep=0.25em}\n\\setlist[enumerate]{leftmargin=1.9em,itemsep=0.25em,topsep=0.30em}\n\\renewcommand{\\arraystretch}{1.30}\n\\sloppy\n\n\\definecolor{navy}{HTML}{1F3A5F}\n\\definecolor{navy2}{HTML}{315C88}\n\\definecolor{bluegray}{HTML}{EAF0F6}\n\\definecolor{lightgray}{HTML}{F5F7FA}\n\\definecolor{softgreen}{HTML}{EAF5EE}\n\\definecolor{softyellow}{HTML}{FFF7DD}\n\\definecolor{softred}{HTML}{FCEBEC}\n\\definecolor{accent}{HTML}{A45A18}\n\\definecolor{darkgray}{HTML}{4B5563}\n\n\\hypersetup{\n pdftitle={The Safety Critical Systems Handbook Chapter 2 - \ubaa9\ud45c SIL \uacb0\uc815},\n pdfauthor={OpenAI},\n colorlinks=true,\n linkcolor=navy,\n urlcolor=navy\n}\n\n\\newcommand{\\term}[1]{\\textbf{\\textcolor{navy}{#1}}}\n\\newcommand{\\eng}[1]{\\textit{#1}}\n\n\\newcommand{\\keybox}[2]{%\n\\begin{center}\n\\fcolorbox{navy}{bluegray}{%\n\\parbox{0.92\\textwidth}{\\textbf{\\textcolor{navy}{#1}}\\\\[0.35em]#2}}\n\\end{center}\n}\n\n\\newcommand{\\warnbox}[2]{%\n\\begin{center}\n\\fcolorbox{accent}{softyellow}{%\n\\parbox{0.92\\textwidth}{\\textbf{\\textcolor{accent}{#1}}\\\\[0.35em]#2}}\n\\end{center}\n}\n\n\\title{\\vspace{-1.4em}\n\\textbf{\\Huge Chapter 2 \ubaa9\ud45c SIL \uacb0\uc815\uc758 \uc815\ud655\ud55c \uc808\ucc28}\\\\[0.5em]\n\\Large \\eng{The Safety Critical Systems Handbook} \uae30\ubc18}\n\\author{}\n\\date{}\n\n\\begin{document}\n\n\\maketitle\n\\vspace{-1.2em}\n\n\\keybox{\uc774 \ubb38\uc11c\uc758 \ubaa9\uc801}{\nChapter 2\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec\uc740 SIL \ud45c\uc5d0\uc11c \ub4f1\uae09\uc744 \ubc14\ub85c \uace0\ub974\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n\uba3c\uc800 \ud5c8\uc6a9 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \uc815\ud558\uace0, \uc0ac\uace0\uac00 \uc0ac\ub9dd \ub610\ub294 \uc190\uc2e4\ub85c \uc804\ud30c\ub418\ub294 \ud655\ub960\uacfc \uae30\uc874 \ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35\uc744 \ubc18\uc601\ud558\uc5ec\n\\term{\ucd5c\ub300 \ud5c8\uc6a9 \uc704\ud5d8\uc0ac\uac74 \ube48\ub3c4}\ub97c \uad6c\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\uadf8\ub2e4\uc74c \uc548\uc804\uae30\ub2a5\uc774 \ub2f4\ub2f9\ud574\uc57c \ud560 \ubaa9\ud45c \\(PFD\\) \ub610\ub294 \\(PFH\\)\ub97c \uacc4\uc0b0\ud55c \ub4a4 \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9\uc5d0 SIL \uad6c\uac04\uc744 \ud310\uc815\ud55c\ub2e4.\n}\n\n\\tableofcontents\n\\newpage\n\n% =========================================================\n\\section{Chapter 2\uac00 \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \uacb0\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uac83}\n% =========================================================\n\nChapter 2\ub294 \uc124\uacc4\uac00 \ub2ec\uc131\ud55c SIL\uc744 \uc778\uc99d\ud558\ub294 \uc7a5\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n\uc704\ud5d8\ubd84\uc11d\uc744 \ubc14\ud0d5\uc73c\ub85c \uac01 \uc548\uc804\uae30\ub2a5\uc774 \ub2ec\uc131\ud574\uc57c \ud560 \\term{\ubaa9\ud45c SIL(Target SIL)}\uc744 \uc815\ud558\ub294 \uc7a5\uc774\ub2e4.\n\n\\[\n\\boxed{\n\\text{\ubaa9\ud45c SIL}\n=\n\\text{\ud574\ub2f9 \uc548\uc804\uae30\ub2a5\uc5d0 \uc694\uad6c\ub418\ub294 \uc704\ud5d8\uc800\uac10 \uc218\uc900}\n}\n\\]\n\nChapter 2\uc758 \uacb0\uacfc\ub294 \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0 \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \ub0a8\ub294\ub2e4.\n\n\\begin{enumerate}\n \\item \ub79c\ub364 \ud558\ub4dc\uc6e8\uc5b4 \uace0\uc7a5 \ud3c9\uac00\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \\term{\uc815\ud655\ud55c \uc218\uce58\ubaa9\ud45c}\n \\(\\left(PFD_{\\mathrm{avg}}\\ \\text{\ub610\ub294}\\ PFH\\right)\\)\n \\item \uccb4\uacc4\uc801 \uace0\uc7a5\uc744 \ud1b5\uc81c\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \\term{SIL \ub4f1\uae09\ubcc4 \uc0dd\uba85\uc8fc\uae30 \uc5c4\uaca9\ub3c4}\n\\end{enumerate}\n\n\\warnbox{\uac00\uc7a5 \ud754\ud55c \uc624\ub958}{\n\uc704\ud5d8 \uc2dc\ub098\ub9ac\uc624\uc640 \ud5c8\uc6a9 \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \uacc4\uc0b0\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 ``\uc774 \uae30\ub2a5\uc740 \uc911\uc694\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c SIL 2''\ub77c\uace0 \uba3c\uc800 \uc815\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740\nChapter 2\uc758 \uc21c\uc11c\uc640 \ubc18\ub300\uc774\ub2e4. SIL\uc740 \uc704\ud5d8\ubd84\uc11d\uc758 \ucd9c\ubc1c\uc810\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uacc4\uc0b0\uc758 \uacb0\uacfc\uc774\ub2e4.\n}\n\n% =========================================================\n\\section{\ubaa9\ud45c SIL \uacb0\uc815\uc758 \uc804\uccb4 \ud750\ub984}\n% =========================================================\n\n\\begin{center}\n\\begin{tikzpicture}[\n node distance=6mm,\n box\/.style={\n rectangle,\n rounded corners=2pt,\n draw=navy,\n thick,\n fill=bluegray,\n minimum width=4.5cm,\n minimum height=0.95cm,\n align=center\n },\n arrow\/.style={-{Latex[length=2.2mm]},thick,draw=navy}\n]\n\\node[box] (a) {1. \uc704\ud5d8 \uc2dc\ub098\ub9ac\uc624\uc640 \uacb0\uacfc \uc815\uc758};\n\\node[box,below=of a] (b) {2. \ucd5c\ub300 \ud5c8\uc6a9 \uc704\ud5d8 \\(R_{\\max}\\) \uc124\uc815};\n\\node[box,below=of b] (c) {3. \uc804\ud30c\ud655\ub960\u00b7\ub178\ucd9c\u00b7\uc678\ubd80 \ubcf4\ud638\uc218\ub2e8 \ubc18\uc601};\n\\node[box,below=of c] (d) {4. \ucd5c\ub300 \ud5c8\uc6a9 \uc704\ud5d8\uc0ac\uac74 \ube48\ub3c4 \\(F_{H,\\max}\\)};\n\\node[box,below=of d] (e) {5. \uc800\uc218\uc694 \ub610\ub294 \uace0\uc218\uc694 \ubaa8\ub4dc \uacb0\uc815};\n\\node[box,below=of e] (f) {6. \ubaa9\ud45c \\(PFD\\) \ub610\ub294 \\(PFH\\) \uacc4\uc0b0};\n\\node[box,below=of f] (g) {7. \uac01 \uc548\uc804\uae30\ub2a5\/\ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35\uc5d0 \ubaa9\ud45c \ud560\ub2f9};\n\\node[box,below=of g] (h) {8. SIL \uad6c\uac04 \ud310\uc815};\n\\node[box,below=of h] (i) {9. ALARP \uac80\ud1a0};\n\n\\draw[arrow] (a)--(b);\n\\draw[arrow] (b)--(c);\n\\draw[arrow] (c)--(d);\n\\draw[arrow] (d)--(e);\n\\draw[arrow] (e)--(f);\n\\draw[arrow] (f)--(g);\n\\draw[arrow] (g)--(h);\n\\draw[arrow] (h)--(i);\n\\end{tikzpicture}\n\\end{center}\n\n\\keybox{\ud575\uc2ec \uad6c\ubd84}{\n\\term{\ucd5c\ub300 \ud5c8\uc6a9 \uc704\ud5d8}\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc5d0\uac8c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\ub9dd\u00b7\uc0c1\ud574 \ub4f1\uc758 \ucd5c\uc885 \uc704\ud5d8 \ubaa9\ud45c\uc774\ub2e4.\n\\term{\ucd5c\ub300 \ud5c8\uc6a9 \uc704\ud5d8\uc0ac\uac74 \ube48\ub3c4}\ub294 \uc124\ube44\uc758 \uc704\ud5d8\uc0ac\uac74\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud574\ub3c4 \ub418\ub294 \ucd5c\ub300 \ube48\ub3c4\uc774\ub2e4.\n\\term{\ubaa9\ud45c \\(PFD\/PFH\\)}\ub294 \uadf8 \uc704\ud5d8\uc0ac\uac74\uc744 \ubc29\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \uc548\uc804\uae30\ub2a5\uc5d0 \uc694\uad6c\ub418\ub294 \uc2e0\ub8b0\ub3c4\uc774\ub2e4.\n\\term{SIL}\uc740 \uacc4\uc0b0\ub41c \\(PFD\/PFH\\)\uac00 \uc18d\ud558\ub294 \ub4f1\uae09\uc774\ub2e4.\n}\n\n% =========================================================\n\\section{1\ub2e8\uacc4: \uc704\ud5d8 \uc2dc\ub098\ub9ac\uc624\uc640 \ucd5c\ub300 \ud5c8\uc6a9 \uc704\ud5d8}\n% =========================================================\n\n\\subsection{\uc704\ud5d8 \uc2dc\ub098\ub9ac\uc624\ub97c \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\uc758\ud55c\ub2e4}\n\n\uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \uc815\uc758\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\n\\[\n\\text{\ud0f1\ud06c \uacfc\ucda9\uc804}\n\\rightarrow\n\\text{\uac00\uc2a4 \ubc29\ucd9c}\n\\rightarrow\n\\text{\uc810\ud654}\n\\rightarrow\n\\text{\ud3ed\ubc1c}\n\\rightarrow\n\\text{\uc0ac\ub9dd}\n\\]\n\n\uc704\ud5d8 \uc2dc\ub098\ub9ac\uc624\uc5d0\ub294 \ucd5c\uc18c\ud55c \ub2e4\uc74c\uc774 \ud3ec\ud568\ub418\uc5b4\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.\n\n\\begin{itemize}\n \\item \ucd08\uae30\uc0ac\uac74 \ub610\ub294 \uc6d0\uc778\n \\item \ubcf4\ud638\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc124\ube44\uc758 \uc704\ud5d8\uc0ac\uac74\n \\item \uc0ac\uace0\uac00 \ucd5c\uc885 \uacb0\uacfc\ub85c \uc9c4\ud589\ub418\ub294 \uc870\uac74\n \\item \ub178\ucd9c \uc778\uc6d0\uacfc \ub178\ucd9c\uc2dc\uac04\n \\item \uae30\uc874\uc758 \ub3c5\ub9bd \ubcf4\ud638\uc218\ub2e8\n \\item \uc0ac\ub9dd\u00b7\uc0c1\ud574\u00b7\ud658\uacbd\uc190\uc2e4 \ub4f1\uc758 \ucd5c\uc885 \uacb0\uacfc\n\\end{itemize}\n\n\\subsection{\uac1c\uc778\uc704\ud5d8\uacfc \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \uad6c\ubd84\ud55c\ub2e4}\n\n\\term{\uac1c\uc778\uc704\ud5d8(Individual Risk)}\uc740 \ud2b9\uc815 \uc704\ud5d8\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uac00\uc0c1\uc758 \ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \uc0ac\ub9dd\ud560 \uc5f0\uac04 \ube48\ub3c4\uc774\ub2e4.\n\\term{\uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uc704\ud5d8(Societal Risk)}\uc740 \ud55c \uc0ac\uace0\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2e4\uc218\uc758 \uc0ac\ub9dd\uc790\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud560 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\n\ub2e4\uc218 \uc0ac\ub9dd \uc2dc\ub098\ub9ac\uc624\ub294 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \uc0ac\ub9dd\uc790 \uc218\uac00 \uc5ec\ub7ec \ub2e8\uc77c \uc0ac\uace0\ub85c \ub098\ub258\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub354 \uc5c4\uaca9\ud558\uac8c \ud3c9\uac00\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.\n\ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc0ac\uace0\uc758 \uc608\uc0c1 \uc0ac\ub9dd\uc790 \uc218\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ucd5c\ub300 \ud5c8\uc6a9 \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \uc870\uc815\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.\n\n\\subsection{\uc5ec\ub7ec \uc704\ud5d8\uc6d0\uc774 \uac19\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc5d0\uac8c \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uc791\uc6a9\ud560 \ub54c}\n\n\ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc7a5\uc18c\uc5d0\uc11c \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc704\ud5d8\uc6d0\uc5d0 \ub178\ucd9c\ub418\uba74,\n\uc804\uccb4 \ud5c8\uc6a9 \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \uac01 \uc704\ud5d8\uc6d0\uc5d0 \ub098\ub204\uc5b4 \ubc30\ubd84\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.\n\n\uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc804\uccb4 \ud5c8\uc6a9 \uc704\ud5d8\uc774 \\(10^{-4}\/\\mathrm{yr}\\)\uc774\uace0\n\ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\uc5d0\uac8c \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uc791\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uc704\ud5d8\uc6d0\uc774 10\uac1c\ub77c\uba74,\n\uac01 \uc704\ud5d8\uae30\ub2a5\uc758 \ud3c9\uade0 \ubaa9\ud45c\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \ub354 \uc5c4\uaca9\ud574\uc9c8 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.\n\n\\[\nR_{\\max,\\mathrm{per\\ hazard}}\n=\n\\frac{10^{-4}}{10}\n=\n10^{-5}\/\\mathrm{yr}\n\\]\n\n% =========================================================\n\\section{2\ub2e8\uacc4: \ucd5c\ub300 \ud5c8\uc6a9 \uc704\ud5d8\uc0ac\uac74 \ube48\ub3c4}\n% =========================================================\n\n\\subsection{\uc65c \uc704\ud5d8\uacfc \uc704\ud5d8\uc0ac\uac74 \ube48\ub3c4\ub97c \uad6c\ubd84\ud558\ub294\uac00}\n\n\uc704\ud5d8\uc0ac\uac74\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ud56d\uc0c1 \uc0ac\ub9dd\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n\uc0ac\uace0\uac00 \ucd5c\uc885 \uacb0\uacfc\ub85c \uc9c4\ud589\ub418\ub294 \uc870\uac74\uc744 \ud655\ub960\ub85c \ubc18\uc601\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.\n\n\ub300\ud45c\uc801\uc778 \uc778\uc790\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\ub2e4.\n\n\\begin{itemize}\n \\item \uc124\ube44\uac00 \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\ub294 \uc2dc\uac04 \ube44\uc728\n \\item \ubcc4\ub3c4\uc758 \uc678\ubd80 \uc644\ud654\uc218\ub2e8\uc774 \uc2e4\ud328\ud560 \ud655\ub960\n \\item \ub204\ucd9c\u00b7\uacfc\uc555\u00b7\uacfc\uc5f4 \ub4f1\uc774 \uc2e4\uc81c \uc0ac\uace0\ub85c \uc804\uac1c\ub420 \ud655\ub960\n \\item \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \uc704\ud5d8\ubc94\uc704\uc5d0 \uc788\uc744 \ud655\ub960\n \\item \uc810\ud654 \ub610\ub294 \ud3ed\ubc1c \ud655\ub960\n \\item \uc0ac\uace0\uac00 \uc0ac\ub9dd\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c8 \uc870\uac74\ubd80 \ud655\ub960\n\\end{itemize}\n\n\\subsection{\uae30\ubcf8\uc2dd}\n\n\uc0ac\uace0 \uc804\ud30c\uc778\uc790\uc640 \uc678\ubd80 \ubcf4\ud638\uc218\ub2e8 \uc2e4\ud328\ud655\ub960\uc744 \\(p_1,p_2,\\ldots,p_n\\)\uc774\ub77c \ud558\uba74,\n\n\\[\nR\n=\nF_H \\times \\prod_{i=1}^{n}p_i\n\\]\n\n\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c \ucd5c\ub300 \ud5c8\uc6a9 \uc704\ud5d8\uc0ac\uac74 \ube48\ub3c4\ub294\n\n\\[\n\\boxed{\nF_{H,\\max}\n=\n\\frac{R_{\\max}}\n{\\displaystyle\\prod_{i=1}^{n}p_i}\n}\n\\]\n\n\uc774\ub2e4.\n\n\uc5ec\uae30\uc11c:\n\n\\begin{itemize}\n \\item \\(R_{\\max}\\): \ucd5c\ub300 \ud5c8\uc6a9 \uc0ac\ub9dd\u00b7\uc0c1\ud574 \uc704\ud5d8 \\((\/\\mathrm{yr})\\)\n \\item \\(F_{H,\\max}\\): \ucd5c\ub300 \ud5c8\uc6a9 \uc704\ud5d8\uc0ac\uac74 \ube48\ub3c4 \\((\/\\mathrm{yr})\\)\n \\item \\(p_i\\): \ub178\ucd9c, \uc810\ud654, \uce58\uba85\uc131, \uc678\ubd80 \ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35 \uc2e4\ud328 \ub4f1\uc758 \uc870\uac74\ubd80 \ud655\ub960\n\\end{itemize}\n\n\\warnbox{\uacc4\uc0b0 \ubc29\ud5a5}{\n\uc804\ud30c\ud655\ub960\uc774 \uc791\uc744\uc218\ub85d \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc704\ud5d8\uc0ac\uac74\uc774 \ucd5c\uc885 \uc0ac\ub9dd\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c8 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc774 \uc791\ub2e4.\n\ub530\ub77c\uc11c \\(R_{\\max}\\)\ub97c \uc804\ud30c\ud655\ub960\uc758 \uacf1\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\ub204\uc5b4 \uc704\ud5d8\uc0ac\uac74\uc758 \ucd5c\ub300 \ud5c8\uc6a9 \ube48\ub3c4\ub97c \uad6c\ud55c\ub2e4.\n}\n\n% =========================================================\n\\section{3\ub2e8\uacc4: \uc6b4\uc804\ubaa8\ub4dc \uacb0\uc815}\n% =========================================================\n\n\ubaa9\ud45c \\(F_{H,\\max}\\)\ub97c \uad6c\ud55c \ub4a4, \ubcf4\ud638\uae30\ub2a5\uc774 \uc800\uc218\uc694\uc778\uc9c0 \uace0\uc218\uc694\u00b7\uc5f0\uc18d \uc6b4\uc804\uc778\uc9c0 \uad6c\ubd84\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\n\\begin{center}\n\\begin{tabularx}{\\textwidth}{p{3.2cm} X X}\n\\toprule\n\\textbf{\uad6c\ubd84} & \\textbf{\uc800\uc218\uc694 \ubaa8\ub4dc} & \\textbf{\uace0\uc218\uc694\u00b7\uc5f0\uc18d \ubaa8\ub4dc} \\\\\n\\midrule\n\uae30\ub2a5\uc758 \uc131\uaca9 &\n\uc815\uc0c1 \uc81c\uc5b4\uc640 \ubd84\ub9ac\ub41c \ucd94\uac00 \ubcf4\ud638\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc774 \ub4dc\ubb38 Demand\uc5d0 \ub300\uc751 &\n\uc81c\uc5b4\uae30\ub2a5\uc758 \uace0\uc7a5\uc774 \uace7\ubc14\ub85c \uc704\ud5d8\uc5d0 \ub178\ucd9c\uc2dc\ud0a4\uac70\ub098 \uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uae30\ub2a5\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud568 \\\\\n\uc8fc\uc694 \uc9c0\ud45c &\n\\(PFD_{\\mathrm{avg}}\\): \uc694\uad6c \uc2dc \uc2e4\ud328\ud560 \ud3c9\uade0\ud655\ub960 &\n\\(PFH\\): \uc2dc\uac04\ub2f9 \uc704\ud5d8\uace0\uc7a5\ube48\ub3c4 \\\\\n\ub2e8\uc704 &\n\ubb34\ucc28\uc6d0 \ud655\ub960 &\n\\(1\/\\mathrm{h}\\) \\\\\n\ucc45\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8 \uae30\uc900 &\nDemand\uac00 \uc5f0 1\ud68c \uc774\ud558\uc778 \ucd94\uac00 \ubcf4\ud638\uae30\ub2a5\uc774 \ub300\ud45c\uc801 &\nDemand\uac00 \uc5f0 1\ud68c\ub97c \ucd08\uacfc\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uacc4\uc18d \uc704\ud5d8\uc5d0 \ub178\ucd9c\ub418\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0 \\\\\n\\bottomrule\n\\end{tabularx}\n\\end{center}\n\n% =========================================================\n\\section{4\ub2e8\uacc4: \uc800\uc218\uc694 \uae30\ub2a5\uc758 \ubaa9\ud45c \\(PFD\\)}\n% =========================================================\n\n\\subsection{\uacc4\uc0b0\uc2dd}\n\n\ubcf4\ud638\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 EUC\uc758 \uc704\ud5d8\uc0ac\uac74 \ube48\ub3c4\ub97c \\(F_{\\mathrm{EUC}}\\)\ub77c \ud558\uba74,\n\n\\[\nF_{\\mathrm{residual}}\n=\nF_{\\mathrm{EUC}}\n\\times\nPFD_{\\mathrm{target}}\n\\]\n\n\uc794\uc5ec \uc704\ud5d8\uc0ac\uac74 \ube48\ub3c4\uac00 \ucd5c\ub300 \ud5c8\uc6a9\uac12 \uc774\ud558\uac00 \ub418\uc5b4\uc57c \ud558\ubbc0\ub85c,\n\n\\[\n\\boxed{\nPFD_{\\mathrm{target}}\n=\n\\frac{F_{H,\\max}}\n{F_{\\mathrm{EUC}}}\n}\n\\]\n\n\uc774\ub2e4.\n\n\\subsection{Chapter 2\uc758 \ub2e8\uc21c \uc800\uc218\uc694 \uc608}\n\n\\begin{align*}\nR_{\\max} &= 10^{-5}\/\\mathrm{yr} \\\\\nP(\\text{fatality}\\mid\\text{hazardous event}) &= 10^{-2} \\\\\nF_{H,\\max} &= \\frac{10^{-5}}{10^{-2}}\n =10^{-3}\/\\mathrm{yr} \\\\\nF_{\\mathrm{EUC}} &= 2\\times10^{-1}\/\\mathrm{yr} \\\\\nPFD_{\\mathrm{target}}\n&=\n\\frac{10^{-3}}\n{2\\times10^{-1}}\n=\n5\\times10^{-3}\n\\end{align*}\n\n\\(5\\times10^{-3}\\)\uc740 \uc800\uc218\uc694 SIL 2 \uad6c\uac04\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\n\\keybox{\uc774 \uc608\uc758 \uc758\ubbf8}{\nSIL 2\ub97c \uba3c\uc800 \uc815\ud55c \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n\uc0ac\ub9dd\uc704\ud5d8 \ubaa9\ud45c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc704\ud5d8\uc0ac\uac74 \ud5c8\uc6a9\ube48\ub3c4\ub97c \uad6c\ud558\uace0,\n\uc774\ub97c \ubcf4\ud638\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc124\ube44\uc758 \uc704\ud5d8\uc0ac\uac74 \ube48\ub3c4\ub85c \ub098\ub204\uc5b4 \ubaa9\ud45c \\(PFD\\)\ub97c \uad6c\ud55c \ub4a4 SIL 2\ub97c \ud310\uc815\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.\n}\n\n% =========================================================\n\\section{5\ub2e8\uacc4: \uace0\uc218\uc694\u00b7\uc5f0\uc18d \uae30\ub2a5\uc758 \ubaa9\ud45c \\(PFH\\)}\n% =========================================================\n\n\uace0\uc218\uc694 \ub610\ub294 \uc5f0\uc18d \uc6b4\uc804\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ubcf4\ud638\uae30\ub2a5\uc758 \uace0\uc7a5\uc774 \uc9c1\uc811 \uc704\ud5d8\uace0\uc7a5\ube48\ub3c4\uac00 \ub41c\ub2e4.\n\ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc5f0\uac04 \ucd5c\ub300 \ud5c8\uc6a9 \uc704\ud5d8\uc0ac\uac74 \ube48\ub3c4\ub97c \uc2dc\uac04\ub2f9 \ube48\ub3c4\ub85c \ud658\uc0b0\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\n\\[\n\\boxed{\nPFH_{\\mathrm{target}}\n=\n\\frac{F_{H,\\max}}{8760}\n}\n\\]\n\n\\subsection{Chapter 2\uc758 \ub2e8\uc21c \uace0\uc218\uc694 \uc608}\n\n\\begin{align*}\nR_{\\max} &= 10^{-5}\/\\mathrm{yr} \\\\\nP(\\text{fatality}\\mid\\text{incident}) &= \\frac{1}{400} \\\\\nF_{H,\\max}\n&=\n10^{-5}\\times400\n=\n4\\times10^{-3}\/\\mathrm{yr} \\\\\nPFH_{\\mathrm{target}}\n&=\n\\frac{4\\times10^{-3}}{8760}\n\\approx\n4.6\\times10^{-7}\/\\mathrm{h}\n\\end{align*}\n\n\\(4.6\\times10^{-7}\/\\mathrm{h}\\)\ub294 \uace0\uc218\uc694 SIL 2 \uad6c\uac04\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\n% =========================================================\n\\section{6\ub2e8\uacc4: SIL \uad6c\uac04 \ud310\uc815}\n% =========================================================\n\n\\begin{center}\n\\begin{tabularx}{\\textwidth}{p{1.5cm} X X}\n\\toprule\n\\textbf{SIL} &\n\\textbf{\uc800\uc218\uc694 \\(PFD_{\\mathrm{avg}}\\)} &\n\\textbf{\uace0\uc218\uc694\u00b7\uc5f0\uc18d \\(PFH\\)} \\\\\n\\midrule\n4 & \\(10^{-5}\\le PFD<10^{-4}\\) & \\(10^{-9}\\le PFH<10^{-8}\/\\mathrm{h}\\) \\\\\n3 & \\(10^{-4}\\le PFD<10^{-3}\\) & \\(10^{-8}\\le PFH<10^{-7}\/\\mathrm{h}\\) \\\\\n2 & \\(10^{-3}\\le PFD<10^{-2}\\) & \\(10^{-7}\\le PFH<10^{-6}\/\\mathrm{h}\\) \\\\\n1 & \\(10^{-2}\\le PFD<10^{-1}\\) & \\(10^{-6}\\le PFH<10^{-5}\/\\mathrm{h}\\) \\\\\n\\bottomrule\n\\end{tabularx}\n\\end{center}\n\n\\warnbox{\uc218\uce58\ubaa9\ud45c\ub97c \ubc84\ub9ac\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4}{\n\uc815\ud655\ud55c \ubaa9\ud45c\uac00 \\(PFD=2\\times10^{-3}\\)\uc73c\ub85c \uacc4\uc0b0\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4\uba74\n\uc124\uacc4\ud3c9\uac00\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 ``SIL 2 \ubc94\uc704''\ub9cc \ucda9\uc871\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c\n\uc6d0\ub798 \uacc4\uc0b0\ud55c \\(2\\times10^{-3}\\) \ubaa9\ud45c\ub97c \ub9cc\uc871\ud558\ub294\uc9c0 \ud655\uc778\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc6d0\uce59\uc774\ub2e4.\n}\n\n% =========================================================\n\\section{\uc5ec\ub7ec \ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35\uc774 \uc788\uc744 \ub54c\uc758 SIL \ud560\ub2f9}\n% =========================================================\n\n\ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc704\ud5d8\uc5d0 \ub450 \uac1c \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 \ub3c5\ub9bd \ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35\uc774 \uc788\uc73c\uba74\n\uc804\uccb4 \uc694\uad6c \\(PFD\\)\ub97c \uac01\uac01\uc758 \uacc4\uce35\uc5d0 \ubc30\ubd84\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.\n\n\ub450 \ub3c5\ub9bd \uacc4\uce35\uc758 \\(PFD\\)\ub97c \\(PFD_1\\), \\(PFD_2\\)\ub77c \ud558\uba74,\n\n\\[\nPFD_{\\mathrm{total}}\n=\nPFD_1\\times PFD_2\n\\]\n\n\uc774\uc5b4\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.\n\n\uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc804\uccb4 \ubaa9\ud45c\uac00\n\n\\[\nPFD_{\\mathrm{total}}\\le5.3\\times10^{-3}\n\\]\n\n\uc774\ub77c\uba74 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \ubc30\ubd84\uc740 \ub2e4\uc591\ud558\ub2e4.\n\n\\begin{center}\n\\begin{tabularx}{\\textwidth}{X X X X}\n\\toprule\n\\textbf{\ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35 1} & \\textbf{\ub4f1\uae09} &\n\\textbf{\ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35 2} & \\textbf{\ub4f1\uae09} \\\\\n\\midrule\n\\(2\\times10^{-1}\\) & SIL 1 \ubbf8\ub9cc &\n\\(2.65\\times10^{-2}\\) & SIL 1 \\\\\n\\(7.3\\times10^{-2}\\) & SIL 1 &\n\\(7.3\\times10^{-2}\\) & SIL 1 \\\\\n\\(7\\times10^{-1}\\) & SIL 1 \ubbf8\ub9cc &\n\\(7.57\\times10^{-3}\\) & SIL 2 \\\\\n\\bottomrule\n\\end{tabularx}\n\\end{center}\n\n\\keybox{\ud575\uc2ec}{\n\uc704\ud5d8 \uc2dc\ub098\ub9ac\uc624 \uc804\uccb4\ub97c \ubb34\uc870\uac74 ``SIL 2 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c''\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub974\uba74 \uc548 \ub41c\ub2e4.\n\uba3c\uc800 \uc804\uccb4 \uc704\ud5d8\uc800\uac10 \ubaa9\ud45c\ub97c \uc815\ud558\uace0, \uac01 \ub3c5\ub9bd \ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35\uc5d0 \\(PFD\\)\ub97c \ud560\ub2f9\ud55c \ub4a4\n\uac01 \uacc4\uce35 \ub610\ub294 \uc548\uc804\uae30\ub2a5\uc758 SIL\uc744 \uac01\uac01 \ud310\uc815\ud55c\ub2e4.\n}\n\n\\subsection{\ub3c5\ub9bd\uc131 \uc870\uac74}\n\n\uacf1\uc148\uc73c\ub85c \uc704\ud5d8\uc800\uac10 \ud6a8\uacfc\ub97c \uc778\uc815\ud558\ub824\uba74 \ub2e4\uc74c\uc774 \uc131\ub9bd\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.\n\n\\begin{itemize}\n \\item \ucd08\uae30\uc0ac\uac74\uacfc \uac01 \ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35\uc774 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc801\uc77c \uac83\n \\item \ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35 \uc0c1\ud638 \uac04\uc5d0 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc801\uc77c \uac83\n \\item \uacf5\ud1b5 \uc804\uc6d0, \uacf5\ud1b5 \uc13c\uc11c, \uacf5\ud1b5 \ub85c\uc9c1, \uacf5\ud1b5 \uc815\ube44 \ub4f1 CCF\ub97c \uace0\ub824\ud560 \uac83\n \\item \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc131\uc774 \ubd80\uc871\ud558\uba74 \ud574\ub2f9 \uacc4\uce35\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uac70\ub098 \ub354 \ub192\uc740 \\(PFD\\)\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uac83\n\\end{itemize}\n\n% =========================================================\n\\section{LOPA\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uacb0\uc815}\n% =========================================================\n\nLOPA\ub294 HAZOP \uc774\ud6c4\uc5d0 \uc218\ud589\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uad6c\uc870\ud654\ub41c \ubc18\uc815\ub7c9\uc801 \uc704\ud5d8\ubd84\uc11d\uc774\ub2e4.\n\uc8fc\ub85c \uc800\uc218\uc694 \uc548\uc804\uae30\ub2a5\uc5d0 \uc801\uc6a9\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\n\\[\nF_{\\mathrm{mitigated}}\n=\nF_{\\mathrm{initiating}}\n\\times\nP_{\\mathrm{vulnerability}}\n\\times\n\\prod PFD_{\\mathrm{IPL}}\n\\times\nPFD_{\\mathrm{SIF}}\n\\]\n\n\ub530\ub77c\uc11c \ucd94\uac00 SIF\uc758 \ubaa9\ud45c\ub294\n\n\\[\n\\boxed{\nPFD_{\\mathrm{SIF,target}}\n=\n\\frac{F_{\\mathrm{tolerable}}}\n{F_{\\mathrm{initiating}}\n\\times P_{\\mathrm{vulnerability}}\n\\times \\prod PFD_{\\mathrm{IPL}}}\n}\n\\]\n\n\ub85c \uad6c\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.\n\nLOPA\uc758 \uc8fc\uc694 \uc785\ub825\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\ub2e4.\n\n\\begin{itemize}\n \\item \uc124\ube44\uc640 \uacf5\uc815 \uc124\uacc4\uc790\ub8cc\n \\item \ubcf4\ud638\uac00 \uc5c6\uc744 \ub54c\uc758 \uc0ac\uace0 \uacb0\uacfc\n \\item \uacb0\uacfc\uc758 \uc2ec\uac01\ub3c4 \ub4f1\uae09\n \\item \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ucd08\uae30\uc0ac\uac74\uacfc \ubc1c\uc0dd\ube48\ub3c4\n \\item \ucde8\uc57d\uc131 \ub610\ub294 \uc0ac\uace0 \uc804\ud30c\ud655\ub960\n \\item \uc548\uc804\uacc4\uc7a5\uae30\ub2a5\uc758 \uc124\uba85\n \\item \uae30\uacc4\uc801 \ubcf4\ud638\uc7a5\uce58\uc640 \ubc29\uc720\uc81c \ub4f1 \ub3c5\ub9bd \ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35\n\\end{itemize}\n\nLOPA\uc758 \ucd9c\ub825\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\ub2e4.\n\n\\begin{itemize}\n \\item \ucd94\uac00 \uacc4\uc7a5\ubcf4\ud638\uac00 \uc5c6\uc744 \ub54c\uc758 \uc911\uac04 \uc0ac\uace0\ube48\ub3c4\n \\item \ucd94\uac00 \ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uc7a5 \uc694\uad6c \uc5ec\ubd80\n \\item \uc644\ud654 \ud6c4 \uc0ac\uace0\ube48\ub3c4\n \\item \uc548\uc804\uacc4\uc7a5\uae30\ub2a5\uc758 \ubaa9\ud45c \\(PFD\\)\n\\end{itemize}\n\n\\warnbox{LOPA\uc758 \uc8fc\uc758\uc0ac\ud56d}{\nLOPA\ub294 \ub2e8\uc21c \ud45c \ucc44\uc6b0\uae30\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n\uacf5\ud1b5\uc6d0\uc778\uc73c\ub85c \ub450 \ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35\uc774 \uc5f0\uacb0\ub418\uba74 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc131\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uace0,\n\ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35\ubcc4\ub85c \uc704\ud5d8\ubaa9\ud45c\ub97c \ubc30\ubd84\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba74 \uacfc\ub300\ud3c9\uac00\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c\ub2e4.\n}\n\n% =========================================================\n\\section{Risk Graph\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uacb0\uc815}\n% =========================================================\n\nRisk Graph\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c \uc694\uc18c\ub97c \ubc94\uc8fc\ud654\ud558\uc5ec SIL\uc744 \ucd94\uc815\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\n\\begin{itemize}\n \\item \uacb0\uacfc\uc758 \uc2ec\uac01\ub3c4\n \\item \uc704\ud5d8\uc5d0 \ub178\ucd9c\ub418\ub294 \ube48\ub3c4\uc640 \uc2dc\uac04\n \\item \uc704\ud5d8 \ud68c\ud53c \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\n \\item \uc6d0\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uc0ac\uac74 \ub610\ub294 Demand\uc758 \ubc1c\uc0dd \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\n \\item \uc808\ucc28\u00b7\uacbd\ubcf4\u00b7\uae30\uacc4\uc801 \ubcf4\ud638\uc218\ub2e8\n\\end{itemize}\n\n\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 Risk Graph\ub294 \uc5f0\uc18d\uc801\uc778 \ud655\ub960\uc744 \ud070 \ubc94\uc8fc\ub85c \ub098\ub204\uace0\n\uc5ec\ub7ec \ub2e8\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c ``\uc57d 10\ubc30'' \uc218\uc900\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8\uc744 \ubc18\ubcf5\ud558\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc624\ucc28\uac00 \ucee4\uc9c8 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.\n\nChapter 2\uc758 \ucde8\uc9c0\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\ub2e4.\n\n\\begin{itemize}\n \\item \uc815\ub7c9\uc801 \ubc29\ubc95 \ub610\ub294 LOPA\ub97c \uc6b0\uc120\ud55c\ub2e4.\n \\item Risk Graph\ub294 \uc815\ub7c9\ud654\uac00 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6b8 \ub54c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ubcf4\uc870\uc218\ub2e8\uc774\ub2e4.\n \\item \uc800\uc218\uc694 \ubaa9\ud45c\uc5d0\ub9cc \uc801\ud569\ud558\ub2e4.\n \\item \ub2e4\uc218 \uc548\uc804\uae30\ub2a5\uc758 \ucd08\uae30 \uc120\ubcc4\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.\n \\item SIL 2 \uc774\uc0c1\uc774 \ub098\uc624\uba74 \uc815\ub7c9\uc801 \ubc29\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \ub2e4\uc2dc \ud655\uc778\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\\end{itemize}\n\n% =========================================================\n\\section{SIL\uc740 \uc548\uc804\uae30\ub2a5\uc5d0 \ubd80\uc5ec\ud55c\ub2e4}\n% =========================================================\n\n\\term{SIL\uc740 \uba85\ud655\ud558\uac8c \uc815\uc758\ub41c \uc548\uc804\uae30\ub2a5\uc5d0\ub9cc \ubd80\uc5ec\ud55c\ub2e4.}\n\n\uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uace0\uc720\ub7c9 \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \ubc29\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \uae30\ub2a5\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \uad6c\uc131\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.\n\n\\[\n\\text{\uc720\ub7c9 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\ubbf8\ud130}\n\\rightarrow\n\\text{\ub85c\uc9c1\uc194\ubc84}\n\\rightarrow\n\\text{\uc194\ub808\ub178\uc774\ub4dc \ubc38\ube0c}\n\\]\n\n\uc774 \uc804\uccb4 \uae30\ub2a5\uc774 \ud2b9\uc815 \uc704\ud5d8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc548\uc804\uc0c1\ud0dc\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \ubaa9\ud45c SIL\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4\ub2e4.\n\ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\ubbf8\ud130 \ub2e8\ud488\uc740 \uc801\uc6a9 \uc2dc\ub098\ub9ac\uc624\uc640 \ubb34\uad00\ud558\uac8c \ud558\ub098\uc758 SIL\uc744 \uac16\ub294\ub2e4\uace0 \ub9d0\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4.\n\n\ub2e8\ud488\uc5d0\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ud45c\ud604\uc774 \ub354 \uc815\ud655\ud558\ub2e4.\n\n\\begin{itemize}\n \\item \ud2b9\uc815 SIL\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc801\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uccb4\uacc4\uc801 \ub2a5\ub825\n \\item \uace0\uc7a5\ub960, SFF, \uc9c4\ub2e8\ubc94\uc704 \ubc0f HFT \uc790\ub8cc\n \\item Safety Manual\uc5d0 \uba85\uc2dc\ub41c \uc801\uc6a9\uc870\uac74\n\\end{itemize}\n\n% =========================================================\n\\section{SIL 1 \ubbf8\ub9cc\uacfc SIL 4}\n% =========================================================\n\n\\subsection{SIL 1 \ubbf8\ub9cc}\n\n\uacc4\uc0b0\ub41c \ubaa9\ud45c\uac00 SIL 1\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc644\ud654\ub41c \uacbd\uc6b0 IEC 61508 \uc758\ubbf8\uc5d0\uc11c\n``not safety-related'' \ub610\ub294 ``no special safety requirement''\ub85c \ud45c\ud604\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.\n\n\ub2e4\ub9cc SIL 1\uc758 \uc815\uc131\uc801 \uc694\uad6c\ub294 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84 \uae30\ubcf8\uc801\uc778 \uc6b0\uc218 \uc5d4\uc9c0\ub2c8\uc5b4\ub9c1 \uc2e4\ubb34\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c,\nSIL 1 \uc218\uc900\uc758 \uad00\ub9ac\uc6d0\uce59\uc744 \uc88b\uc740 \uc2e4\ubb34\uae30\uc900\uc73c\ub85c \uc801\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.\n\n\\subsection{SIL 4}\n\nSIL 4\ub294 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ub192\uc740 \uc124\uacc4\u00b7\ubd84\uc11d\u00b7\uac80\uc99d \ub178\ub825\uc744 \uc694\uad6c\ud55c\ub2e4.\nChapter 2\ub294 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uae30\ub2a5\uc5d0 SIL 4\ub97c \uc9d1\uc911\uc2dc\ud0a4\uae30\ubcf4\ub2e4\n\ucd94\uac00\uc801\uc778 \ub3c5\ub9bd \uc704\ud5d8\uc800\uac10 \uacc4\uce35\uc744 \ub3c4\uc785\ud558\uc5ec \uac01 \uacc4\uce35\uc758 \ubaa9\ud45c\ub97c \ub0ae\ucd94\ub294 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc744 \uad8c\uace0\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\n% =========================================================\n\\section{ALARP\ub294 SIL \uacb0\uc815 \ud6c4\uc5d0 \ub2e4\uc2dc \ud655\uc778\ud55c\ub2e4}\n% =========================================================\n\n\ucd5c\ub300 \ud5c8\uc6a9 \uc704\ud5d8\uacfc \ubaa9\ud45c SIL\uc744 \ub9cc\uc871\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \ud3c9\uac00\uac00 \ub05d\ub098\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n\n\\term{ALARP(As Low As Reasonably Practicable)}\ub294\n\ucd94\uac00 \uc704\ud5d8\uc800\uac10 \ube44\uc6a9\uc774 \uc5bb\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc704\ud5d8\uc800\uac10 \ud3b8\uc775\uc5d0 \ube44\ud574 \uc2ec\ud558\uac8c \ubd88\uade0\ud615\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub2e4\uba74\n\ucd94\uac00 \uc870\uce58\ub97c \uc2dc\ud589\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc6d0\uce59\uc774\ub2e4.\n\n\\[\n\\text{\ubaa9\ud45c SIL \ub9cc\uc871}\n\\not\\Rightarrow\n\\text{\ucd94\uac00 \uc704\ud5d8\uc800\uac10 \uac80\ud1a0 \uc885\ub8cc}\n\\]\n\n\ub530\ub77c\uc11c \ubaa9\ud45c SIL \uacb0\uc815\uacfc \uc124\uacc4\ud3c9\uac00 \ud6c4\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ub2e4\uc74c\uc744 \uac80\ud1a0\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\n\\begin{itemize}\n \\item \ucd94\uac00 \ub3c5\ub9bd \ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35\n \\item \ub354 \uc9e7\uc740 Proof Test \uc8fc\uae30\n \\item \uc9c4\ub2e8\uae30\ub2a5 \uac15\ud654\n \\item \uacf5\uc815 \uc790\uccb4\uc758 \ubcf8\uc9c8\uc548\uc804 \uc124\uacc4\n \\item \uc124\ube44\ubc30\uce58\uc640 \ubb3c\ub9ac\uc801 \uc644\ud654\uc218\ub2e8\n\\end{itemize}\n\n% =========================================================\n\\section{\uc815\ud655\ud55c \ubaa9\ud45c SIL \uacb0\uc815 \uccb4\ud06c\ub9ac\uc2a4\ud2b8}\n% =========================================================\n\n\\begin{enumerate}\n \\item \uc704\ud5d8 \uc2dc\ub098\ub9ac\uc624\uc640 \ucd5c\uc885 \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \ud55c \ubb38\uc7a5\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\uc758\ud588\ub294\uac00?\n \\item \uac1c\uc778\uc704\ud5d8\uacfc \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uc704\ud5d8 \uc911 \uc801\uc808\ud55c \uae30\uc900\uc744 \uc120\ud0dd\ud588\ub294\uac00?\n \\item \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc704\ud5d8\uc6d0\uc5d0 \ub178\ucd9c\ub418\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc704\ud5d8\ubaa9\ud45c\ub97c \ubc30\ubd84\ud588\ub294\uac00?\n \\item \ub178\ucd9c\u00b7\uc810\ud654\u00b7\uc0ac\ub9dd\u00b7\uc678\ubd80 \uc644\ud654\uc218\ub2e8\uc758 \uc870\uac74\ubd80 \ud655\ub960\uc744 \uadfc\uac70\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \uae30\ub85d\ud588\ub294\uac00?\n \\item \ucd5c\ub300 \ud5c8\uc6a9 \uc704\ud5d8\uc0ac\uac74 \ube48\ub3c4 \\(F_{H,\\max}\\)\ub97c \uba3c\uc800 \uacc4\uc0b0\ud588\ub294\uac00?\n \\item \uc800\uc218\uc694\uc640 \uace0\uc218\uc694\u00b7\uc5f0\uc18d \uc6b4\uc804\ubaa8\ub4dc\ub97c \uc62c\ubc14\ub974\uac8c \uad6c\ubd84\ud588\ub294\uac00?\n \\item \uc800\uc218\uc694\ub294 \\(F_{H,\\max}\/F_{\\mathrm{EUC}}\\)\ub85c \ubaa9\ud45c \\(PFD\\)\ub97c \uad6c\ud588\ub294\uac00?\n \\item \uace0\uc218\uc694\ub294 \\(F_{H,\\max}\\)\ub97c \uc2dc\uac04\ub2f9 \\(PFH\\)\ub85c \ud658\uc0b0\ud588\ub294\uac00?\n \\item \uc5ec\ub7ec \ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35\uc758 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc131\uacfc CCF\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud588\ub294\uac00?\n \\item \uc804\uccb4 \\(PFD\\)\ub97c \uac01 \ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35\uc5d0 \uba85\uc2dc\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud560\ub2f9\ud588\ub294\uac00?\n \\item SIL\uc740 \uc7a5\ube44 \ub2e8\ud488\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc548\uc804\uae30\ub2a5\ubcc4\ub85c \ud310\uc815\ud588\ub294\uac00?\n \\item \uc815\ud655\ud55c \uc218\uce58\ubaa9\ud45c\uc640 SIL \ub4f1\uae09\uc744 \ubaa8\ub450 \uae30\ub85d\ud588\ub294\uac00?\n \\item \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9\uc73c\ub85c ALARP\ub97c \uac80\ud1a0\ud588\ub294\uac00?\n\\end{enumerate}\n\n% =========================================================\n\\section{\uae30\uc220\uc0ac \ub2f5\uc548\uc6a9 \uc694\uc57d}\n% =========================================================\n\n\\begin{center}\n\\begin{tabularx}{\\textwidth}{p{3.1cm} X}\n\\toprule\n\\textbf{\ub2e8\uacc4} & \\textbf{\ub2f5\uc548 \ud575\uc2ec} \\\\\n\\midrule\n\uc704\ud5d8\uae30\uc900 \uc124\uc815 &\n\uac1c\uc778\u00b7\uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uc704\ud5d8\uacfc \uc0ac\uace0\uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc5ec \ucd5c\ub300 \ud5c8\uc6a9 \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \uc124\uc815\ud55c\ub2e4. \\\\\n\uc704\ud5d8\uc0ac\uac74 \ubaa9\ud45c &\n\ub178\ucd9c, \uc810\ud654, \uce58\uba85\uc131 \ubc0f \uc678\ubd80 \ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35\uc744 \ubc18\uc601\ud558\uc5ec \ucd5c\ub300 \ud5c8\uc6a9 \uc704\ud5d8\uc0ac\uac74 \ube48\ub3c4\ub97c \uc0b0\uc815\ud55c\ub2e4. \\\\\n\uc6b4\uc804\ubaa8\ub4dc \uad6c\ubd84 &\n\ub4dc\ubb38 Demand\uc5d0 \ub300\uc751\ud558\ub294 \ucd94\uac00 \ubcf4\ud638\uae30\ub2a5\uc740 \uc800\uc218\uc694, \uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \uc81c\uc5b4\ud558\ub294 \uae30\ub2a5\uc740 \uace0\uc218\uc694\u00b7\uc5f0\uc18d\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\ubd84\ud55c\ub2e4. \\\\\n\uc815\ub7c9\ubaa9\ud45c \uacc4\uc0b0 &\n\uc800\uc218\uc694\ub294 \ubaa9\ud45c \\(PFD\\), \uace0\uc218\uc694\u00b7\uc5f0\uc18d\uc740 \ubaa9\ud45c \\(PFH\\)\ub97c \uacc4\uc0b0\ud55c\ub2e4. \\\\\n\ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35 \ud560\ub2f9 &\n\ub3c5\ub9bd \ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35\uc758 \\(PFD\\) \uacf1\uc774 \uc804\uccb4 \ubaa9\ud45c\ub97c \ub9cc\uc871\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uac01 \uae30\ub2a5\uc5d0 \ubaa9\ud45c\ub97c \ud560\ub2f9\ud55c\ub2e4. \\\\\nSIL \ud310\uc815 &\n\uacc4\uc0b0\ub41c \\(PFD\/PFH\\)\ub97c SIL \uad6c\uac04\uc5d0 \ub300\uc751\uc2dc\ud0a8\ub2e4. \\\\\n\uc0ac\ud6c4 \uac80\ud1a0 &\nSIL 2 \uc774\uc0c1\uc740 \uc815\ub7c9\uc801 \ubc29\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \ud655\uc778\ud558\uace0, \ucd5c\uc885\uc801\uc73c\ub85c ALARP\ub97c \uac80\ud1a0\ud55c\ub2e4. \\\\\n\\bottomrule\n\\end{tabularx}\n\\end{center}\n\n\\keybox{\ud55c \ubb38\uc7a5 \uc815\ub9ac}{\nChapter 2\uc758 \ubaa9\ud45c SIL \uacb0\uc815\uc740\n\\textbf{\ud5c8\uc6a9 \uc704\ud5d8 \uc124\uc815 \\(\\rightarrow\\) \uc704\ud5d8\uc0ac\uac74 \ud5c8\uc6a9\ube48\ub3c4 \uc0b0\uc815\n\\(\\rightarrow\\) \uc6b4\uc804\ubaa8\ub4dc \uad6c\ubd84 \\(\\rightarrow\\) \ubaa9\ud45c \\(PFD\/PFH\\) \uacc4\uc0b0\n\\(\\rightarrow\\) \ubcf4\ud638\uacc4\uce35\ubcc4 \ud560\ub2f9 \\(\\rightarrow\\) SIL \ud310\uc815 \\(\\rightarrow\\) ALARP \uac80\ud1a0}\n\uc21c\uc11c\ub85c \uc218\ud589\ud55c\ub2e4.\n}\n\n% =========================================================\n\\section*{\ucc38\uace0\ubb38\ud5cc}\n\\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{\ucc38\uace0\ubb38\ud5cc}\n% =========================================================\n\nDavid J. Smith and Kenneth G. L. Simpson,\n\\eng{The Safety Critical Systems Handbook:\nA Straightforward Guide to Functional Safety, IEC 61508, IEC 61511 and Related Guidance},\n4th ed., Butterworth-Heinemann, 2016,\nChapter 2, pp. 25--55.\n\n\\medskip\n\n\ud559\uc2b5 \ub300\uc0c1 \ube14\ub85c\uadf8:\n\\url{https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/the-safety-critical-system-chapter2\/}\n\n\\end{document}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chapter 2 \ubaa9\ud45c SIL \uacb0\uc815\uc758 \uc815\ud655\ud55c \uc808\ucc28 \uc778\uc1c4 \/ PDF \uc800\uc7a5 Chapter 2 \ubaa9\ud45c SIL \uacb0\uc815\uc758 \uc815\ud655\ud55c \uc808\ucc28 The Safety […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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