{"id":9403,"date":"2026-08-26T19:28:26","date_gmt":"2026-08-26T10:28:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/?p=9403"},"modified":"2026-08-26T19:28:29","modified_gmt":"2026-08-26T10:28:29","slug":"the-safety-critical-system-chapter5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/the-safety-critical-system-chapter5\/","title":{"rendered":"The Safety Critical System, Chapter5"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"ko\">\n<head>\n    <meta charset=\"UTF-8\">\n    <title>\uc81c5\uc7a5 \uc2e0\ub8b0\uc131 \ubaa8\ub378\ub9c1 \uae30\ubc95 \uc694\uc57d<\/title>\n    <style>\n        body { font-family: \"Noto Sans KR\", Arial, sans-serif; margin: 2em; line-height: 1.6; }\n        h1, h2, h3 { color: #2c3e50; }\n        table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 1em 0; }\n        th, td { border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 8px; text-align: left; }\n        th { background-color: #f4f4f4; }\n        .formula { font-family: \"Courier New\", monospace; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 4px; display: inline-block; }\n    <\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n\n<h1>\uc81c5\uc7a5 \uc2e0\ub8b0\uc131 \ubaa8\ub378\ub9c1 \uae30\ubc95 \uc694\uc57d<\/h1>\n\n<h2>1. \uc6a9\uc5b4 \uc815\ub9ac (Terminology)<\/h2>\n<ul>\n    <li><strong>&lambda;<sub>dd<\/sub><\/strong>: \ubc1c\uacac\ub41c \uc704\ud5d8 \uace0\uc7a5\ub960<\/li>\n    <li><strong>&lambda;<sub>du<\/sub><\/strong>: \ubc1c\uacac\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc704\ud5d8 \uace0\uc7a5\ub960<\/li>\n    <li><strong>&lambda;<sub>sd<\/sub><\/strong>: \ubc1c\uacac\ub41c \uc548\uc804 \uace0\uc7a5\ub960<\/li>\n    <li><strong>&lambda;<sub>su<\/sub><\/strong>: \ubc1c\uacac\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc548\uc804 \uace0\uc7a5\ub960<\/li>\n    <li><strong>PFD<\/strong>: Probability of Failure on Demand<\/li>\n    <li><strong>CCF<\/strong>: Common Cause Failure<\/li>\n    <li><strong>Proof Test<\/strong>: \uc7a0\ubcf5 \uace0\uc7a5\uc744 \ucc3e\uc544\ub0b4\ub294 \uc815\uae30\uc801 \uc2dc\ud5d8<\/li>\n    <li><strong>Human Factor<\/strong>: \uc0ac\ub78c\uc758 \uc2e4\uc218\ub85c \uc778\ud55c \uc2e4\ud328<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2>2. \uc6a9\uc5b4 \uac04 \uad00\uacc4 \uc124\uba85 (Relationships)<\/h2>\n<p class=\"formula\">&lambda;<sub>d<\/sub> = &lambda;<sub>dd<\/sub> + &lambda;<sub>du<\/sub><\/p>\n<p>PFD\ub294 &lambda;<sub>du<\/sub>\uc640 Proof Test \uc8fc\uae30\uc5d0 \ud06c\uac8c \uc758\uc874\ud558\uba70, Redundancy(1oo2, 2oo3)\ub294 PFD\ub97c \uc904\uc5ec\uc8fc\uc9c0\ub9cc CCF\uac00 \uc788\uc73c\uba74 \ud6a8\uacfc\uac00 \uac10\uc18c\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>FTA \u2194 RBD \ubcc0\ud658:<\/p>\n<ul>\n    <li>FTA AND = RBD OR<\/li>\n    <li>FTA OR = RBD \uc9c1\ub82c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2>3. \uacc4\uc0b0 \uacfc\uc815\uacfc \uc608\uc2dc<\/h2>\n\n<h3>3.1 Failure Rate \ubd84\ub958<\/h3>\n<p class=\"formula\">&lambda;<sub>d<\/sub> = &lambda;<sub>dd<\/sub> + &lambda;<sub>du<\/sub><\/p>\n<p>\uc608\uc2dc: &lambda;<sub>dd<\/sub> = 1\u00d710<sup>-6<\/sup>\/hr, &lambda;<sub>du<\/sub> = 2\u00d710<sup>-6<\/sup>\/hr \u2192 &lambda;<sub>d<\/sub> = 3\u00d710<sup>-6<\/sup>\/hr<\/p>\n\n<h3>3.2 PFD \uacc4\uc0b0 (\ub2e8\uc77c \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c)<\/h3>\n<p class=\"formula\">PFD \u2248 &lambda; \u00d7 T (\ub2e8, &lambda;T \u226a 1)<\/p>\n<p>\uc608\uc2dc: &lambda; = 1\u00d710<sup>-6<\/sup>\/hr, T = 8760 hr \u2192 PFD \u2248 0.00876<\/p>\n\n<h3>3.3 Redundancy (1oo2 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c)<\/h3>\n<p class=\"formula\">PFD \u2248 (&lambda;T)<sup>2<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\uc608\uc2dc: &lambda; = 1\u00d710<sup>-6<\/sup>\/hr, T = 8760 hr \u2192 (0.00876)<sup>2<\/sup> \u2248 7.7\u00d710<sup>-5<\/sup><\/p>\n\n<h3>3.4 Common Cause Failure (CCF)<\/h3>\n<p class=\"formula\">&lambda;<sub>CCF<\/sub> = \u03b2 \u00d7 &lambda;<\/p>\n<p>\uc608\uc2dc: &lambda; = 1\u00d710<sup>-6<\/sup>\/hr, \u03b2 = 0.1 \u2192 &lambda;<sub>CCF<\/sub> = 1\u00d710<sup>-7<\/sup>\/hr<\/p>\n\n<h3>3.5 FTA \u2194 RBD<\/h3>\n<p>FTA: A\u0304 \u2227 B\u0304 = C\u0304<br>RBD: A \u2228 B = C<\/p>\n<p>\ub3d9\uc77c \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc744 \uc2e4\ud328 \uad00\uc810(FTA)\uacfc \uc131\uacf5 \uad00\uc810(RBD)\uc73c\ub85c \ud45c\ud604\ud558\uba74 \uc218\ud559\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \uc5bb\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n<h3>3.6 Proof Test \ubd88\uc644\uc804\uc131<\/h3>\n<p class=\"formula\">TE = T<sub>1<\/sub> \u00d7 (X\/100) + T<sub>2<\/sub> \u00d7 (100\u2013X)\/100<\/p>\n<p>\uc608\uc2dc: T<sub>1<\/sub> = 1\ub144, T<sub>2<\/sub> = 10\ub144, X = 90% \u2192 TE = 1.9\ub144<\/p>\n\n<h3>3.7 Human Factor<\/h3>\n<p class=\"formula\">&lambda;<sub>total<\/sub> = &lambda;<sub>d<\/sub> + &lambda;<sub>h<\/sub><\/p>\n<p>\uc608\uc2dc: &lambda;<sub>d<\/sub> = 3\u00d710<sup>-6<\/sup>\/hr, &lambda;<sub>h<\/sub> = 5\u00d710<sup>-7<\/sup>\/hr \u2192 &lambda;<sub>total<\/sub> = 3.5\u00d710<sup>-6<\/sup>\/hr<\/p>\n\n<h2>4. \ud575\uc2ec \uc694\uc57d<\/h2>\n<ul>\n    <li>\uace0\uc7a5 \ubd84\ub958 (&lambda;<sub>dd<\/sub>, &lambda;<sub>du<\/sub>, &lambda;<sub>sd<\/sub>, &lambda;<sub>su<\/sub>)<\/li>\n    <li>PFD \uacc4\uc0b0<\/li>\n    <li>\uc911\ubcf5 \uad6c\uc870\uc640 CCF<\/li>\n    <li>FTA\/RBD \ub17c\ub9ac\uc801 \ub4f1\uac00\uc131<\/li>\n    <li>Proof Test \ubd88\uc644\uc804\uc131<\/li>\n    <li>Human Factor \ubc18\uc601<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/TheSafetyCriticlaSystem-3-1.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px\" aria-label=\"TheSafetyCriticlaSystem-3\uc758 \uc0bd\uc785.\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-abc7fde4-cde8-454e-8f2b-8ca5606ebfe1\" href=\"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/TheSafetyCriticlaSystem-3-1.pdf\">TheSafetyCriticlaSystem-3<\/a><a 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[&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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