{"id":9443,"date":"2026-09-02T21:58:06","date_gmt":"2026-09-02T12:58:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/?p=9443"},"modified":"2026-09-21T23:32:33","modified_gmt":"2026-09-21T14:32:33","slug":"lessons-in-industrial-instrumentation-chapter-7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/lessons-in-industrial-instrumentation-chapter-7\/","title":{"rendered":"Lessons In Industrial Instrumentation, Chapter 7"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style>\n\/* =========================================================\n   Chapter 7 - Wide Screen Style\n   ========================================================= *\/\n\n.chapter7-wide {\n  --navy: #17344f;\n  --blue: #2e6f9f;\n  --pale: #edf5fa;\n  --orange: #d77b2a;\n  --ink: #202c36;\n  --muted: #62717e;\n  --line: #d8e1e8;\n  --paper: #ffffff;\n  --background: #edf1f4;\n\n  box-sizing: border-box;\n\n  width: min(1500px, calc(100vw - 40px));\n  max-width: none !important;\n\n  margin-left: 50% !important;\n  margin-right: 0 !important;\n  transform: translateX(-50%);\n\n  padding: 0;\n\n  color: var(--ink);\n  background: var(--background);\n\n  font-family:\n    \"Pretendard\",\n    \"Noto Sans KR\",\n    \"Apple SD Gothic Neo\",\n    \"Malgun Gothic\",\n    Arial,\n    sans-serif;\n\n  font-size: 20px;\n  line-height: 1.8;\n\n  word-break: keep-all;\n}\n\n\n\/* \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc694\uc18c \ud06c\uae30 \uacc4\uc0b0 \ud1b5\uc77c *\/\n\n.chapter7-wide *,\n.chapter7-wide *::before,\n.chapter7-wide *::after {\n  box-sizing: border-box;\n}\n\n\n\/* =========================================================\n   Main Frame\n   ========================================================= *\/\n\n.chapter7-wide .frame {\n  width: 100%;\n  margin: 0 auto;\n\n  overflow: hidden;\n\n  border: 1px solid var(--line);\n  border-radius: 18px;\n\n  background: var(--paper);\n\n  box-shadow: 0 22px 60px rgba(23, 52, 79, 0.12);\n}\n\n\n\/* =========================================================\n  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scroll-margin-top: 22px;\n}\n\n.chapter7-wide section + section {\n  margin-top: 60px;\n  padding-top: 48px;\n\n  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);\n}\n\n\n\/* =========================================================\n   Headings\n   ========================================================= *\/\n\n.chapter7-wide h2 {\n  margin: 0 0 28px;\n\n  color: var(--navy);\n\n  font-size: 31px;\n  line-height: 1.4;\n\n  letter-spacing: -0.03em;\n}\n\n.chapter7-wide h3 {\n  margin: 34px 0 12px;\n\n  color: var(--navy);\n\n  font-size: 24px;\n  line-height: 1.5;\n}\n\n.chapter7-wide p,\n.chapter7-wide li {\n  font-size: 20px;\n  line-height: 1.8;\n}\n\n.chapter7-wide p {\n  margin: 10px 0;\n}\n\n.chapter7-wide ul,\n.chapter7-wide ol {\n  padding-left: 1.6em;\n}\n\n.chapter7-wide li + li {\n  margin-top: 7px;\n}\n\n\n\/* =========================================================\n   Overview\n   ========================================================= *\/\n\n.chapter7-wide .overview {\n  display: grid;\n\n  grid-template-columns:\n    repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));\n\n  gap: 18px;\n\n  align-items: stretch;\n\n  margin-bottom: 24px;\n}\n\n.chapter7-wide .overview .item {\n  padding: 24px 20px;\n\n  border: 1px solid var(--line);\n  border-radius: 12px;\n\n  background: #f8fafb;\n\n  text-align: center;\n}\n\n.chapter7-wide .overview strong {\n  display: block;\n\n  color: var(--navy);\n\n  font-size: 24px;\n}\n\n.chapter7-wide .overview span {\n  display: block;\n\n  margin-top: 8px;\n\n  color: var(--muted);\n\n  font-size: 18px;\n}\n\n\n\/* =========================================================\n   Relation \/ Flow\n   ========================================================= *\/\n\n.chapter7-wide .relation {\n  margin: 24px 0;\n\n  padding: 22px 26px;\n\n  border-left: 6px solid var(--orange);\n  border-radius: 6px 12px 12px 6px;\n\n  color: var(--navy);\n  background: #fff7ee;\n\n  font-family: Georgia, \"Times New Roman\", serif;\n\n  font-size: 23px;\n  line-height: 1.7;\n 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#bfd6e5;\n  border-radius: 12px;\n\n  color: var(--navy);\n  background: var(--pale);\n\n  font-size: 20px;\n  line-height: 1.8;\n}\n\n\n\/* =========================================================\n   Table\n   ========================================================= *\/\n\n.chapter7-wide .table-wrap {\n  width: 100%;\n\n  overflow-x: auto;\n\n  margin: 24px 0;\n}\n\n.chapter7-wide table {\n  width: 100%;\n  min-width: 850px;\n\n  border-collapse: collapse;\n\n  background: #ffffff;\n\n  font-size: 19px;\n}\n\n.chapter7-wide th,\n.chapter7-wide td {\n  padding: 16px 18px;\n\n  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);\n\n  text-align: left;\n  vertical-align: top;\n\n  line-height: 1.65;\n}\n\n.chapter7-wide th {\n  color: #ffffff;\n\n  background: var(--navy);\n\n  font-size: 20px;\n  font-weight: 700;\n}\n\n.chapter7-wide tbody tr:nth-child(even) {\n  background: #f7f9fb;\n}\n\n\n\/* =========================================================\n   Story\n   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1fr));\n\n  gap: 16px;\n\n  margin: 24px 0;\n\n  padding: 0;\n\n  list-style: none;\n\n  counter-reset: item;\n}\n\n.chapter7-wide .memory li {\n  counter-increment: item;\n\n  margin: 0;\n\n  padding: 20px 22px;\n\n  border: 1px solid var(--line);\n  border-radius: 10px;\n\n  background: #fafcfd;\n\n  font-size: 19px;\n}\n\n.chapter7-wide .memory li::before {\n  content: counter(item, decimal-leading-zero);\n\n  margin-right: 12px;\n\n  color: var(--orange);\n\n  font-family: Georgia, \"Times New Roman\", serif;\n\n  font-size: 20px;\n  font-weight: 800;\n}\n\n\n\/* =========================================================\n   Closing\n   ========================================================= *\/\n\n.chapter7-wide .closing {\n  margin-top: 30px;\n\n  padding: 30px;\n\n  border-radius: 12px;\n\n  color: #ffffff;\n  background: var(--navy);\n\n  font-size: 23px;\n  line-height: 1.8;\n  font-weight: 800;\n\n  text-align: center;\n}\n\n\n\/* =========================================================\n   Tablet\n   ========================================================= *\/\n\n@media (max-width: 1000px) {\n\n  .chapter7-wide {\n    width: calc(100vw - 24px);\n\n    font-size: 18px;\n  }\n\n  .chapter7-wide header {\n    padding: 44px 34px;\n  }\n\n  .chapter7-wide h1 {\n    font-size: 46px;\n  }\n\n  .chapter7-wide .lead {\n    font-size: 19px;\n  }\n\n  .chapter7-wide .content {\n    padding: 36px 30px 55px;\n  }\n\n  .chapter7-wide p,\n  .chapter7-wide li {\n    font-size: 18px;\n  }\n\n  .chapter7-wide .relation {\n    font-size: 20px;\n  }\n\n}\n\n\n\/* =========================================================\n   Mobile\n   ========================================================= *\/\n\n@media (max-width: 700px) {\n\n  .chapter7-wide {\n    width: calc(100vw - 8px);\n\n    background: #ffffff;\n  }\n\n  .chapter7-wide .frame {\n    border: 0;\n    border-radius: 0;\n\n    box-shadow: none;\n  }\n\n  .chapter7-wide header {\n    padding: 36px 20px;\n  }\n\n  .chapter7-wide h1 {\n    font-size: 36px;\n  }\n\n  .chapter7-wide .lead {\n    font-size: 17px;\n  }\n\n  .chapter7-wide .content {\n    padding: 28px 18px 45px;\n  }\n\n  .chapter7-wide h2 {\n    font-size: 26px;\n  }\n\n  .chapter7-wide h3 {\n    font-size: 21px;\n  }\n\n  .chapter7-wide p,\n  .chapter7-wide li {\n    font-size: 17px;\n  }\n\n  .chapter7-wide .overview,\n  .chapter7-wide .memory {\n    grid-template-columns: 1fr;\n  }\n\n  .chapter7-wide .overview {\n    gap: 10px;\n  }\n\n  .chapter7-wide .relation {\n    font-size: 18px;\n  }\n\n  .chapter7-wide .keybox {\n    font-size: 17px;\n  }\n\n  .chapter7-wide .story {\n    margin-left: 8px;\n\n    padding-left: 30px;\n  }\n\n  .chapter7-wide .step::before {\n    left: -49px;\n\n    width: 34px;\n    height: 34px;\n  }\n\n  .chapter7-wide table {\n    min-width: 700px;\n  }\n\n}\n\n\n\/* =========================================================\n   Print\n   ========================================================= *\/\n\n@media print {\n\n  .chapter7-wide {\n    width: 100%;\n\n    margin: 0 !important;\n    transform: none;\n\n    background: #ffffff;\n  }\n\n  .chapter7-wide .frame {\n    width: 100%;\n\n    border: 0;\n\n    box-shadow: none;\n  }\n\n  .chapter7-wide header {\n    print-color-adjust: exact;\n    -webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;\n  }\n\n  .chapter7-wide .definition,\n  .chapter7-wide .keybox,\n  .chapter7-wide .step,\n  .chapter7-wide tr {\n    break-inside: avoid;\n  }\n\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n<div class=\"chapter7-wide\">\n\n  <main class=\"frame\">\n\n    <!-- ================================================= -->\n    <header>\n\n      <p class=\"kicker\">\n        Chapter 7 \u00b7 Study Note\n      <\/p>\n\n      <h1>\n        Instrumentation<br>\n        Documents\n      <\/h1>\n\n      <p class=\"lead\">\n        \uacc4\uce21 \ubb38\uc11c\ub294 \ud55c \uc7a5\uc5d0 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \ub123\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4.\n        \ubaa9\uc801\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ub3c4\uba74\uc744 \ub098\ub204\uace0,\n        \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uc218\uc900\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud655\ub300\ud558\uc5ec \ubcf8\ub2e4.\n      <\/p>\n\n    <\/header>\n\n\n    <div class=\"content\">\n\n\n      <!-- ================================================= -->\n      <section aria-labelledby=\"overview-title\">\n\n        <h2 id=\"overview-title\">\n          \uc804\uccb4 \uad6c\uc870\n        <\/h2>\n\n\n        <div class=\"overview\">\n\n          <div class=\"item\">\n            <strong>PFD<\/strong>\n            <span>\uacf5\uc815 \uc804\uccb4<\/span>\n          <\/div>\n\n          <div class=\"item\">\n            <strong>P&amp;ID<\/strong>\n            <span>\uacc4\uce21\u00b7\uc81c\uc5b4 \uad00\uacc4<\/span>\n          <\/div>\n\n          <div class=\"item\">\n            <strong>Loop Diagram<\/strong>\n            <span>\uc2e4\uc81c \uc5f0\uacb0<\/span>\n          <\/div>\n\n        <\/div>\n\n\n        <div class=\"relation\">\n          PFD\n          \u2192 P&amp;ID\n          \u2192 Loop Diagram\n        <\/div>\n\n\n        <p>\n          \uc624\ub978\ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \uac08\uc218\ub85d\n          <strong>\ubc94\uc704\ub294 \uc881\uc544\uc9c0\uace0 \uc0c1\uc138\ub3c4\ub294 \ub192\uc544\uc9c4\ub2e4.<\/strong>\n        <\/p>\n\n        <p>\n          Functional Diagram\uc740 \uc774 \ud750\ub984\uacfc \ubcc4\uac1c\uc758 \uad00\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c\n          \uc81c\uc5b4\uc804\ub7b5\uacfc \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc900\ub2e4.\n        <\/p>\n\n      <\/section>\n\n\n      <!-- ================================================= -->\n      <section aria-labelledby=\"terms-title\">\n\n        <h2 id=\"terms-title\">\n          1. \uc6a9\uc5b4 \uc815\uc758\n        <\/h2>\n\n\n        <!-- PFD -->\n        <article class=\"definition\">\n\n          <h3>\n            PFD \u00b7 Process Flow Diagram\n          <\/h3>\n\n          <p>\n            <strong>\uacf5\uc815\uc758 \ud070 \ud750\ub984\uc744 \ubcf4\ub294 \ub3c4\uba74<\/strong>\uc774\ub2e4.\n          <\/p>\n\n          <p>\n            \uc8fc\uc694 Vessel, Pipe, Equipment\uc640\n            \uc720\uccb4 \ubc0f \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uc758 \ud750\ub984\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b8\ub2e4.\n          <\/p>\n\n          <p class=\"question\">\n            \ud575\uc2ec \uc9c8\ubb38:\n            \uacf5\uc815\uc774 \uc5b4\ub514\uc11c \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uc5ec \uc5b4\ub514\ub85c \ud750\ub974\ub294\uac00?\n          <\/p>\n\n        <\/article>\n\n\n        <!-- P&ID -->\n        <article class=\"definition\">\n\n          <h3>\n            P&amp;ID \u00b7 Process and Instrument Diagram\n          <\/h3>\n\n          <p>\n            <strong>\n              \uacf5\uc815\uacfc \uacc4\uce21\u00b7\uc81c\uc5b4 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ud568\uaed8 \ubcf4\ub294 \ub3c4\uba74\n            <\/strong>\uc774\ub2e4.\n          <\/p>\n\n          <p>\n            Instrument, Controller,\n            Final Control Element,\n            Signal Connection,\n            Loop Number\uc640 \uc124\uce58 \uc704\uce58\ub97c \ud45c\uc2dc\ud55c\ub2e4.\n          <\/p>\n\n          <p class=\"question\">\n            \ud575\uc2ec \uc9c8\ubb38:\n            \ubb34\uc5c7\uc744 \uce21\uc815\ud558\uace0,\n            \ub204\uac00 \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\uace0,\n            \ubb34\uc5c7\uc744 \uc870\uc791\ud558\ub294\uac00?\n          <\/p>\n\n        <\/article>\n\n\n        <!-- Loop Diagram -->\n        <article class=\"definition\">\n\n          <h3>\n            Loop Diagram\n          <\/h3>\n\n          <p>\n            <strong>\n              \ud55c \uac1c\uc758 Control Loop\ub97c\n              \uc2e4\uc81c \uc5f0\uacb0 \uc218\uc900\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b8 \ub3c4\uba74\n            <\/strong>\uc774\ub2e4.\n          <\/p>\n\n          <p>\n            Wiring, Cable, Terminal,\n            Junction Box, Panel,\n            Grounding, Signal Range,\n            Calibration \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud55c\ub2e4.\n          <\/p>\n\n          <p class=\"question\">\n            \ud575\uc2ec \uc9c8\ubb38:\n            \uc2e0\ud638\uac00 \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uacbd\ub85c\ub97c \ub530\ub77c \uc804\ub2ec\ub418\ub294\uac00?\n          <\/p>\n\n        <\/article>\n\n\n        <!-- Functional Diagram -->\n        <article class=\"definition\">\n\n          <h3>\n            Functional Diagram\n          <\/h3>\n\n          <p>\n            <strong>\n              \uc81c\uc5b4\uc804\ub7b5\uacfc \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\ub294 \ub3c4\uba74\n            <\/strong>\uc774\ub2e4.\n          <\/p>\n\n          <p>\n            \uc124\uce58 \uc704\uce58\ub098 \ubc30\uc120\ubcf4\ub2e4\n            PID, Cascade, Setpoint,\n            Auto\/Manual\uacfc\n            \uc2e0\ud638\uc758 \uae30\ub2a5 \uad00\uacc4\uc5d0 \ucd08\uc810\uc744 \ub454\ub2e4.\n          <\/p>\n\n          <p class=\"question\">\n            \ud575\uc2ec \uc9c8\ubb38:\n            \uc774 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc740 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ub17c\ub9ac\ub85c \uc81c\uc5b4\ud558\ub294\uac00?\n          <\/p>\n\n        <\/article>\n\n\n        <!-- Instrument Tag -->\n        <h3>\n          Instrument Tag\n        <\/h3>\n\n        <p>\n          \uacc4\uae30\uc758 \ub300\uc0c1 \ubcc0\uc218, \uae30\ub2a5,\n          \uc18c\uc18d Loop\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b8\ub2e4.\n        <\/p>\n\n        <div class=\"relation\">\n          Tag\n          = Variable\n          + Function\n          + Loop Number\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"relation\">\n          FT42 \u2192 FIC42 \u2192 FV42\n          <br>\n          \uce21\uc815 \u2192 \ud310\ub2e8 \u2192 \uc870\uc791\n        <\/div>\n\n        <p>\n          \uac19\uc740 \ubc88\ud638 42\ub294\n          \uac19\uc740 Control Loop\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud568\uc744 \ub73b\ud55c\ub2e4.\n        <\/p>\n\n\n        <!-- Bubble -->\n        <h3>\n          Instrument Bubble\uacfc Line Type\n        <\/h3>\n\n        <ul>\n\n          <li>\n            <strong>\uc120 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc6d0:<\/strong>\n            Field Mounted\n          <\/li>\n\n          <li>\n            <strong>\uc120 \uc788\ub294 \uc6d0:<\/strong>\n            Panel \ub610\ub294 Control Room Mounted\n          <\/li>\n\n          <li>\n            <strong>\uc0ac\uac01\ud615\uc73c\ub85c \ubb36\uc778 Bubble:<\/strong>\n            \ud558\ub098\uc758 Physical Instrument\uc5d0 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uae30\ub2a5\n          <\/li>\n\n        <\/ul>\n\n        <p>\n          Line Type\uc740 \uacf5\uc815 \uc720\uccb4, \uc804\uae30 \uc2e0\ud638,\n          \uacf5\uc555 \uc2e0\ud638, \uc720\uc555 \uc2e0\ud638, Data Link \ub4f1\n          <strong>\ubb34\uc5c7\uc774 \uc804\ub2ec\ub418\ub294\uac00<\/strong>\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b8\ub2e4.\n        <\/p>\n\n        <div class=\"keybox\">\n          <strong>Tag<\/strong>\n          = \ubb34\uc5c7\uc744 \ud558\ub294\uac00?\n          <br><br>\n\n          <strong>Bubble<\/strong>\n          = \uc5b4\ub514\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294\uac00?\n          <br><br>\n\n          <strong>Line<\/strong>\n          = \ubb34\uc5c7\uc774 \uc804\ub2ec\ub418\ub294\uac00?\n        <\/div>\n\n      <\/section>\n\n\n      <!-- ================================================= -->\n      <section aria-labelledby=\"relations-title\">\n\n        <h2 id=\"relations-title\">\n          2. \uc6a9\uc5b4 \uac04 \uad00\uacc4\n        <\/h2>\n\n\n        <div class=\"table-wrap\">\n\n          <table>\n\n            <thead>\n\n              <tr>\n                <th>\ub3c4\uba74<\/th>\n                <th>\ubcf4\ub294 \ub300\uc0c1<\/th>\n                <th>\ud575\uc2ec \uc9c8\ubb38<\/th>\n              <\/tr>\n\n            <\/thead>\n\n\n            <tbody>\n\n              <tr>\n\n                <td>\n                  <strong>PFD<\/strong>\n                <\/td>\n\n                <td>\n                  \uacf5\uc815 \uc804\uccb4\uc758 \ud750\ub984\n                <\/td>\n\n                <td>\n                  \uc5b4\ub514\ub85c \ud750\ub974\ub294\uac00?\n                <\/td>\n\n              <\/tr>\n\n\n              <tr>\n\n                <td>\n                  <strong>P&amp;ID<\/strong>\n                <\/td>\n\n                <td>\n                  \uacf5\uc815\uacfc \uacc4\uce21\u00b7\uc81c\uc5b4 \uad00\uacc4\n                <\/td>\n\n                <td>\n                  \ubb34\uc5c7\uc774 \uce21\uc815\u00b7\ud310\ub2e8\u00b7\uc870\uc791\ud558\ub294\uac00?\n                <\/td>\n\n              <\/tr>\n\n\n              <tr>\n\n                <td>\n                  <strong>Loop Diagram<\/strong>\n                <\/td>\n\n                <td>\n                  \ud55c Loop\uc758 \uc2e4\uc81c \uc5f0\uacb0\n                <\/td>\n\n                <td>\n                  \uc2e0\ud638\uac00 \uc5b4\ub514\ub97c \ud1b5\uacfc\ud558\ub294\uac00?\n                <\/td>\n\n              <\/tr>\n\n\n              <tr>\n\n                <td>\n                  <strong>Functional Diagram<\/strong>\n                <\/td>\n\n                <td>\n                  \uc81c\uc5b4\uc804\ub7b5\uacfc \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\n                <\/td>\n\n                <td>\n                  \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ub17c\ub9ac\ub85c \uc81c\uc5b4\ud558\ub294\uac00?\n                <\/td>\n\n              <\/tr>\n\n            <\/tbody>\n\n          <\/table>\n\n        <\/div>\n\n\n        <div class=\"keybox\">\n\n          Functional Diagram\uc740\n          \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \ub354 \uc0c1\uc138\ud55c \ub3c4\uba74\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n\n          <br><br>\n\n          PFD \u2192 P&amp;ID \u2192 Loop Diagram\uc774\n          \uc124\ube44\ub97c \ud655\ub300\ud574 \ubcf4\ub294 \ucd95\uc774\ub77c\uba74,\n\n          <strong>\n            Functional Diagram\uc740\n            Control Strategy\ub9cc \ub530\ub85c \ubcf4\ub294 \ucd95\n          <\/strong>\n          \uc774\ub2e4.\n\n        <\/div>\n\n      <\/section>\n\n\n      <!-- ================================================= -->\n      <section aria-labelledby=\"story-title\">\n\n        <h2 id=\"story-title\">\n          3. \ubb38\uc81c \ud574\uacb0 \uc2a4\ud1a0\ub9ac\n        <\/h2>\n\n\n        <div class=\"keybox\">\n\n          <strong>\uc0c1\ud669<\/strong>\n\n          <br><br>\n\n          \ud0f1\ud06c\uc758 LT201 \ud604\uc7a5\uac12\uc740 \uc815\uc0c1\uc778\ub370,\n          \uc81c\uc5b4\uc2e4\uc758 LIC201\uc5d0\ub294 0%\uac00 \ud45c\uc2dc\ub41c\ub2e4.\n\n        <\/div>\n\n\n        <div class=\"story\">\n\n\n          <!-- STEP 1 -->\n          <article\n            class=\"step\"\n            data-step=\"1\"\n          >\n\n            <h3>\n              PFD\ub85c \uacf5\uc815 \uc804\uccb4\ub97c \ubcf8\ub2e4\n            <\/h3>\n\n            <p>\n              \uc720\uccb4\uc640 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uac00 \uc5b4\ub514\uc5d0\uc11c \uacf5\uae09\ub418\uace0\n              \uc5b4\ub514\ub85c \ud750\ub974\ub294\uc9c0 \ud655\uc778\ud55c\ub2e4.\n            <\/p>\n\n            <p>\n              \uacf5\uc815 \uc790\uccb4\uac00 \uc131\ub9bd\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4\uba74\n              \uc774 \ub2e8\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6d0\uc778\uc744 \ucc3e\ub294\ub2e4.\n            <\/p>\n\n          <\/article>\n\n\n          <!-- STEP 2 -->\n          <article\n            class=\"step\"\n            data-step=\"2\"\n          >\n\n            <h3>\n              P&amp;ID\ub85c \uc81c\uc5b4 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ubcf8\ub2e4\n            <\/h3>\n\n            <p>\n              LT201, LIC201, LV201\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud55c\ub2e4.\n            <\/p>\n\n            <p>\n              \uc911\uac04\uc5d0 Converter, Relay \ub610\ub294\n              \ub2e4\ub978 \uae30\ub2a5\uc774 \uc788\ub294\uc9c0\ub3c4 \ud655\uc778\ud55c\ub2e4.\n            <\/p>\n\n            <div class=\"relation\">\n              LT201\n              \u2192 LIC201\n              \u2192 LV201\n            <\/div>\n\n          <\/article>\n\n\n          <!-- STEP 3 -->\n          <article\n            class=\"step\"\n            data-step=\"3\"\n          >\n\n            <h3>\n              Loop Diagram\uc73c\ub85c \uc2e0\ud638\ub97c \ucd94\uc801\ud55c\ub2e4\n            <\/h3>\n\n            <p>\n              \ud604\uc7a5\uac12\uc740 \uc815\uc0c1\uc778\ub370\n              \uc81c\uc5b4\uc2e4 \ud45c\uc2dc\ub9cc \uc774\uc0c1\ud558\ub2e4\uba74\n              \uc2e0\ud638 \uc804\ub2ec \uacbd\ub85c\ub97c \uc6b0\uc120 \ud655\uc778\ud55c\ub2e4.\n            <\/p>\n\n            <p>\n              Cable, Wire, Terminal,\n              Junction Box, Power,\n              I\/O Card\uc640 Signal Range\ub97c \ub530\ub77c\uac00\uba70\n              \uc2e0\ud638\uac00 \ub04a\uae34 \uc9c0\uc810\uc744 \ucc3e\ub294\ub2e4.\n            <\/p>\n\n            <div class=\"relation\">\n              Input\n              \u2192 Instrument\n              \u2192 Output\n            <\/div>\n\n            <p>\n              <strong>Direct Acting:<\/strong>\n              Input \u2191 \u2192 Output \u2191\n            <\/p>\n\n            <p>\n              <strong>Reverse Acting:<\/strong>\n              Input \u2191 \u2192 Output \u2193\n            <\/p>\n\n          <\/article>\n\n\n          <!-- STEP 4 -->\n          <article\n            class=\"step\"\n            data-step=\"4\"\n          >\n\n            <h3>\n              Functional Diagram\uc73c\ub85c \uc81c\uc5b4 \ub17c\ub9ac\ub97c \ubcf8\ub2e4\n            <\/h3>\n\n            <p>\n              \ubc30\uc120\uacfc \uc2e0\ud638\uac00 \uc815\uc0c1\uc778\ub370\n              controller\uc758 \ubc18\uc751\uc774 \uc774\uc0c1\ud558\ub2e4\uba74\n              PID, Setpoint\uc640 Cascade Control\uc758\n              \uae30\ub2a5 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud55c\ub2e4.\n            <\/p>\n\n            <div class=\"relation\">\n              LT\n              \u2192 LIC\n              \u2500 SP \u2192\n              FIC\n              \u2192 FCV\n            <\/div>\n\n          <\/article>\n\n        <\/div>\n\n\n        <div class=\"keybox\">\n\n          \ubb38\uc81c \ud574\uacb0\uc758 \uae30\uc900\uc740\n          \ub3c4\uba74\uc758 \uace0\uc815 \uc21c\uc11c\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c\n          <strong>\ubb38\uc81c\uc758 \uc885\ub958<\/strong>\uc774\ub2e4.\n\n          <br><br>\n\n          \uacf5\uc815 \uc774\uc0c1 \u2192 PFD\n          <br>\n          \uae30\ub2a5 \uad00\uacc4 \u2192 P&amp;ID\n          <br>\n          \uc2e0\ud638 \uacbd\ub85c \u2192 Loop Diagram\n          <br>\n          \uc81c\uc5b4 \ub17c\ub9ac \u2192 Functional Diagram\n\n        <\/div>\n\n      <\/section>\n\n\n      <!-- ================================================= -->\n      <section aria-labelledby=\"memory-title\">\n\n        <h2 id=\"memory-title\">\n          4. \ud575\uc2ec \uc554\uae30 \uad6c\uc870\n        <\/h2>\n\n\n        <ol class=\"memory\">\n\n          <li>\n            <strong>PFD:<\/strong>\n            \uacf5\uc815\uc744 \ubcf8\ub2e4.\n          <\/li>\n\n          <li>\n            <strong>P&amp;ID:<\/strong>\n            \uacc4\uce21\u00b7\uc81c\uc5b4 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ubcf8\ub2e4.\n          <\/li>\n\n          <li>\n            <strong>Loop Diagram:<\/strong>\n            \uc2e4\uc81c \uc5f0\uacb0\uc744 \ubcf8\ub2e4.\n          <\/li>\n\n          <li>\n            <strong>Functional Diagram:<\/strong>\n            \uc81c\uc5b4\uc804\ub7b5\uc744 \ubcf8\ub2e4.\n          <\/li>\n\n          <li>\n            <strong>Tag:<\/strong>\n            \uacc4\uae30\uc758 \uc5ed\ud560\uacfc Loop\ub97c \uc77d\ub294\ub2e4.\n          <\/li>\n\n          <li>\n            <strong>Bubble:<\/strong>\n            \uacc4\uae30\uc758 \uc124\uce58 \uc704\uce58\ub97c \uc77d\ub294\ub2e4.\n          <\/li>\n\n          <li>\n            <strong>Line Type:<\/strong>\n            \uc804\ub2ec\ub418\ub294 \ub300\uc0c1\uc744 \uc77d\ub294\ub2e4.\n          <\/li>\n\n        <\/ol>\n\n\n        <div class=\"closing\">\n\n          \uacf5\uc815\uc744 \ubcf4\uace0(PFD),\n          \uc81c\uc5b4\uad6c\uc870\ub97c \ucc3e\uace0(P&amp;ID),\n\n          <br>\n\n          \ubc30\uc120\uc744 \ub530\ub77c\uac00\uace0(Loop),\n          \uc81c\uc5b4\ub17c\ub9ac\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud55c\ub2e4(Functional).\n\n        <\/div>\n\n      <\/section>\n\n\n    <\/div>\n\n  <\/main>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Lessons_In_Industrial_Instrumentation.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px\" aria-label=\"Lessons_In_Industrial_Instrumentation\uc758 \uc0bd\uc785.\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-ed8ef152-587e-44ef-b43b-6fc4e6a310d3\" href=\"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Lessons_In_Industrial_Instrumentation.pdf\">Lessons_In_Industrial_Instrumentation<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Lessons_In_Industrial_Instrumentation.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-ed8ef152-587e-44ef-b43b-6fc4e6a310d3\">\ub2e4\uc6b4\ub85c\ub4dc<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>% Overleaf compiler: XeLaTeX\n\\documentclass&#91;11pt,a4paper]{article}\n\n\\usepackage{kotex}\n\\usepackage&#91;margin=22mm]{geometry}\n\\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb}\n\\usepackage{array,booktabs,tabularx}\n\\usepackage{xcolor}\n\\usepackage{enumitem}\n\\usepackage&#91;most]{tcolorbox}\n\\usepackage{hyperref}\n\n\\definecolor{mainblue}{HTML}{244A73}\n\\definecolor{lightblue}{HTML}{EEF4FA}\n\\definecolor{linegray}{HTML}{D7DEE7}\n\n\\hypersetup{colorlinks=true,linkcolor=mainblue,urlcolor=mainblue}\n\\setlength{\\parindent}{0pt}\n\\setlength{\\parskip}{0.45em}\n\\setlist&#91;itemize]{leftmargin=1.6em,itemsep=0.15em,topsep=0.25em}\n\\setlist&#91;enumerate]{leftmargin=1.8em,itemsep=0.25em,topsep=0.25em}\n\\renewcommand{\\arraystretch}{1.25}\n\n\\newtcolorbox{keybox}&#91;1]&#91;]{\n  colback=lightblue,\n  colframe=mainblue,\n  boxrule=0.7pt,\n  arc=2mm,\n  left=3mm,right=3mm,top=2mm,bottom=2mm,\n  #1\n}\n\n\\title{\\textbf{Chapter 7. Instrumentation Documents}}\n\\author{}\n\\date{}\n\n\\begin{document}\n\\maketitle\n\\vspace{-2.5em}\n\n\\begin{keybox}\n\uacc4\uce21 \ubb38\uc11c\ub294 \ud55c \uc7a5\uc5d0 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \ub123\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4. \ubaa9\uc801\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ub3c4\uba74\uc744 \ub098\ub204\uace0,\n\ud544\uc694\ud55c \uc218\uc900\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud655\ub300\ud558\uc5ec \ubcf8\ub2e4.\n\\end{keybox}\n\n\\section{\uc6a9\uc5b4 \uc815\uc758}\n\n\\subsection{PFD: Process Flow Diagram}\n\n\\textbf{\uacf5\uc815\uc758 \ud070 \ud750\ub984\uc744 \ubcf4\ub294 \ub3c4\uba74}\uc774\ub2e4.\n\n\uc8fc\uc694 Vessel, Pipe, Equipment\uc640 \uc720\uccb4 \ubc0f \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uc758 \ud750\ub984\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b8\ub2e4.\n\uacc4\uce21\u00b7\uc81c\uc5b4\uc758 \uc0c1\uc138 \uc5f0\uacb0\uc740 \uac70\uc758 \ud45c\ud604\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4.\n\n\\begin{keybox}\n\ud575\uc2ec \uc9c8\ubb38: \\textbf{\uacf5\uc815\uc774 \uc5b4\ub514\uc11c \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uc5ec \uc5b4\ub514\ub85c \ud750\ub974\ub294\uac00?}\n\\end{keybox}\n\n\\subsection{P\\&amp;ID: Process and Instrument Diagram}\n\n\\textbf{\uacf5\uc815\uacfc \uacc4\uce21\u00b7\uc81c\uc5b4 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ud568\uaed8 \ubcf4\ub294 \ub3c4\uba74}\uc774\ub2e4.\n\nPFD\uc758 \uacf5\uc815 \uc815\ubcf4\uc5d0 Instrument, Controller, Final Control Element,\nSignal Connection, Loop Number\uc640 \uc124\uce58 \uc704\uce58\ub97c \ucd94\uac00\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\n\\begin{keybox}\n\ud575\uc2ec \uc9c8\ubb38: \\textbf{\ubb34\uc5c7\uc744 \uce21\uc815\ud558\uace0, \ub204\uac00 \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\uace0, \ubb34\uc5c7\uc744 \uc870\uc791\ud558\ub294\uac00?}\n\\end{keybox}\n\n\\subsection{Loop Diagram}\n\n\\textbf{\ud55c \uac1c\uc758 Control Loop\ub97c \uc2e4\uc81c \uc5f0\uacb0 \uc218\uc900\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b8 \ub3c4\uba74}\uc774\ub2e4.\n\nWiring, Cable, Terminal, Junction Box, Panel, Grounding,\nSignal Range\uc640 Calibration \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.\n\uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc67c\ucabd\uc5d0\ub294 Field Instrument, \uc624\ub978\ucabd\uc5d0\ub294 Control Panel\uc744 \ubc30\uce58\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\n\\begin{keybox}\n\ud575\uc2ec \uc9c8\ubb38: \\textbf{\uc774 \uc2e0\ud638\uac00 \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uacbd\ub85c\ub97c \ub530\ub77c \uc804\ub2ec\ub418\ub294\uac00?}\n\\end{keybox}\n\n\\subsection{Functional Diagram}\n\n\\textbf{\uc81c\uc5b4\uc804\ub7b5\uacfc \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\ub294 \ub3c4\uba74}\uc774\ub2e4.\n\n\uc2e4\uc81c \uc124\uce58 \uc704\uce58\ub098 \ubc30\uc120\ubcf4\ub2e4 PID, Cascade, Setpoint,\nAuto\/Manual, Analog\/Discrete Signal\uc758 \uae30\ub2a5 \uad00\uacc4\uc5d0 \ucd08\uc810\uc744 \ub454\ub2e4.\n\n\\begin{keybox}\n\ud575\uc2ec \uc9c8\ubb38: \\textbf{\uc774 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc740 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ub17c\ub9ac\ub85c \uc81c\uc5b4\ud558\ub294\uac00?}\n\\end{keybox}\n\n\\subsection{Instrument Tag}\n\n\\textbf{\uacc4\uae30\uc758 \ub300\uc0c1 \ubcc0\uc218, \uae30\ub2a5, \uc18c\uc18d Loop\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\ub294 \uc2dd\ubcc4\uc790}\uc774\ub2e4.\n\n\\&#91;\n\\boxed{\\text{Tag}=\\text{Variable}+\\text{Function}+\\text{Loop Number}}\n\\]\n\n\uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \\(\\mathrm{FIC42}\\)\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \uc77d\ub294\ub2e4.\n\n\\begin{itemize}\n  \\item F: Flow\n  \\item I: Indicate\n  \\item C: Control\n  \\item 42: Loop Number\n\\end{itemize}\n\n\ub530\ub77c\uc11c\n\\&#91;\n\\mathrm{FT42}\\;\\longrightarrow\\;\\mathrm{FIC42}\\;\\longrightarrow\\;\\mathrm{FV42}\n\\]\n\ub294 \\textbf{\uce21\uc815 \\(\\rightarrow\\) \ud310\ub2e8 \\(\\rightarrow\\) \uc870\uc791}\uc758 \ud750\ub984\uc774\ub2e4.\n\uac19\uc740 \ubc88\ud638 42\ub294 \uac19\uc740 Control Loop\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud568\uc744 \ub73b\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\n\\subsection{Instrument Bubble\uacfc Line Type}\n\nInstrument Bubble\uc740 \\textbf{\uacc4\uae30\uc758 \uc124\uce58 \uc704\uce58}\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b8\ub2e4.\n\n\\begin{itemize}\n  \\item \uc120 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc6d0: Field Mounted\n  \\item \uc120 \uc788\ub294 \uc6d0: Panel \ub610\ub294 Control Room Mounted\n  \\item \uc5ec\ub7ec Bubble\uc744 \uc0ac\uac01\ud615\uc73c\ub85c \ubb36\uc74c: \ud558\ub098\uc758 Physical Instrument\uc5d0 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uae30\ub2a5\n\\end{itemize}\n\nLine Type\uc740 \\textbf{\ubb34\uc5c7\uc774 \uc804\ub2ec\ub418\ub294\uac00}\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b8\ub2e4.\n\uacf5\uc815 \uc720\uccb4, \uc804\uae30 \uc2e0\ud638, \uacf5\uc555 \uc2e0\ud638, \uc720\uc555 \uc2e0\ud638, Data Link \ub4f1\uc744 \uad6c\ubd84\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\n\\begin{keybox}\n\\textbf{Tag = \ubb34\uc5c7\uc744 \ud558\ub294\uac00?}\\qquad\n\\textbf{Bubble = \uc5b4\ub514\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294\uac00?}\\qquad\n\\textbf{Line = \ubb34\uc5c7\uc774 \uc804\ub2ec\ub418\ub294\uac00?}\n\\end{keybox}\n\n\\section{\uc6a9\uc5b4 \uac04 \uad00\uacc4}\n\n\\&#91;\n\\boxed{\\mathrm{PFD}\\;\\longrightarrow\\;\\mathrm{P\\&amp;ID}\\;\\longrightarrow\\;\\text{Loop Diagram}}\n\\]\n\n\uc624\ub978\ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \uac08\uc218\ub85d \\textbf{\ubc94\uc704\ub294 \uc881\uc544\uc9c0\uace0 \uc0c1\uc138\ub3c4\ub294 \ub192\uc544\uc9c4\ub2e4}.\n\n\\begin{center}\n\\begin{tabularx}{\\textwidth}{&gt;{\\bfseries}p{28mm} X X}\n\\toprule\n\ub3c4\uba74 &amp; \ubcf4\ub294 \ub300\uc0c1 &amp; \ud575\uc2ec \uc9c8\ubb38 \\\\\n\\midrule\nPFD &amp; \uacf5\uc815 \uc804\uccb4\uc758 \ud750\ub984 &amp; \uc5b4\ub514\ub85c \ud750\ub974\ub294\uac00? \\\\\nP\\&amp;ID &amp; \uacf5\uc815\uacfc \uacc4\uce21\u00b7\uc81c\uc5b4 \uad00\uacc4 &amp; \ubb34\uc5c7\uc774 \uce21\uc815\u00b7\ud310\ub2e8\u00b7\uc870\uc791\ud558\ub294\uac00? \\\\\nLoop Diagram &amp; \ud55c Loop\uc758 \uc2e4\uc81c \uc5f0\uacb0 &amp; \uc2e0\ud638\uac00 \uc5b4\ub514\ub97c \ud1b5\uacfc\ud558\ub294\uac00? \\\\\nFunctional Diagram &amp; \uc81c\uc5b4\uc804\ub7b5\uacfc \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998 &amp; \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ub17c\ub9ac\ub85c \uc81c\uc5b4\ud558\ub294\uac00? \\\\\n\\bottomrule\n\\end{tabularx}\n\\end{center}\n\nFunctional Diagram\uc740 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \ub354 \uc0c1\uc138\ud55c \ub3c4\uba74\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4.\nPFD--P\\&amp;ID--Loop Diagram\uc774 \uc124\ube44\ub97c \ud655\ub300\ud574 \ubcf4\ub294 \ucd95\uc774\ub77c\uba74,\nFunctional Diagram\uc740 \\textbf{Control Strategy\ub9cc \ub530\ub85c \ubcf4\ub294 \ucd95}\uc774\ub2e4.\n\n\\section{\ubb38\uc81c \ud574\uacb0 \uc2a4\ud1a0\ub9ac}\n\n\\subsection*{\uc0c1\ud669}\n\n\ud0f1\ud06c\uc758 \\(\\mathrm{LT201}\\) \ud604\uc7a5\uac12\uc740 \uc815\uc0c1\uc778\ub370,\n\uc81c\uc5b4\uc2e4\uc758 \\(\\mathrm{LIC201}\\)\uc5d0\ub294 0\\%\uac00 \ud45c\uc2dc\ub41c\ub2e4.\n\n\\subsection*{1\ub2e8\uacc4: PFD\ub85c \uacf5\uc815 \uc804\uccb4\ub97c \ubcf8\ub2e4}\n\n\uc720\uccb4\uc640 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uac00 \uc5b4\ub514\uc5d0\uc11c \uacf5\uae09\ub418\uace0 \uc5b4\ub514\ub85c \ud750\ub974\ub294\uc9c0 \ud655\uc778\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\uacf5\uc815 \uc790\uccb4\uac00 \uc131\ub9bd\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4\uba74 \uc774 \ub2e8\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6d0\uc778\uc744 \ucc3e\ub294\ub2e4.\n\n\\subsection*{2\ub2e8\uacc4: P\\&amp;ID\ub85c \uc81c\uc5b4 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ubcf8\ub2e4}\n\n\\(\\mathrm{LT201}\\), \\(\\mathrm{LIC201}\\), \\(\\mathrm{LV201}\\)\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\uc911\uac04\uc5d0 Converter, Relay \ub610\ub294 \ub2e4\ub978 \uae30\ub2a5\uc774 \uc788\ub294\uc9c0\ub3c4 \ud655\uc778\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\n\\&#91;\n\\mathrm{LT201}\\;\\longrightarrow\\;\\mathrm{LIC201}\\;\\longrightarrow\\;\\mathrm{LV201}\n\\]\n\n\\subsection*{3\ub2e8\uacc4: Loop Diagram\uc73c\ub85c \uc2e0\ud638\ub97c \ucd94\uc801\ud55c\ub2e4}\n\n\ud604\uc7a5\uac12\uc774 \uc815\uc0c1\uc778\ub370 \uc81c\uc5b4\uc2e4 \ud45c\uc2dc\ub9cc \uc774\uc0c1\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \uc774 \ub2e8\uacc4\uac00 \uc6b0\uc120\uc774\ub2e4.\nCable, Wire, Terminal, Junction Box, Power, I\/O Card\uc640 Signal Range\ub97c \ub530\ub77c\uac04\ub2e4.\n\uc774 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2e0\ud638\uac00 \ub04a\uae34 \uc9c0\uc810\uc744 \ucc3e\ub294\ub2e4.\n\nLoop Diagram\uc758 Input\/Output Calibration \uc815\ubcf4\ub294 \uac01 \uad6c\uac04\uc758 \uc815\uc0c1 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\ub294 \uae30\uc900\uc774 \ub41c\ub2e4.\n\n\\&#91;\n\\text{Input}\\;\\longrightarrow\\;\\text{Instrument}\\;\\longrightarrow\\;\\text{Output}\n\\]\n\n\ub610\ud55c \uacc4\uae30\uc758 \ub3d9\uc791 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.\n\n\\&#91;\n\\begin{aligned}\n\\text{Direct Acting: }&amp; Input\\uparrow \\Rightarrow Output\\uparrow \\\\\n\\text{Reverse Acting: }&amp; Input\\uparrow \\Rightarrow Output\\downarrow\n\\end{aligned}\n\\]\n\n\\subsection*{4\ub2e8\uacc4: Functional Diagram\uc73c\ub85c \uc81c\uc5b4 \ub17c\ub9ac\ub97c \ubcf8\ub2e4}\n\n\ubc30\uc120\uacfc \uc2e0\ud638\uac00 \uc815\uc0c1\uc778\ub370 \uc81c\uc5b4\uae30\uc758 \ubc18\uc751\uc774 \uc774\uc0c1\ud558\uba74 \uc81c\uc5b4\uc804\ub7b5\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \ub2e4\uc74c \uad6c\uc870\ub294 Level Controller\uc758 \ucd9c\ub825\uc774\nFlow Controller\uc758 Setpoint\uac00 \ub418\ub294 Cascade Control\uc774\ub2e4.\n\n\\&#91;\n\\mathrm{LT}\\;\\longrightarrow\\;\\mathrm{LIC}\n\\;\\xrightarrow{\\mathrm{SP}}\\;\\mathrm{FIC}\n\\;\\longrightarrow\\;\\mathrm{FCV}\n\\]\n\n\\begin{keybox}\n\ubb38\uc81c \ud574\uacb0\uc758 \uae30\uc900\uc740 \ub3c4\uba74\uc758 \uace0\uc815 \uc21c\uc11c\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \\textbf{\ubb38\uc81c\uc758 \uc885\ub958}\uc774\ub2e4.\n\uacf5\uc815 \uc774\uc0c1\uc740 PFD, \uae30\ub2a5 \uad00\uacc4\ub294 P\\&amp;ID, \uc2e0\ud638 \uacbd\ub85c\ub294 Loop Diagram,\n\uc81c\uc5b4 \ub17c\ub9ac\ub294 Functional Diagram\uc5d0\uc11c \ud655\uc778\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\\end{keybox}\n\n\\section{\ud575\uc2ec \uc554\uae30 \uad6c\uc870}\n\n\\begin{enumerate}\n  \\item \\textbf{PFD}: \uacf5\uc815\uc744 \ubcf8\ub2e4.\n  \\item \\textbf{P\\&amp;ID}: \uacc4\uce21\u00b7\uc81c\uc5b4 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ubcf8\ub2e4.\n  \\item \\textbf{Loop Diagram}: \uc2e4\uc81c \uc5f0\uacb0\uc744 \ubcf8\ub2e4.\n  \\item \\textbf{Functional Diagram}: \uc81c\uc5b4\uc804\ub7b5\uc744 \ubcf8\ub2e4.\n  \\item \\textbf{Tag}: \uacc4\uae30\uc758 \uc5ed\ud560\uacfc Loop\ub97c \uc77d\ub294\ub2e4.\n  \\item \\textbf{Bubble}: \uacc4\uae30\uc758 \uc124\uce58 \uc704\uce58\ub97c \uc77d\ub294\ub2e4.\n  \\item \\textbf{Line Type}: \uc804\ub2ec\ub418\ub294 \ub300\uc0c1\uc744 \uc77d\ub294\ub2e4.\n\\end{enumerate}\n\n\\begin{keybox}\n\\centering\n\\textbf{\uacf5\uc815\uc744 \ubcf4\uace0(PFD), \uc81c\uc5b4\uad6c\uc870\ub97c \ucc3e\uace0(P\\&amp;ID),\\newline\n\ubc30\uc120\uc744 \ub530\ub77c\uac00\uace0(Loop), \uc81c\uc5b4\ub17c\ub9ac\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud55c\ub2e4(Functional).}\n\\end{keybox}\n\n\\end{document}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chapter 7 \u00b7 Study Note Instrumentation Documents \uacc4\uce21 \ubb38\uc11c\ub294 \ud55c \uc7a5\uc5d0 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \ub123\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4. \ubaa9\uc801\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ub3c4\uba74\uc744 \ub098\ub204\uace0, \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uc218\uc900\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud655\ub300\ud558\uc5ec \ubcf8\ub2e4. \uc804\uccb4 \uad6c\uc870 PFD \uacf5\uc815 \uc804\uccb4 P&amp;ID \uacc4\uce21\u00b7\uc81c\uc5b4 \uad00\uacc4 Loop Diagram \uc2e4\uc81c \uc5f0\uacb0 PFD \u2192 P&amp;ID \u2192 Loop Diagram \uc624\ub978\ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \uac08\uc218\ub85d \ubc94\uc704\ub294 \uc881\uc544\uc9c0\uace0 \uc0c1\uc138\ub3c4\ub294 \ub192\uc544\uc9c4\ub2e4. Functional Diagram\uc740 \uc774 \ud750\ub984\uacfc \ubcc4\uac1c\uc758 \uad00\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \uc81c\uc5b4\uc804\ub7b5\uacfc \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc744 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1185],"tags":[2166,1295,2146],"class_list":["post-9443","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-1185","tag-loop-diagrams","tag-pid","tag-pfd-2"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9443","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9443"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9443\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9516,"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9443\/revisions\/9516"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9443"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9443"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9443"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}