Chapter 7. Instrumentation Documents<\/title>\n <style>\n :root {\n --navy: #17344f;\n --blue: #2e6f9f;\n --pale: #edf5fa;\n --orange: #d77b2a;\n --ink: #202c36;\n --muted: #62717e;\n --line: #d8e1e8;\n --paper: #fff;\n --background: #edf1f4;\n }\n\n * { box-sizing: border-box; }\n html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }\n\n body {\n margin: 0;\n padding: 32px 18px 70px;\n color: var(--ink);\n background: var(--background);\n font-family: \"Pretendard\", \"Noto Sans KR\", \"Apple SD Gothic Neo\", \"Malgun Gothic\", sans-serif;\n line-height: 1.72;\n word-break: keep-all;\n }\n\n .frame {\n width: min(980px, 100%);\n margin: 0 auto;\n overflow: hidden;\n border: 1px solid var(--line);\n border-radius: 18px;\n background: var(--paper);\n box-shadow: 0 22px 60px rgba(23, 52, 79, 0.12);\n }\n\n header {\n padding: clamp(34px, 6vw, 64px);\n color: white;\n background: linear-gradient(125deg, #2e6f9f, #17344f 72%);\n }\n\n .kicker {\n margin: 0 0 8px;\n color: #bfe3f7;\n font-size: 0.78rem;\n font-weight: 800;\n letter-spacing: 0.14em;\n text-transform: uppercase;\n }\n\n h1 {\n margin: 0;\n font-family: Georgia, \"Times New Roman\", serif;\n font-size: clamp(2.1rem, 7vw, 4rem);\n line-height: 1.04;\n letter-spacing: -0.035em;\n }\n\n .lead {\n max-width: 670px;\n margin: 22px 0 0;\n color: #e8f2f8;\n font-size: clamp(0.95rem, 2vw, 1.08rem);\n }\n\n .content { padding: clamp(25px, 6vw, 58px); }\n\n section { scroll-margin-top: 22px; }\n section + section {\n margin-top: 52px;\n padding-top: 42px;\n border-top: 1px solid var(--line);\n }\n\n h2 {\n margin: 0 0 24px;\n color: var(--navy);\n font-size: clamp(1.4rem, 3vw, 1.8rem);\n letter-spacing: -0.03em;\n }\n\n h3 {\n margin: 28px 0 8px;\n color: var(--navy);\n font-size: 1.08rem;\n }\n\n p { margin: 8px 0; }\n ul, ol { padding-left: 1.45em; }\n li + li { margin-top: 5px; }\n\n .overview {\n display: grid;\n grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);\n gap: 10px;\n align-items: stretch;\n margin-bottom: 18px;\n }\n\n .overview .item {\n padding: 15px;\n border: 1px solid var(--line);\n border-radius: 10px;\n background: #f8fafb;\n text-align: center;\n }\n\n .overview strong {\n display: block;\n color: var(--navy);\n }\n\n .overview span {\n display: block;\n margin-top: 3px;\n color: var(--muted);\n font-size: 0.86rem;\n }\n\n .relation {\n margin: 18px 0;\n padding: 18px;\n border-left: 4px solid var(--orange);\n border-radius: 5px 10px 10px 5px;\n color: var(--navy);\n background: #fff7ee;\n font-family: Georgia, \"Times New Roman\", serif;\n font-size: clamp(1rem, 2.5vw, 1.24rem);\n font-weight: 700;\n text-align: center;\n }\n\n .definition {\n padding: 22px 0;\n border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);\n }\n\n .definition:first-of-type { padding-top: 0; }\n .definition:last-of-type { border-bottom: 0; }\n .definition h3 { margin-top: 0; }\n\n .question {\n margin-top: 12px;\n color: var(--blue);\n font-weight: 750;\n }\n\n .keybox {\n margin: 20px 0;\n padding: 18px 20px;\n border: 1px solid #bfd6e5;\n border-radius: 10px;\n color: var(--navy);\n background: var(--pale);\n }\n\n .table-wrap { overflow-x: auto; }\n\n table {\n width: 100%;\n min-width: 600px;\n border-collapse: collapse;\n font-size: 0.94rem;\n }\n\n th, td {\n padding: 13px 14px;\n border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);\n text-align: left;\n vertical-align: top;\n }\n\n th { color: white; background: var(--navy); }\n tbody tr:nth-child(even) { background: #f7f9fb; }\n\n .story {\n margin: 26px 0 0 14px;\n padding-left: 34px;\n border-left: 2px solid #b8cedd;\n }\n\n .step {\n position: relative;\n padding: 0 0 34px;\n }\n\n .step:last-child { padding-bottom: 0; }\n\n .step::before {\n content: attr(data-step);\n position: absolute;\n top: 0;\n left: -50px;\n display: grid;\n width: 30px;\n height: 30px;\n place-items: center;\n border: 3px solid white;\n border-radius: 50%;\n color: white;\n background: var(--blue);\n font-size: 0.78rem;\n font-weight: 850;\n box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px #9dbdd2;\n }\n\n .step h3 { margin-top: 0; }\n\n .memory {\n display: grid;\n grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));\n gap: 10px;\n margin: 18px 0;\n padding: 0;\n list-style: none;\n counter-reset: item;\n }\n\n .memory li {\n counter-increment: item;\n margin: 0;\n padding: 14px 16px;\n border: 1px solid var(--line);\n border-radius: 9px;\n background: #fafcfd;\n }\n\n .memory li::before {\n content: counter(item, decimal-leading-zero);\n margin-right: 10px;\n color: var(--orange);\n font-family: Georgia, \"Times New Roman\", serif;\n font-weight: 800;\n }\n\n .closing {\n margin-top: 25px;\n padding: 24px;\n border-radius: 11px;\n color: white;\n background: var(--navy);\n font-weight: 800;\n text-align: center;\n }\n\n @media (max-width: 650px) {\n body { padding: 0; background: white; }\n .frame { border: 0; border-radius: 0; box-shadow: none; }\n .overview, .memory { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }\n .overview { gap: 7px; }\n .story { margin-left: 6px; padding-left: 28px; }\n .step::before { left: -44px; }\n }\n\n @media print {\n body { padding: 0; background: white; }\n .frame { width: 100%; border: 0; box-shadow: none; }\n header { print-color-adjust: exact; -webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; }\n .definition, .keybox, .step, tr { break-inside: avoid; }\n }\n <\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n <main class=\"frame\">\n <header>\n <p class=\"kicker\">Chapter 7 \u00b7 Study Note<\/p>\n <h1>Instrumentation<br>Documents<\/h1>\n <p class=\"lead\">\uacc4\uce21 \ubb38\uc11c\ub294 \ud55c \uc7a5\uc5d0 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \ub123\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4. \ubaa9\uc801\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ub3c4\uba74\uc744 \ub098\ub204\uace0, \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uc218\uc900\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud655\ub300\ud558\uc5ec \ubcf8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <\/header>\n\n <div class=\"content\">\n <section aria-labelledby=\"overview-title\">\n <h2 id=\"overview-title\">\uc804\uccb4 \uad6c\uc870<\/h2>\n <div class=\"overview\">\n <div class=\"item\"><strong>PFD<\/strong><span>\uacf5\uc815 \uc804\uccb4<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"item\"><strong>P&ID<\/strong><span>\uacc4\uce21\u00b7\uc81c\uc5b4 \uad00\uacc4<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"item\"><strong>Loop Diagram<\/strong><span>\uc2e4\uc81c \uc5f0\uacb0<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"relation\">PFD \u2192 P&ID \u2192 Loop Diagram<\/div>\n <p>\uc624\ub978\ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \uac08\uc218\ub85d <strong>\ubc94\uc704\ub294 \uc881\uc544\uc9c0\uace0 \uc0c1\uc138\ub3c4\ub294 \ub192\uc544\uc9c4\ub2e4.<\/strong> Functional Diagram\uc740 \ubcc4\ub3c4\uc758 \uad00\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \uc81c\uc5b4\uc804\ub7b5\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc900\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <\/section>\n\n <section aria-labelledby=\"terms-title\">\n <h2 id=\"terms-title\">1. \uc6a9\uc5b4 \uc815\uc758<\/h2>\n\n <article class=\"definition\">\n <h3>PFD \u00b7 Process Flow Diagram<\/h3>\n <p><strong>\uacf5\uc815\uc758 \ud070 \ud750\ub984\uc744 \ubcf4\ub294 \ub3c4\uba74<\/strong>\uc774\ub2e4. \uc8fc\uc694 Vessel, Pipe, Equipment\uc640 \uc720\uccb4 \ubc0f \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uc758 \ud750\ub984\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <p class=\"question\">\ud575\uc2ec \uc9c8\ubb38: \uacf5\uc815\uc774 \uc5b4\ub514\uc11c \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uc5ec \uc5b4\ub514\ub85c \ud750\ub974\ub294\uac00?<\/p>\n <\/article>\n\n <article class=\"definition\">\n <h3>P&ID \u00b7 Process and Instrument Diagram<\/h3>\n <p><strong>\uacf5\uc815\uacfc \uacc4\uce21\u00b7\uc81c\uc5b4 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ud568\uaed8 \ubcf4\ub294 \ub3c4\uba74<\/strong>\uc774\ub2e4. Instrument, Controller, Final Control Element, Signal Connection, Loop Number\uc640 \uc124\uce58 \uc704\uce58\ub97c \ud45c\uc2dc\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <p class=\"question\">\ud575\uc2ec \uc9c8\ubb38: \ubb34\uc5c7\uc744 \uce21\uc815\ud558\uace0, \ub204\uac00 \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\uace0, \ubb34\uc5c7\uc744 \uc870\uc791\ud558\ub294\uac00?<\/p>\n <\/article>\n\n <article class=\"definition\">\n <h3>Loop Diagram<\/h3>\n <p><strong>\ud55c \uac1c\uc758 Control Loop\ub97c \uc2e4\uc81c \uc5f0\uacb0 \uc218\uc900\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b8 \ub3c4\uba74<\/strong>\uc774\ub2e4. Wiring, Cable, Terminal, Junction Box, Panel, Grounding, Signal Range\uc640 Calibration \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <p class=\"question\">\ud575\uc2ec \uc9c8\ubb38: \uc2e0\ud638\uac00 \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uacbd\ub85c\ub97c \ub530\ub77c \uc804\ub2ec\ub418\ub294\uac00?<\/p>\n <\/article>\n\n <article class=\"definition\">\n <h3>Functional Diagram<\/h3>\n <p><strong>\uc81c\uc5b4\uc804\ub7b5\uacfc \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\ub294 \ub3c4\uba74<\/strong>\uc774\ub2e4. \uc124\uce58 \uc704\uce58\ub098 \ubc30\uc120\ubcf4\ub2e4 PID, Cascade, Setpoint, Auto\/Manual\uacfc \uc2e0\ud638\uc758 \uae30\ub2a5 \uad00\uacc4\uc5d0 \ucd08\uc810\uc744 \ub454\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <p class=\"question\">\ud575\uc2ec \uc9c8\ubb38: \uc774 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc740 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ub17c\ub9ac\ub85c \uc81c\uc5b4\ud558\ub294\uac00?<\/p>\n <\/article>\n\n <h3>Instrument Tag<\/h3>\n <p>\uacc4\uae30\uc758 \ub300\uc0c1 \ubcc0\uc218, \uae30\ub2a5, \uc18c\uc18d Loop\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <div class=\"relation\">Tag = Variable + Function + Loop Number<\/div>\n <div class=\"relation\">FT42 \u2192 FIC42 \u2192 FV42<br>\uce21\uc815 \u2192 \ud310\ub2e8 \u2192 \uc870\uc791<\/div>\n <p>\uac19\uc740 \ubc88\ud638 42\ub294 \uac19\uc740 Control Loop\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud568\uc744 \ub73b\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n <h3>Instrument Bubble\uacfc Line Type<\/h3>\n <ul>\n <li><strong>\uc120 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc6d0:<\/strong> Field Mounted<\/li>\n <li><strong>\uc120 \uc788\ub294 \uc6d0:<\/strong> Panel \ub610\ub294 Control Room Mounted<\/li>\n <li><strong>\uc0ac\uac01\ud615\uc73c\ub85c \ubb36\uc778 Bubble:<\/strong> \ud558\ub098\uc758 Physical Instrument\uc5d0 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uae30\ub2a5<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <p>Line Type\uc740 \uacf5\uc815 \uc720\uccb4, \uc804\uae30 \uc2e0\ud638, \uacf5\uc555 \uc2e0\ud638, \uc720\uc555 \uc2e0\ud638, Data Link \ub4f1 <strong>\ubb34\uc5c7\uc774 \uc804\ub2ec\ub418\ub294\uac00<\/strong>\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <div class=\"keybox\"><strong>Tag<\/strong> = \ubb34\uc5c7\uc744 \ud558\ub294\uac00?\u3000 <strong>Bubble<\/strong> = \uc5b4\ub514\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294\uac00?\u3000 <strong>Line<\/strong> = \ubb34\uc5c7\uc774 \uc804\ub2ec\ub418\ub294\uac00?<\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <section aria-labelledby=\"relations-title\">\n <h2 id=\"relations-title\">2. \uc6a9\uc5b4 \uac04 \uad00\uacc4<\/h2>\n <div class=\"table-wrap\">\n <table>\n <thead><tr><th>\ub3c4\uba74<\/th><th>\ubcf4\ub294 \ub300\uc0c1<\/th><th>\ud575\uc2ec \uc9c8\ubb38<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr><td><strong>PFD<\/strong><\/td><td>\uacf5\uc815 \uc804\uccb4\uc758 \ud750\ub984<\/td><td>\uc5b4\ub514\ub85c \ud750\ub974\ub294\uac00?<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td><strong>P&ID<\/strong><\/td><td>\uacf5\uc815\uacfc \uacc4\uce21\u00b7\uc81c\uc5b4 \uad00\uacc4<\/td><td>\ubb34\uc5c7\uc774 \uce21\uc815\u00b7\ud310\ub2e8\u00b7\uc870\uc791\ud558\ub294\uac00?<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td><strong>Loop Diagram<\/strong><\/td><td>\ud55c Loop\uc758 \uc2e4\uc81c \uc5f0\uacb0<\/td><td>\uc2e0\ud638\uac00 \uc5b4\ub514\ub97c \ud1b5\uacfc\ud558\ub294\uac00?<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td><strong>Functional Diagram<\/strong><\/td><td>\uc81c\uc5b4\uc804\ub7b5\uacfc \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998<\/td><td>\uc5b4\ub5a4 \ub17c\ub9ac\ub85c \uc81c\uc5b4\ud558\ub294\uac00?<\/td><\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"keybox\">Functional Diagram\uc740 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \ub354 \uc0c1\uc138\ud55c \ub3c4\uba74\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. PFD\u2013P&ID\u2013Loop Diagram\uc774 \uc124\ube44\ub97c \ud655\ub300\ud574 \ubcf4\ub294 \ucd95\uc774\ub77c\uba74, Functional Diagram\uc740 <strong>Control Strategy\ub9cc \ub530\ub85c \ubcf4\ub294 \ucd95<\/strong>\uc774\ub2e4.<\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <section aria-labelledby=\"story-title\">\n <h2 id=\"story-title\">3. \ubb38\uc81c \ud574\uacb0 \uc2a4\ud1a0\ub9ac<\/h2>\n <div class=\"keybox\"><strong>\uc0c1\ud669:<\/strong> \ud0f1\ud06c\uc758 LT201 \ud604\uc7a5\uac12\uc740 \uc815\uc0c1\uc778\ub370, \uc81c\uc5b4\uc2e4\uc758 LIC201\uc5d0\ub294 0%\uac00 \ud45c\uc2dc\ub41c\ub2e4.<\/div>\n\n <div class=\"story\">\n <article class=\"step\" data-step=\"1\">\n <h3>PFD\ub85c \uacf5\uc815 \uc804\uccb4\ub97c \ubcf8\ub2e4<\/h3>\n <p>\uc720\uccb4\uc640 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uac00 \uc5b4\ub514\uc5d0\uc11c \uacf5\uae09\ub418\uace0 \uc5b4\ub514\ub85c \ud750\ub974\ub294\uc9c0 \ud655\uc778\ud55c\ub2e4. \uacf5\uc815 \uc790\uccb4\uac00 \uc131\ub9bd\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4\uba74 \uc774 \ub2e8\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6d0\uc778\uc744 \ucc3e\ub294\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <\/article>\n\n <article class=\"step\" data-step=\"2\">\n <h3>P&ID\ub85c \uc81c\uc5b4 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ubcf8\ub2e4<\/h3>\n <p>LT201, LIC201, LV201\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc911\uac04\uc5d0 Converter, Relay \ub610\ub294 \ub2e4\ub978 \uae30\ub2a5\uc774 \uc788\ub294\uc9c0\ub3c4 \ud655\uc778\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <div class=\"relation\">LT201 \u2192 LIC201 \u2192 LV201<\/div>\n <\/article>\n\n <article class=\"step\" data-step=\"3\">\n <h3>Loop Diagram\uc73c\ub85c \uc2e0\ud638\ub97c \ucd94\uc801\ud55c\ub2e4<\/h3>\n <p>\ud604\uc7a5\uac12\uc774 \uc815\uc0c1\uc778\ub370 \uc81c\uc5b4\uc2e4 \ud45c\uc2dc\ub9cc \uc774\uc0c1\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \uc774 \ub2e8\uacc4\uac00 \uc6b0\uc120\uc774\ub2e4. Cable, Wire, Terminal, Junction Box, Power, I\/O Card\uc640 Signal Range\ub97c \ub530\ub77c\uac00\uba70 \uc2e0\ud638\uac00 \ub04a\uae34 \uc9c0\uc810\uc744 \ucc3e\ub294\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <div class=\"relation\">Input \u2192 Instrument \u2192 Output<\/div>\n <p><strong>Direct Acting:<\/strong> Input \u2191 \u2192 Output \u2191<br><strong>Reverse Acting:<\/strong> Input \u2191 \u2192 Output \u2193<\/p>\n <\/article>\n\n <article class=\"step\" data-step=\"4\">\n <h3>Functional Diagram\uc73c\ub85c \uc81c\uc5b4 \ub17c\ub9ac\ub97c \ubcf8\ub2e4<\/h3>\n <p>\ubc30\uc120\uacfc \uc2e0\ud638\uac00 \uc815\uc0c1\uc778\ub370 \uc81c\uc5b4\uae30\uc758 \ubc18\uc751\uc774 \uc774\uc0c1\ud558\uba74 PID, Setpoint\uc640 Cascade Control\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <div class=\"relation\">LT \u2192 LIC \u2500 SP \u2192 FIC \u2192 FCV<\/div>\n <\/article>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"keybox\">\ubb38\uc81c \ud574\uacb0\uc758 \uae30\uc900\uc740 \ub3c4\uba74\uc758 \uace0\uc815 \uc21c\uc11c\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c <strong>\ubb38\uc81c\uc758 \uc885\ub958<\/strong>\uc774\ub2e4. \uacf5\uc815 \uc774\uc0c1\uc740 PFD, \uae30\ub2a5 \uad00\uacc4\ub294 P&ID, \uc2e0\ud638 \uacbd\ub85c\ub294 Loop Diagram, \uc81c\uc5b4 \ub17c\ub9ac\ub294 Functional Diagram\uc5d0\uc11c \ud655\uc778\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <section aria-labelledby=\"memory-title\">\n <h2 id=\"memory-title\">4. \ud575\uc2ec \uc554\uae30 \uad6c\uc870<\/h2>\n <ol class=\"memory\">\n <li><strong>PFD:<\/strong> \uacf5\uc815\uc744 \ubcf8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <li><strong>P&ID:<\/strong> \uacc4\uce21\u00b7\uc81c\uc5b4 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ubcf8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <li><strong>Loop Diagram:<\/strong> \uc2e4\uc81c \uc5f0\uacb0\uc744 \ubcf8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <li><strong>Functional Diagram:<\/strong> \uc81c\uc5b4\uc804\ub7b5\uc744 \ubcf8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <li><strong>Tag:<\/strong> \uacc4\uae30\uc758 \uc5ed\ud560\uacfc Loop\ub97c \uc77d\ub294\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <li><strong>Bubble:<\/strong> \uacc4\uae30\uc758 \uc124\uce58 \uc704\uce58\ub97c \uc77d\ub294\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <li><strong>Line Type:<\/strong> \uc804\ub2ec\ub418\ub294 \ub300\uc0c1\uc744 \uc77d\ub294\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <\/ol>\n <div class=\"closing\">\uacf5\uc815\uc744 \ubcf4\uace0(PFD), \uc81c\uc5b4\uad6c\uc870\ub97c \ucc3e\uace0(P&ID),<br>\ubc30\uc120\uc744 \ub530\ub77c\uac00\uace0(Loop), \uc81c\uc5b4\ub17c\ub9ac\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud55c\ub2e4(Functional).<\/div>\n <\/section>\n <\/div>\n <\/main>\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Lessons_In_Industrial_Instrumentation.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px\" aria-label=\"Lessons_In_Industrial_Instrumentation\uc758 \uc0bd\uc785.\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-ed8ef152-587e-44ef-b43b-6fc4e6a310d3\" href=\"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Lessons_In_Industrial_Instrumentation.pdf\">Lessons_In_Industrial_Instrumentation<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Lessons_In_Industrial_Instrumentation.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-ed8ef152-587e-44ef-b43b-6fc4e6a310d3\">\ub2e4\uc6b4\ub85c\ub4dc<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>% Overleaf compiler: XeLaTeX\n\\documentclass[11pt,a4paper]{article}\n\n\\usepackage{kotex}\n\\usepackage[margin=22mm]{geometry}\n\\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb}\n\\usepackage{array,booktabs,tabularx}\n\\usepackage{xcolor}\n\\usepackage{enumitem}\n\\usepackage[most]{tcolorbox}\n\\usepackage{hyperref}\n\n\\definecolor{mainblue}{HTML}{244A73}\n\\definecolor{lightblue}{HTML}{EEF4FA}\n\\definecolor{linegray}{HTML}{D7DEE7}\n\n\\hypersetup{colorlinks=true,linkcolor=mainblue,urlcolor=mainblue}\n\\setlength{\\parindent}{0pt}\n\\setlength{\\parskip}{0.45em}\n\\setlist[itemize]{leftmargin=1.6em,itemsep=0.15em,topsep=0.25em}\n\\setlist[enumerate]{leftmargin=1.8em,itemsep=0.25em,topsep=0.25em}\n\\renewcommand{\\arraystretch}{1.25}\n\n\\newtcolorbox{keybox}[1][]{\n colback=lightblue,\n colframe=mainblue,\n boxrule=0.7pt,\n arc=2mm,\n left=3mm,right=3mm,top=2mm,bottom=2mm,\n #1\n}\n\n\\title{\\textbf{Chapter 7. Instrumentation Documents}}\n\\author{}\n\\date{}\n\n\\begin{document}\n\\maketitle\n\\vspace{-2.5em}\n\n\\begin{keybox}\n\uacc4\uce21 \ubb38\uc11c\ub294 \ud55c \uc7a5\uc5d0 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \ub123\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4. \ubaa9\uc801\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ub3c4\uba74\uc744 \ub098\ub204\uace0,\n\ud544\uc694\ud55c \uc218\uc900\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud655\ub300\ud558\uc5ec \ubcf8\ub2e4.\n\\end{keybox}\n\n\\section{\uc6a9\uc5b4 \uc815\uc758}\n\n\\subsection{PFD: Process Flow Diagram}\n\n\\textbf{\uacf5\uc815\uc758 \ud070 \ud750\ub984\uc744 \ubcf4\ub294 \ub3c4\uba74}\uc774\ub2e4.\n\n\uc8fc\uc694 Vessel, Pipe, Equipment\uc640 \uc720\uccb4 \ubc0f \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uc758 \ud750\ub984\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b8\ub2e4.\n\uacc4\uce21\u00b7\uc81c\uc5b4\uc758 \uc0c1\uc138 \uc5f0\uacb0\uc740 \uac70\uc758 \ud45c\ud604\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4.\n\n\\begin{keybox}\n\ud575\uc2ec \uc9c8\ubb38: \\textbf{\uacf5\uc815\uc774 \uc5b4\ub514\uc11c \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uc5ec \uc5b4\ub514\ub85c \ud750\ub974\ub294\uac00?}\n\\end{keybox}\n\n\\subsection{P\\&ID: Process and Instrument Diagram}\n\n\\textbf{\uacf5\uc815\uacfc \uacc4\uce21\u00b7\uc81c\uc5b4 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ud568\uaed8 \ubcf4\ub294 \ub3c4\uba74}\uc774\ub2e4.\n\nPFD\uc758 \uacf5\uc815 \uc815\ubcf4\uc5d0 Instrument, Controller, Final Control Element,\nSignal Connection, Loop Number\uc640 \uc124\uce58 \uc704\uce58\ub97c \ucd94\uac00\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\n\\begin{keybox}\n\ud575\uc2ec \uc9c8\ubb38: \\textbf{\ubb34\uc5c7\uc744 \uce21\uc815\ud558\uace0, \ub204\uac00 \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\uace0, \ubb34\uc5c7\uc744 \uc870\uc791\ud558\ub294\uac00?}\n\\end{keybox}\n\n\\subsection{Loop Diagram}\n\n\\textbf{\ud55c \uac1c\uc758 Control Loop\ub97c \uc2e4\uc81c \uc5f0\uacb0 \uc218\uc900\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b8 \ub3c4\uba74}\uc774\ub2e4.\n\nWiring, Cable, Terminal, Junction Box, Panel, Grounding,\nSignal Range\uc640 Calibration \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.\n\uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc67c\ucabd\uc5d0\ub294 Field Instrument, \uc624\ub978\ucabd\uc5d0\ub294 Control Panel\uc744 \ubc30\uce58\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\n\\begin{keybox}\n\ud575\uc2ec \uc9c8\ubb38: \\textbf{\uc774 \uc2e0\ud638\uac00 \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uacbd\ub85c\ub97c \ub530\ub77c \uc804\ub2ec\ub418\ub294\uac00?}\n\\end{keybox}\n\n\\subsection{Functional Diagram}\n\n\\textbf{\uc81c\uc5b4\uc804\ub7b5\uacfc \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\ub294 \ub3c4\uba74}\uc774\ub2e4.\n\n\uc2e4\uc81c \uc124\uce58 \uc704\uce58\ub098 \ubc30\uc120\ubcf4\ub2e4 PID, Cascade, Setpoint,\nAuto\/Manual, Analog\/Discrete Signal\uc758 \uae30\ub2a5 \uad00\uacc4\uc5d0 \ucd08\uc810\uc744 \ub454\ub2e4.\n\n\\begin{keybox}\n\ud575\uc2ec \uc9c8\ubb38: \\textbf{\uc774 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc740 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ub17c\ub9ac\ub85c \uc81c\uc5b4\ud558\ub294\uac00?}\n\\end{keybox}\n\n\\subsection{Instrument Tag}\n\n\\textbf{\uacc4\uae30\uc758 \ub300\uc0c1 \ubcc0\uc218, \uae30\ub2a5, \uc18c\uc18d Loop\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\ub294 \uc2dd\ubcc4\uc790}\uc774\ub2e4.\n\n\\[\n\\boxed{\\text{Tag}=\\text{Variable}+\\text{Function}+\\text{Loop Number}}\n\\]\n\n\uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \\(\\mathrm{FIC42}\\)\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \uc77d\ub294\ub2e4.\n\n\\begin{itemize}\n \\item F: Flow\n \\item I: Indicate\n \\item C: Control\n \\item 42: Loop Number\n\\end{itemize}\n\n\ub530\ub77c\uc11c\n\\[\n\\mathrm{FT42}\\;\\longrightarrow\\;\\mathrm{FIC42}\\;\\longrightarrow\\;\\mathrm{FV42}\n\\]\n\ub294 \\textbf{\uce21\uc815 \\(\\rightarrow\\) \ud310\ub2e8 \\(\\rightarrow\\) \uc870\uc791}\uc758 \ud750\ub984\uc774\ub2e4.\n\uac19\uc740 \ubc88\ud638 42\ub294 \uac19\uc740 Control Loop\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud568\uc744 \ub73b\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\n\\subsection{Instrument Bubble\uacfc Line Type}\n\nInstrument Bubble\uc740 \\textbf{\uacc4\uae30\uc758 \uc124\uce58 \uc704\uce58}\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b8\ub2e4.\n\n\\begin{itemize}\n \\item \uc120 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc6d0: Field Mounted\n \\item \uc120 \uc788\ub294 \uc6d0: Panel \ub610\ub294 Control Room Mounted\n \\item \uc5ec\ub7ec Bubble\uc744 \uc0ac\uac01\ud615\uc73c\ub85c \ubb36\uc74c: \ud558\ub098\uc758 Physical Instrument\uc5d0 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uae30\ub2a5\n\\end{itemize}\n\nLine Type\uc740 \\textbf{\ubb34\uc5c7\uc774 \uc804\ub2ec\ub418\ub294\uac00}\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b8\ub2e4.\n\uacf5\uc815 \uc720\uccb4, \uc804\uae30 \uc2e0\ud638, \uacf5\uc555 \uc2e0\ud638, \uc720\uc555 \uc2e0\ud638, Data Link \ub4f1\uc744 \uad6c\ubd84\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\n\\begin{keybox}\n\\textbf{Tag = \ubb34\uc5c7\uc744 \ud558\ub294\uac00?}\\qquad\n\\textbf{Bubble = \uc5b4\ub514\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294\uac00?}\\qquad\n\\textbf{Line = \ubb34\uc5c7\uc774 \uc804\ub2ec\ub418\ub294\uac00?}\n\\end{keybox}\n\n\\section{\uc6a9\uc5b4 \uac04 \uad00\uacc4}\n\n\\[\n\\boxed{\\mathrm{PFD}\\;\\longrightarrow\\;\\mathrm{P\\&ID}\\;\\longrightarrow\\;\\text{Loop Diagram}}\n\\]\n\n\uc624\ub978\ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \uac08\uc218\ub85d \\textbf{\ubc94\uc704\ub294 \uc881\uc544\uc9c0\uace0 \uc0c1\uc138\ub3c4\ub294 \ub192\uc544\uc9c4\ub2e4}.\n\n\\begin{center}\n\\begin{tabularx}{\\textwidth}{>{\\bfseries}p{28mm} X X}\n\\toprule\n\ub3c4\uba74 & \ubcf4\ub294 \ub300\uc0c1 & \ud575\uc2ec \uc9c8\ubb38 \\\\\n\\midrule\nPFD & \uacf5\uc815 \uc804\uccb4\uc758 \ud750\ub984 & \uc5b4\ub514\ub85c \ud750\ub974\ub294\uac00? \\\\\nP\\&ID & \uacf5\uc815\uacfc \uacc4\uce21\u00b7\uc81c\uc5b4 \uad00\uacc4 & \ubb34\uc5c7\uc774 \uce21\uc815\u00b7\ud310\ub2e8\u00b7\uc870\uc791\ud558\ub294\uac00? \\\\\nLoop Diagram & \ud55c Loop\uc758 \uc2e4\uc81c \uc5f0\uacb0 & \uc2e0\ud638\uac00 \uc5b4\ub514\ub97c \ud1b5\uacfc\ud558\ub294\uac00? \\\\\nFunctional Diagram & \uc81c\uc5b4\uc804\ub7b5\uacfc \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998 & \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ub17c\ub9ac\ub85c \uc81c\uc5b4\ud558\ub294\uac00? \\\\\n\\bottomrule\n\\end{tabularx}\n\\end{center}\n\nFunctional Diagram\uc740 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \ub354 \uc0c1\uc138\ud55c \ub3c4\uba74\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4.\nPFD--P\\&ID--Loop Diagram\uc774 \uc124\ube44\ub97c \ud655\ub300\ud574 \ubcf4\ub294 \ucd95\uc774\ub77c\uba74,\nFunctional Diagram\uc740 \\textbf{Control Strategy\ub9cc \ub530\ub85c \ubcf4\ub294 \ucd95}\uc774\ub2e4.\n\n\\section{\ubb38\uc81c \ud574\uacb0 \uc2a4\ud1a0\ub9ac}\n\n\\subsection*{\uc0c1\ud669}\n\n\ud0f1\ud06c\uc758 \\(\\mathrm{LT201}\\) \ud604\uc7a5\uac12\uc740 \uc815\uc0c1\uc778\ub370,\n\uc81c\uc5b4\uc2e4\uc758 \\(\\mathrm{LIC201}\\)\uc5d0\ub294 0\\%\uac00 \ud45c\uc2dc\ub41c\ub2e4.\n\n\\subsection*{1\ub2e8\uacc4: PFD\ub85c \uacf5\uc815 \uc804\uccb4\ub97c \ubcf8\ub2e4}\n\n\uc720\uccb4\uc640 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uac00 \uc5b4\ub514\uc5d0\uc11c \uacf5\uae09\ub418\uace0 \uc5b4\ub514\ub85c \ud750\ub974\ub294\uc9c0 \ud655\uc778\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\uacf5\uc815 \uc790\uccb4\uac00 \uc131\ub9bd\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4\uba74 \uc774 \ub2e8\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6d0\uc778\uc744 \ucc3e\ub294\ub2e4.\n\n\\subsection*{2\ub2e8\uacc4: P\\&ID\ub85c \uc81c\uc5b4 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ubcf8\ub2e4}\n\n\\(\\mathrm{LT201}\\), \\(\\mathrm{LIC201}\\), \\(\\mathrm{LV201}\\)\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\uc911\uac04\uc5d0 Converter, Relay \ub610\ub294 \ub2e4\ub978 \uae30\ub2a5\uc774 \uc788\ub294\uc9c0\ub3c4 \ud655\uc778\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\n\\[\n\\mathrm{LT201}\\;\\longrightarrow\\;\\mathrm{LIC201}\\;\\longrightarrow\\;\\mathrm{LV201}\n\\]\n\n\\subsection*{3\ub2e8\uacc4: Loop Diagram\uc73c\ub85c \uc2e0\ud638\ub97c \ucd94\uc801\ud55c\ub2e4}\n\n\ud604\uc7a5\uac12\uc774 \uc815\uc0c1\uc778\ub370 \uc81c\uc5b4\uc2e4 \ud45c\uc2dc\ub9cc \uc774\uc0c1\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \uc774 \ub2e8\uacc4\uac00 \uc6b0\uc120\uc774\ub2e4.\nCable, Wire, Terminal, Junction Box, Power, I\/O Card\uc640 Signal Range\ub97c \ub530\ub77c\uac04\ub2e4.\n\uc774 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2e0\ud638\uac00 \ub04a\uae34 \uc9c0\uc810\uc744 \ucc3e\ub294\ub2e4.\n\nLoop Diagram\uc758 Input\/Output Calibration \uc815\ubcf4\ub294 \uac01 \uad6c\uac04\uc758 \uc815\uc0c1 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\ub294 \uae30\uc900\uc774 \ub41c\ub2e4.\n\n\\[\n\\text{Input}\\;\\longrightarrow\\;\\text{Instrument}\\;\\longrightarrow\\;\\text{Output}\n\\]\n\n\ub610\ud55c \uacc4\uae30\uc758 \ub3d9\uc791 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.\n\n\\[\n\\begin{aligned}\n\\text{Direct Acting: }& Input\\uparrow \\Rightarrow Output\\uparrow \\\\\n\\text{Reverse Acting: }& Input\\uparrow \\Rightarrow Output\\downarrow\n\\end{aligned}\n\\]\n\n\\subsection*{4\ub2e8\uacc4: Functional Diagram\uc73c\ub85c \uc81c\uc5b4 \ub17c\ub9ac\ub97c \ubcf8\ub2e4}\n\n\ubc30\uc120\uacfc \uc2e0\ud638\uac00 \uc815\uc0c1\uc778\ub370 \uc81c\uc5b4\uae30\uc758 \ubc18\uc751\uc774 \uc774\uc0c1\ud558\uba74 \uc81c\uc5b4\uc804\ub7b5\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \ub2e4\uc74c \uad6c\uc870\ub294 Level Controller\uc758 \ucd9c\ub825\uc774\nFlow Controller\uc758 Setpoint\uac00 \ub418\ub294 Cascade Control\uc774\ub2e4.\n\n\\[\n\\mathrm{LT}\\;\\longrightarrow\\;\\mathrm{LIC}\n\\;\\xrightarrow{\\mathrm{SP}}\\;\\mathrm{FIC}\n\\;\\longrightarrow\\;\\mathrm{FCV}\n\\]\n\n\\begin{keybox}\n\ubb38\uc81c \ud574\uacb0\uc758 \uae30\uc900\uc740 \ub3c4\uba74\uc758 \uace0\uc815 \uc21c\uc11c\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \\textbf{\ubb38\uc81c\uc758 \uc885\ub958}\uc774\ub2e4.\n\uacf5\uc815 \uc774\uc0c1\uc740 PFD, \uae30\ub2a5 \uad00\uacc4\ub294 P\\&ID, \uc2e0\ud638 \uacbd\ub85c\ub294 Loop Diagram,\n\uc81c\uc5b4 \ub17c\ub9ac\ub294 Functional Diagram\uc5d0\uc11c \ud655\uc778\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\\end{keybox}\n\n\\section{\ud575\uc2ec \uc554\uae30 \uad6c\uc870}\n\n\\begin{enumerate}\n \\item \\textbf{PFD}: \uacf5\uc815\uc744 \ubcf8\ub2e4.\n \\item \\textbf{P\\&ID}: \uacc4\uce21\u00b7\uc81c\uc5b4 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ubcf8\ub2e4.\n \\item \\textbf{Loop Diagram}: \uc2e4\uc81c \uc5f0\uacb0\uc744 \ubcf8\ub2e4.\n \\item \\textbf{Functional Diagram}: \uc81c\uc5b4\uc804\ub7b5\uc744 \ubcf8\ub2e4.\n \\item \\textbf{Tag}: \uacc4\uae30\uc758 \uc5ed\ud560\uacfc Loop\ub97c \uc77d\ub294\ub2e4.\n \\item \\textbf{Bubble}: \uacc4\uae30\uc758 \uc124\uce58 \uc704\uce58\ub97c \uc77d\ub294\ub2e4.\n \\item \\textbf{Line Type}: \uc804\ub2ec\ub418\ub294 \ub300\uc0c1\uc744 \uc77d\ub294\ub2e4.\n\\end{enumerate}\n\n\\begin{keybox}\n\\centering\n\\textbf{\uacf5\uc815\uc744 \ubcf4\uace0(PFD), \uc81c\uc5b4\uad6c\uc870\ub97c \ucc3e\uace0(P\\&ID),\\newline\n\ubc30\uc120\uc744 \ub530\ub77c\uac00\uace0(Loop), \uc81c\uc5b4\ub17c\ub9ac\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud55c\ub2e4(Functional).}\n\\end{keybox}\n\n\\end{document}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chapter 7. Instrumentation Documents Chapter 7 \u00b7 Study Note InstrumentationDocuments \uacc4\uce21 \ubb38\uc11c\ub294 \ud55c \uc7a5\uc5d0 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \ub123\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4. \ubaa9\uc801\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1185],"tags":[2166,1295,2146],"class_list":["post-9443","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-1185","tag-loop-diagrams","tag-pid","tag-pfd-2"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9443","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9443"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9443\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9445,"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9443\/revisions\/9445"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9443"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9443"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9443"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}

{"id":9443,"date":"2026-09-02T21:58:06","date_gmt":"2026-09-02T12:58:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/?p=9443"},"modified":"2026-09-02T21:58:08","modified_gmt":"2026-09-02T12:58:08","slug":"lessons-in-industrial-instrumentation-chapter-7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/lessons-in-industrial-instrumentation-chapter-7\/","title":{"rendered":"Lessons In Industrial Instrumentation, Chapter 7"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n \n \n \n Chapter 7. Instrumentation Documents<\/title>\n <style>\n :root {\n --navy: #17344f;\n --blue: #2e6f9f;\n --pale: #edf5fa;\n --orange: #d77b2a;\n --ink: #202c36;\n --muted: #62717e;\n --line: #d8e1e8;\n --paper: #fff;\n --background: #edf1f4;\n }\n\n * { box-sizing: border-box; }\n html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }\n\n body {\n margin: 0;\n padding: 32px 18px 70px;\n color: var(--ink);\n background: var(--background);\n font-family: \"Pretendard\", \"Noto Sans KR\", \"Apple SD Gothic Neo\", \"Malgun Gothic\", sans-serif;\n line-height: 1.72;\n word-break: keep-all;\n }\n\n .frame {\n width: min(980px, 100%);\n margin: 0 auto;\n overflow: hidden;\n border: 1px solid var(--line);\n border-radius: 18px;\n background: var(--paper);\n box-shadow: 0 22px 60px rgba(23, 52, 79, 0.12);\n }\n\n header {\n padding: clamp(34px, 6vw, 64px);\n color: white;\n background: linear-gradient(125deg, #2e6f9f, #17344f 72%);\n }\n\n .kicker {\n margin: 0 0 8px;\n color: #bfe3f7;\n font-size: 0.78rem;\n font-weight: 800;\n letter-spacing: 0.14em;\n text-transform: uppercase;\n }\n\n h1 {\n margin: 0;\n font-family: Georgia, \"Times New Roman\", serif;\n font-size: clamp(2.1rem, 7vw, 4rem);\n line-height: 1.04;\n letter-spacing: -0.035em;\n }\n\n .lead {\n max-width: 670px;\n margin: 22px 0 0;\n color: #e8f2f8;\n font-size: clamp(0.95rem, 2vw, 1.08rem);\n }\n\n .content { padding: clamp(25px, 6vw, 58px); }\n\n section { scroll-margin-top: 22px; }\n section + section {\n margin-top: 52px;\n padding-top: 42px;\n border-top: 1px solid var(--line);\n }\n\n h2 {\n margin: 0 0 24px;\n color: var(--navy);\n font-size: clamp(1.4rem, 3vw, 1.8rem);\n letter-spacing: -0.03em;\n }\n\n h3 {\n margin: 28px 0 8px;\n color: var(--navy);\n font-size: 1.08rem;\n }\n\n p { margin: 8px 0; }\n ul, ol { padding-left: 1.45em; }\n li + li { margin-top: 5px; }\n\n .overview {\n display: grid;\n grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);\n gap: 10px;\n align-items: stretch;\n margin-bottom: 18px;\n }\n\n .overview .item {\n padding: 15px;\n border: 1px solid var(--line);\n border-radius: 10px;\n background: #f8fafb;\n text-align: center;\n }\n\n .overview strong {\n display: block;\n color: var(--navy);\n }\n\n .overview span {\n display: block;\n margin-top: 3px;\n color: var(--muted);\n font-size: 0.86rem;\n }\n\n .relation {\n margin: 18px 0;\n padding: 18px;\n border-left: 4px solid var(--orange);\n border-radius: 5px 10px 10px 5px;\n color: var(--navy);\n background: #fff7ee;\n font-family: Georgia, \"Times New Roman\", serif;\n font-size: clamp(1rem, 2.5vw, 1.24rem);\n font-weight: 700;\n text-align: center;\n }\n\n .definition {\n padding: 22px 0;\n border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);\n }\n\n .definition:first-of-type { padding-top: 0; }\n .definition:last-of-type { border-bottom: 0; }\n .definition h3 { margin-top: 0; }\n\n .question {\n margin-top: 12px;\n color: var(--blue);\n font-weight: 750;\n }\n\n .keybox {\n margin: 20px 0;\n padding: 18px 20px;\n border: 1px solid #bfd6e5;\n border-radius: 10px;\n color: var(--navy);\n background: var(--pale);\n }\n\n .table-wrap { overflow-x: auto; }\n\n table {\n width: 100%;\n min-width: 600px;\n border-collapse: collapse;\n font-size: 0.94rem;\n }\n\n th, td {\n padding: 13px 14px;\n border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);\n text-align: left;\n vertical-align: top;\n }\n\n th { color: white; background: var(--navy); }\n tbody tr:nth-child(even) { background: #f7f9fb; }\n\n .story {\n margin: 26px 0 0 14px;\n padding-left: 34px;\n border-left: 2px solid #b8cedd;\n }\n\n .step {\n position: relative;\n padding: 0 0 34px;\n }\n\n .step:last-child { padding-bottom: 0; }\n\n .step::before {\n content: attr(data-step);\n position: absolute;\n top: 0;\n left: -50px;\n display: grid;\n width: 30px;\n height: 30px;\n place-items: center;\n border: 3px solid white;\n border-radius: 50%;\n color: white;\n background: var(--blue);\n font-size: 0.78rem;\n font-weight: 850;\n box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px #9dbdd2;\n }\n\n .step h3 { margin-top: 0; }\n\n .memory {\n display: grid;\n grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));\n gap: 10px;\n margin: 18px 0;\n padding: 0;\n list-style: none;\n counter-reset: item;\n }\n\n .memory li {\n counter-increment: item;\n margin: 0;\n padding: 14px 16px;\n border: 1px solid var(--line);\n border-radius: 9px;\n background: #fafcfd;\n }\n\n .memory li::before {\n content: counter(item, decimal-leading-zero);\n margin-right: 10px;\n color: var(--orange);\n font-family: Georgia, \"Times New Roman\", serif;\n font-weight: 800;\n }\n\n .closing {\n margin-top: 25px;\n padding: 24px;\n border-radius: 11px;\n color: white;\n background: var(--navy);\n font-weight: 800;\n text-align: center;\n }\n\n @media (max-width: 650px) {\n body { padding: 0; background: white; }\n .frame { border: 0; border-radius: 0; box-shadow: none; }\n .overview, .memory { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }\n .overview { gap: 7px; }\n .story { margin-left: 6px; padding-left: 28px; }\n .step::before { left: -44px; }\n }\n\n @media print {\n body { padding: 0; background: white; }\n .frame { width: 100%; border: 0; box-shadow: none; }\n header { print-color-adjust: exact; -webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; }\n .definition, .keybox, .step, tr { break-inside: avoid; }\n }\n <\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n <main class=\"frame\">\n <header>\n <p class=\"kicker\">Chapter 7 \u00b7 Study Note<\/p>\n <h1>Instrumentation<br>Documents<\/h1>\n <p class=\"lead\">\uacc4\uce21 \ubb38\uc11c\ub294 \ud55c \uc7a5\uc5d0 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \ub123\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4. \ubaa9\uc801\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ub3c4\uba74\uc744 \ub098\ub204\uace0, \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uc218\uc900\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud655\ub300\ud558\uc5ec \ubcf8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <\/header>\n\n <div class=\"content\">\n <section aria-labelledby=\"overview-title\">\n <h2 id=\"overview-title\">\uc804\uccb4 \uad6c\uc870<\/h2>\n <div class=\"overview\">\n <div class=\"item\"><strong>PFD<\/strong><span>\uacf5\uc815 \uc804\uccb4<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"item\"><strong>P&ID<\/strong><span>\uacc4\uce21\u00b7\uc81c\uc5b4 \uad00\uacc4<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"item\"><strong>Loop Diagram<\/strong><span>\uc2e4\uc81c \uc5f0\uacb0<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"relation\">PFD \u2192 P&ID \u2192 Loop Diagram<\/div>\n <p>\uc624\ub978\ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \uac08\uc218\ub85d <strong>\ubc94\uc704\ub294 \uc881\uc544\uc9c0\uace0 \uc0c1\uc138\ub3c4\ub294 \ub192\uc544\uc9c4\ub2e4.<\/strong> Functional Diagram\uc740 \ubcc4\ub3c4\uc758 \uad00\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \uc81c\uc5b4\uc804\ub7b5\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc900\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <\/section>\n\n <section aria-labelledby=\"terms-title\">\n <h2 id=\"terms-title\">1. \uc6a9\uc5b4 \uc815\uc758<\/h2>\n\n <article class=\"definition\">\n <h3>PFD \u00b7 Process Flow Diagram<\/h3>\n <p><strong>\uacf5\uc815\uc758 \ud070 \ud750\ub984\uc744 \ubcf4\ub294 \ub3c4\uba74<\/strong>\uc774\ub2e4. \uc8fc\uc694 Vessel, Pipe, Equipment\uc640 \uc720\uccb4 \ubc0f \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uc758 \ud750\ub984\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <p class=\"question\">\ud575\uc2ec \uc9c8\ubb38: \uacf5\uc815\uc774 \uc5b4\ub514\uc11c \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uc5ec \uc5b4\ub514\ub85c \ud750\ub974\ub294\uac00?<\/p>\n <\/article>\n\n <article class=\"definition\">\n <h3>P&ID \u00b7 Process and Instrument Diagram<\/h3>\n <p><strong>\uacf5\uc815\uacfc \uacc4\uce21\u00b7\uc81c\uc5b4 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ud568\uaed8 \ubcf4\ub294 \ub3c4\uba74<\/strong>\uc774\ub2e4. Instrument, Controller, Final Control Element, Signal Connection, Loop Number\uc640 \uc124\uce58 \uc704\uce58\ub97c \ud45c\uc2dc\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <p class=\"question\">\ud575\uc2ec \uc9c8\ubb38: \ubb34\uc5c7\uc744 \uce21\uc815\ud558\uace0, \ub204\uac00 \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\uace0, \ubb34\uc5c7\uc744 \uc870\uc791\ud558\ub294\uac00?<\/p>\n <\/article>\n\n <article class=\"definition\">\n <h3>Loop Diagram<\/h3>\n <p><strong>\ud55c \uac1c\uc758 Control Loop\ub97c \uc2e4\uc81c \uc5f0\uacb0 \uc218\uc900\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b8 \ub3c4\uba74<\/strong>\uc774\ub2e4. Wiring, Cable, Terminal, Junction Box, Panel, Grounding, Signal Range\uc640 Calibration \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <p class=\"question\">\ud575\uc2ec \uc9c8\ubb38: \uc2e0\ud638\uac00 \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uacbd\ub85c\ub97c \ub530\ub77c \uc804\ub2ec\ub418\ub294\uac00?<\/p>\n <\/article>\n\n <article class=\"definition\">\n <h3>Functional Diagram<\/h3>\n <p><strong>\uc81c\uc5b4\uc804\ub7b5\uacfc \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\ub294 \ub3c4\uba74<\/strong>\uc774\ub2e4. \uc124\uce58 \uc704\uce58\ub098 \ubc30\uc120\ubcf4\ub2e4 PID, Cascade, Setpoint, Auto\/Manual\uacfc \uc2e0\ud638\uc758 \uae30\ub2a5 \uad00\uacc4\uc5d0 \ucd08\uc810\uc744 \ub454\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <p class=\"question\">\ud575\uc2ec \uc9c8\ubb38: \uc774 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc740 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ub17c\ub9ac\ub85c \uc81c\uc5b4\ud558\ub294\uac00?<\/p>\n <\/article>\n\n <h3>Instrument Tag<\/h3>\n <p>\uacc4\uae30\uc758 \ub300\uc0c1 \ubcc0\uc218, \uae30\ub2a5, \uc18c\uc18d Loop\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <div class=\"relation\">Tag = Variable + Function + Loop Number<\/div>\n <div class=\"relation\">FT42 \u2192 FIC42 \u2192 FV42<br>\uce21\uc815 \u2192 \ud310\ub2e8 \u2192 \uc870\uc791<\/div>\n <p>\uac19\uc740 \ubc88\ud638 42\ub294 \uac19\uc740 Control Loop\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud568\uc744 \ub73b\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n <h3>Instrument Bubble\uacfc Line Type<\/h3>\n <ul>\n <li><strong>\uc120 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc6d0:<\/strong> Field Mounted<\/li>\n <li><strong>\uc120 \uc788\ub294 \uc6d0:<\/strong> Panel \ub610\ub294 Control Room Mounted<\/li>\n <li><strong>\uc0ac\uac01\ud615\uc73c\ub85c \ubb36\uc778 Bubble:<\/strong> \ud558\ub098\uc758 Physical Instrument\uc5d0 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uae30\ub2a5<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <p>Line Type\uc740 \uacf5\uc815 \uc720\uccb4, \uc804\uae30 \uc2e0\ud638, \uacf5\uc555 \uc2e0\ud638, \uc720\uc555 \uc2e0\ud638, Data Link \ub4f1 <strong>\ubb34\uc5c7\uc774 \uc804\ub2ec\ub418\ub294\uac00<\/strong>\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <div class=\"keybox\"><strong>Tag<\/strong> = \ubb34\uc5c7\uc744 \ud558\ub294\uac00?\u3000 <strong>Bubble<\/strong> = \uc5b4\ub514\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294\uac00?\u3000 <strong>Line<\/strong> = \ubb34\uc5c7\uc774 \uc804\ub2ec\ub418\ub294\uac00?<\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <section aria-labelledby=\"relations-title\">\n <h2 id=\"relations-title\">2. \uc6a9\uc5b4 \uac04 \uad00\uacc4<\/h2>\n <div class=\"table-wrap\">\n <table>\n <thead><tr><th>\ub3c4\uba74<\/th><th>\ubcf4\ub294 \ub300\uc0c1<\/th><th>\ud575\uc2ec \uc9c8\ubb38<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr><td><strong>PFD<\/strong><\/td><td>\uacf5\uc815 \uc804\uccb4\uc758 \ud750\ub984<\/td><td>\uc5b4\ub514\ub85c \ud750\ub974\ub294\uac00?<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td><strong>P&ID<\/strong><\/td><td>\uacf5\uc815\uacfc \uacc4\uce21\u00b7\uc81c\uc5b4 \uad00\uacc4<\/td><td>\ubb34\uc5c7\uc774 \uce21\uc815\u00b7\ud310\ub2e8\u00b7\uc870\uc791\ud558\ub294\uac00?<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td><strong>Loop Diagram<\/strong><\/td><td>\ud55c Loop\uc758 \uc2e4\uc81c \uc5f0\uacb0<\/td><td>\uc2e0\ud638\uac00 \uc5b4\ub514\ub97c \ud1b5\uacfc\ud558\ub294\uac00?<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td><strong>Functional Diagram<\/strong><\/td><td>\uc81c\uc5b4\uc804\ub7b5\uacfc \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998<\/td><td>\uc5b4\ub5a4 \ub17c\ub9ac\ub85c \uc81c\uc5b4\ud558\ub294\uac00?<\/td><\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"keybox\">Functional Diagram\uc740 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \ub354 \uc0c1\uc138\ud55c \ub3c4\uba74\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. PFD\u2013P&ID\u2013Loop Diagram\uc774 \uc124\ube44\ub97c \ud655\ub300\ud574 \ubcf4\ub294 \ucd95\uc774\ub77c\uba74, Functional Diagram\uc740 <strong>Control Strategy\ub9cc \ub530\ub85c \ubcf4\ub294 \ucd95<\/strong>\uc774\ub2e4.<\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <section aria-labelledby=\"story-title\">\n <h2 id=\"story-title\">3. \ubb38\uc81c \ud574\uacb0 \uc2a4\ud1a0\ub9ac<\/h2>\n <div class=\"keybox\"><strong>\uc0c1\ud669:<\/strong> \ud0f1\ud06c\uc758 LT201 \ud604\uc7a5\uac12\uc740 \uc815\uc0c1\uc778\ub370, \uc81c\uc5b4\uc2e4\uc758 LIC201\uc5d0\ub294 0%\uac00 \ud45c\uc2dc\ub41c\ub2e4.<\/div>\n\n <div class=\"story\">\n <article class=\"step\" data-step=\"1\">\n <h3>PFD\ub85c \uacf5\uc815 \uc804\uccb4\ub97c \ubcf8\ub2e4<\/h3>\n <p>\uc720\uccb4\uc640 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uac00 \uc5b4\ub514\uc5d0\uc11c \uacf5\uae09\ub418\uace0 \uc5b4\ub514\ub85c \ud750\ub974\ub294\uc9c0 \ud655\uc778\ud55c\ub2e4. \uacf5\uc815 \uc790\uccb4\uac00 \uc131\ub9bd\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4\uba74 \uc774 \ub2e8\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6d0\uc778\uc744 \ucc3e\ub294\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <\/article>\n\n <article class=\"step\" data-step=\"2\">\n <h3>P&ID\ub85c \uc81c\uc5b4 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ubcf8\ub2e4<\/h3>\n <p>LT201, LIC201, LV201\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc911\uac04\uc5d0 Converter, Relay \ub610\ub294 \ub2e4\ub978 \uae30\ub2a5\uc774 \uc788\ub294\uc9c0\ub3c4 \ud655\uc778\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <div class=\"relation\">LT201 \u2192 LIC201 \u2192 LV201<\/div>\n <\/article>\n\n <article class=\"step\" data-step=\"3\">\n <h3>Loop Diagram\uc73c\ub85c \uc2e0\ud638\ub97c \ucd94\uc801\ud55c\ub2e4<\/h3>\n <p>\ud604\uc7a5\uac12\uc774 \uc815\uc0c1\uc778\ub370 \uc81c\uc5b4\uc2e4 \ud45c\uc2dc\ub9cc \uc774\uc0c1\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \uc774 \ub2e8\uacc4\uac00 \uc6b0\uc120\uc774\ub2e4. Cable, Wire, Terminal, Junction Box, Power, I\/O Card\uc640 Signal Range\ub97c \ub530\ub77c\uac00\uba70 \uc2e0\ud638\uac00 \ub04a\uae34 \uc9c0\uc810\uc744 \ucc3e\ub294\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <div class=\"relation\">Input \u2192 Instrument \u2192 Output<\/div>\n <p><strong>Direct Acting:<\/strong> Input \u2191 \u2192 Output \u2191<br><strong>Reverse Acting:<\/strong> Input \u2191 \u2192 Output \u2193<\/p>\n <\/article>\n\n <article class=\"step\" data-step=\"4\">\n <h3>Functional Diagram\uc73c\ub85c \uc81c\uc5b4 \ub17c\ub9ac\ub97c \ubcf8\ub2e4<\/h3>\n <p>\ubc30\uc120\uacfc \uc2e0\ud638\uac00 \uc815\uc0c1\uc778\ub370 \uc81c\uc5b4\uae30\uc758 \ubc18\uc751\uc774 \uc774\uc0c1\ud558\uba74 PID, Setpoint\uc640 Cascade Control\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <div class=\"relation\">LT \u2192 LIC \u2500 SP \u2192 FIC \u2192 FCV<\/div>\n <\/article>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"keybox\">\ubb38\uc81c \ud574\uacb0\uc758 \uae30\uc900\uc740 \ub3c4\uba74\uc758 \uace0\uc815 \uc21c\uc11c\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c <strong>\ubb38\uc81c\uc758 \uc885\ub958<\/strong>\uc774\ub2e4. \uacf5\uc815 \uc774\uc0c1\uc740 PFD, \uae30\ub2a5 \uad00\uacc4\ub294 P&ID, \uc2e0\ud638 \uacbd\ub85c\ub294 Loop Diagram, \uc81c\uc5b4 \ub17c\ub9ac\ub294 Functional Diagram\uc5d0\uc11c \ud655\uc778\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <section aria-labelledby=\"memory-title\">\n <h2 id=\"memory-title\">4. \ud575\uc2ec \uc554\uae30 \uad6c\uc870<\/h2>\n <ol class=\"memory\">\n <li><strong>PFD:<\/strong> \uacf5\uc815\uc744 \ubcf8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <li><strong>P&ID:<\/strong> \uacc4\uce21\u00b7\uc81c\uc5b4 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ubcf8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <li><strong>Loop Diagram:<\/strong> \uc2e4\uc81c \uc5f0\uacb0\uc744 \ubcf8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <li><strong>Functional Diagram:<\/strong> \uc81c\uc5b4\uc804\ub7b5\uc744 \ubcf8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <li><strong>Tag:<\/strong> \uacc4\uae30\uc758 \uc5ed\ud560\uacfc Loop\ub97c \uc77d\ub294\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <li><strong>Bubble:<\/strong> \uacc4\uae30\uc758 \uc124\uce58 \uc704\uce58\ub97c \uc77d\ub294\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <li><strong>Line Type:<\/strong> \uc804\ub2ec\ub418\ub294 \ub300\uc0c1\uc744 \uc77d\ub294\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <\/ol>\n <div class=\"closing\">\uacf5\uc815\uc744 \ubcf4\uace0(PFD), \uc81c\uc5b4\uad6c\uc870\ub97c \ucc3e\uace0(P&ID),<br>\ubc30\uc120\uc744 \ub530\ub77c\uac00\uace0(Loop), \uc81c\uc5b4\ub17c\ub9ac\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud55c\ub2e4(Functional).<\/div>\n <\/section>\n <\/div>\n <\/main>\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Lessons_In_Industrial_Instrumentation.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px\" aria-label=\"Lessons_In_Industrial_Instrumentation\uc758 \uc0bd\uc785.\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-ed8ef152-587e-44ef-b43b-6fc4e6a310d3\" href=\"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Lessons_In_Industrial_Instrumentation.pdf\">Lessons_In_Industrial_Instrumentation<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Lessons_In_Industrial_Instrumentation.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-ed8ef152-587e-44ef-b43b-6fc4e6a310d3\">\ub2e4\uc6b4\ub85c\ub4dc<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>% Overleaf compiler: XeLaTeX\n\\documentclass[11pt,a4paper]{article}\n\n\\usepackage{kotex}\n\\usepackage[margin=22mm]{geometry}\n\\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb}\n\\usepackage{array,booktabs,tabularx}\n\\usepackage{xcolor}\n\\usepackage{enumitem}\n\\usepackage[most]{tcolorbox}\n\\usepackage{hyperref}\n\n\\definecolor{mainblue}{HTML}{244A73}\n\\definecolor{lightblue}{HTML}{EEF4FA}\n\\definecolor{linegray}{HTML}{D7DEE7}\n\n\\hypersetup{colorlinks=true,linkcolor=mainblue,urlcolor=mainblue}\n\\setlength{\\parindent}{0pt}\n\\setlength{\\parskip}{0.45em}\n\\setlist[itemize]{leftmargin=1.6em,itemsep=0.15em,topsep=0.25em}\n\\setlist[enumerate]{leftmargin=1.8em,itemsep=0.25em,topsep=0.25em}\n\\renewcommand{\\arraystretch}{1.25}\n\n\\newtcolorbox{keybox}[1][]{\n colback=lightblue,\n colframe=mainblue,\n boxrule=0.7pt,\n arc=2mm,\n left=3mm,right=3mm,top=2mm,bottom=2mm,\n #1\n}\n\n\\title{\\textbf{Chapter 7. Instrumentation Documents}}\n\\author{}\n\\date{}\n\n\\begin{document}\n\\maketitle\n\\vspace{-2.5em}\n\n\\begin{keybox}\n\uacc4\uce21 \ubb38\uc11c\ub294 \ud55c \uc7a5\uc5d0 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \ub123\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4. \ubaa9\uc801\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ub3c4\uba74\uc744 \ub098\ub204\uace0,\n\ud544\uc694\ud55c \uc218\uc900\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud655\ub300\ud558\uc5ec \ubcf8\ub2e4.\n\\end{keybox}\n\n\\section{\uc6a9\uc5b4 \uc815\uc758}\n\n\\subsection{PFD: Process Flow Diagram}\n\n\\textbf{\uacf5\uc815\uc758 \ud070 \ud750\ub984\uc744 \ubcf4\ub294 \ub3c4\uba74}\uc774\ub2e4.\n\n\uc8fc\uc694 Vessel, Pipe, Equipment\uc640 \uc720\uccb4 \ubc0f \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uc758 \ud750\ub984\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b8\ub2e4.\n\uacc4\uce21\u00b7\uc81c\uc5b4\uc758 \uc0c1\uc138 \uc5f0\uacb0\uc740 \uac70\uc758 \ud45c\ud604\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4.\n\n\\begin{keybox}\n\ud575\uc2ec \uc9c8\ubb38: \\textbf{\uacf5\uc815\uc774 \uc5b4\ub514\uc11c \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uc5ec \uc5b4\ub514\ub85c \ud750\ub974\ub294\uac00?}\n\\end{keybox}\n\n\\subsection{P\\&ID: Process and Instrument Diagram}\n\n\\textbf{\uacf5\uc815\uacfc \uacc4\uce21\u00b7\uc81c\uc5b4 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ud568\uaed8 \ubcf4\ub294 \ub3c4\uba74}\uc774\ub2e4.\n\nPFD\uc758 \uacf5\uc815 \uc815\ubcf4\uc5d0 Instrument, Controller, Final Control Element,\nSignal Connection, Loop Number\uc640 \uc124\uce58 \uc704\uce58\ub97c \ucd94\uac00\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\n\\begin{keybox}\n\ud575\uc2ec \uc9c8\ubb38: \\textbf{\ubb34\uc5c7\uc744 \uce21\uc815\ud558\uace0, \ub204\uac00 \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\uace0, \ubb34\uc5c7\uc744 \uc870\uc791\ud558\ub294\uac00?}\n\\end{keybox}\n\n\\subsection{Loop Diagram}\n\n\\textbf{\ud55c \uac1c\uc758 Control Loop\ub97c \uc2e4\uc81c \uc5f0\uacb0 \uc218\uc900\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b8 \ub3c4\uba74}\uc774\ub2e4.\n\nWiring, Cable, Terminal, Junction Box, Panel, Grounding,\nSignal Range\uc640 Calibration \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.\n\uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc67c\ucabd\uc5d0\ub294 Field Instrument, \uc624\ub978\ucabd\uc5d0\ub294 Control Panel\uc744 \ubc30\uce58\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\n\\begin{keybox}\n\ud575\uc2ec \uc9c8\ubb38: \\textbf{\uc774 \uc2e0\ud638\uac00 \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uacbd\ub85c\ub97c \ub530\ub77c \uc804\ub2ec\ub418\ub294\uac00?}\n\\end{keybox}\n\n\\subsection{Functional Diagram}\n\n\\textbf{\uc81c\uc5b4\uc804\ub7b5\uacfc \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\ub294 \ub3c4\uba74}\uc774\ub2e4.\n\n\uc2e4\uc81c \uc124\uce58 \uc704\uce58\ub098 \ubc30\uc120\ubcf4\ub2e4 PID, Cascade, Setpoint,\nAuto\/Manual, Analog\/Discrete Signal\uc758 \uae30\ub2a5 \uad00\uacc4\uc5d0 \ucd08\uc810\uc744 \ub454\ub2e4.\n\n\\begin{keybox}\n\ud575\uc2ec \uc9c8\ubb38: \\textbf{\uc774 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc740 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ub17c\ub9ac\ub85c \uc81c\uc5b4\ud558\ub294\uac00?}\n\\end{keybox}\n\n\\subsection{Instrument Tag}\n\n\\textbf{\uacc4\uae30\uc758 \ub300\uc0c1 \ubcc0\uc218, \uae30\ub2a5, \uc18c\uc18d Loop\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\ub294 \uc2dd\ubcc4\uc790}\uc774\ub2e4.\n\n\\[\n\\boxed{\\text{Tag}=\\text{Variable}+\\text{Function}+\\text{Loop Number}}\n\\]\n\n\uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \\(\\mathrm{FIC42}\\)\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \uc77d\ub294\ub2e4.\n\n\\begin{itemize}\n \\item F: Flow\n \\item I: Indicate\n \\item C: Control\n \\item 42: Loop Number\n\\end{itemize}\n\n\ub530\ub77c\uc11c\n\\[\n\\mathrm{FT42}\\;\\longrightarrow\\;\\mathrm{FIC42}\\;\\longrightarrow\\;\\mathrm{FV42}\n\\]\n\ub294 \\textbf{\uce21\uc815 \\(\\rightarrow\\) \ud310\ub2e8 \\(\\rightarrow\\) \uc870\uc791}\uc758 \ud750\ub984\uc774\ub2e4.\n\uac19\uc740 \ubc88\ud638 42\ub294 \uac19\uc740 Control Loop\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud568\uc744 \ub73b\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\n\\subsection{Instrument Bubble\uacfc Line Type}\n\nInstrument Bubble\uc740 \\textbf{\uacc4\uae30\uc758 \uc124\uce58 \uc704\uce58}\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b8\ub2e4.\n\n\\begin{itemize}\n \\item \uc120 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc6d0: Field Mounted\n \\item \uc120 \uc788\ub294 \uc6d0: Panel \ub610\ub294 Control Room Mounted\n \\item \uc5ec\ub7ec Bubble\uc744 \uc0ac\uac01\ud615\uc73c\ub85c \ubb36\uc74c: \ud558\ub098\uc758 Physical Instrument\uc5d0 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uae30\ub2a5\n\\end{itemize}\n\nLine Type\uc740 \\textbf{\ubb34\uc5c7\uc774 \uc804\ub2ec\ub418\ub294\uac00}\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b8\ub2e4.\n\uacf5\uc815 \uc720\uccb4, \uc804\uae30 \uc2e0\ud638, \uacf5\uc555 \uc2e0\ud638, \uc720\uc555 \uc2e0\ud638, Data Link \ub4f1\uc744 \uad6c\ubd84\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\n\\begin{keybox}\n\\textbf{Tag = \ubb34\uc5c7\uc744 \ud558\ub294\uac00?}\\qquad\n\\textbf{Bubble = \uc5b4\ub514\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294\uac00?}\\qquad\n\\textbf{Line = \ubb34\uc5c7\uc774 \uc804\ub2ec\ub418\ub294\uac00?}\n\\end{keybox}\n\n\\section{\uc6a9\uc5b4 \uac04 \uad00\uacc4}\n\n\\[\n\\boxed{\\mathrm{PFD}\\;\\longrightarrow\\;\\mathrm{P\\&ID}\\;\\longrightarrow\\;\\text{Loop Diagram}}\n\\]\n\n\uc624\ub978\ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \uac08\uc218\ub85d \\textbf{\ubc94\uc704\ub294 \uc881\uc544\uc9c0\uace0 \uc0c1\uc138\ub3c4\ub294 \ub192\uc544\uc9c4\ub2e4}.\n\n\\begin{center}\n\\begin{tabularx}{\\textwidth}{>{\\bfseries}p{28mm} X X}\n\\toprule\n\ub3c4\uba74 & \ubcf4\ub294 \ub300\uc0c1 & \ud575\uc2ec \uc9c8\ubb38 \\\\\n\\midrule\nPFD & \uacf5\uc815 \uc804\uccb4\uc758 \ud750\ub984 & \uc5b4\ub514\ub85c \ud750\ub974\ub294\uac00? \\\\\nP\\&ID & \uacf5\uc815\uacfc \uacc4\uce21\u00b7\uc81c\uc5b4 \uad00\uacc4 & \ubb34\uc5c7\uc774 \uce21\uc815\u00b7\ud310\ub2e8\u00b7\uc870\uc791\ud558\ub294\uac00? \\\\\nLoop Diagram & \ud55c Loop\uc758 \uc2e4\uc81c \uc5f0\uacb0 & \uc2e0\ud638\uac00 \uc5b4\ub514\ub97c \ud1b5\uacfc\ud558\ub294\uac00? \\\\\nFunctional Diagram & \uc81c\uc5b4\uc804\ub7b5\uacfc \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998 & \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ub17c\ub9ac\ub85c \uc81c\uc5b4\ud558\ub294\uac00? \\\\\n\\bottomrule\n\\end{tabularx}\n\\end{center}\n\nFunctional Diagram\uc740 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \ub354 \uc0c1\uc138\ud55c \ub3c4\uba74\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4.\nPFD--P\\&ID--Loop Diagram\uc774 \uc124\ube44\ub97c \ud655\ub300\ud574 \ubcf4\ub294 \ucd95\uc774\ub77c\uba74,\nFunctional Diagram\uc740 \\textbf{Control Strategy\ub9cc \ub530\ub85c \ubcf4\ub294 \ucd95}\uc774\ub2e4.\n\n\\section{\ubb38\uc81c \ud574\uacb0 \uc2a4\ud1a0\ub9ac}\n\n\\subsection*{\uc0c1\ud669}\n\n\ud0f1\ud06c\uc758 \\(\\mathrm{LT201}\\) \ud604\uc7a5\uac12\uc740 \uc815\uc0c1\uc778\ub370,\n\uc81c\uc5b4\uc2e4\uc758 \\(\\mathrm{LIC201}\\)\uc5d0\ub294 0\\%\uac00 \ud45c\uc2dc\ub41c\ub2e4.\n\n\\subsection*{1\ub2e8\uacc4: PFD\ub85c \uacf5\uc815 \uc804\uccb4\ub97c \ubcf8\ub2e4}\n\n\uc720\uccb4\uc640 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uac00 \uc5b4\ub514\uc5d0\uc11c \uacf5\uae09\ub418\uace0 \uc5b4\ub514\ub85c \ud750\ub974\ub294\uc9c0 \ud655\uc778\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\uacf5\uc815 \uc790\uccb4\uac00 \uc131\ub9bd\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4\uba74 \uc774 \ub2e8\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6d0\uc778\uc744 \ucc3e\ub294\ub2e4.\n\n\\subsection*{2\ub2e8\uacc4: P\\&ID\ub85c \uc81c\uc5b4 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ubcf8\ub2e4}\n\n\\(\\mathrm{LT201}\\), \\(\\mathrm{LIC201}\\), \\(\\mathrm{LV201}\\)\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\uc911\uac04\uc5d0 Converter, Relay \ub610\ub294 \ub2e4\ub978 \uae30\ub2a5\uc774 \uc788\ub294\uc9c0\ub3c4 \ud655\uc778\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\n\\[\n\\mathrm{LT201}\\;\\longrightarrow\\;\\mathrm{LIC201}\\;\\longrightarrow\\;\\mathrm{LV201}\n\\]\n\n\\subsection*{3\ub2e8\uacc4: Loop Diagram\uc73c\ub85c \uc2e0\ud638\ub97c \ucd94\uc801\ud55c\ub2e4}\n\n\ud604\uc7a5\uac12\uc774 \uc815\uc0c1\uc778\ub370 \uc81c\uc5b4\uc2e4 \ud45c\uc2dc\ub9cc \uc774\uc0c1\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \uc774 \ub2e8\uacc4\uac00 \uc6b0\uc120\uc774\ub2e4.\nCable, Wire, Terminal, Junction Box, Power, I\/O Card\uc640 Signal Range\ub97c \ub530\ub77c\uac04\ub2e4.\n\uc774 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2e0\ud638\uac00 \ub04a\uae34 \uc9c0\uc810\uc744 \ucc3e\ub294\ub2e4.\n\nLoop Diagram\uc758 Input\/Output Calibration \uc815\ubcf4\ub294 \uac01 \uad6c\uac04\uc758 \uc815\uc0c1 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\ub294 \uae30\uc900\uc774 \ub41c\ub2e4.\n\n\\[\n\\text{Input}\\;\\longrightarrow\\;\\text{Instrument}\\;\\longrightarrow\\;\\text{Output}\n\\]\n\n\ub610\ud55c \uacc4\uae30\uc758 \ub3d9\uc791 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.\n\n\\[\n\\begin{aligned}\n\\text{Direct Acting: }& Input\\uparrow \\Rightarrow Output\\uparrow \\\\\n\\text{Reverse Acting: }& Input\\uparrow \\Rightarrow Output\\downarrow\n\\end{aligned}\n\\]\n\n\\subsection*{4\ub2e8\uacc4: Functional Diagram\uc73c\ub85c \uc81c\uc5b4 \ub17c\ub9ac\ub97c \ubcf8\ub2e4}\n\n\ubc30\uc120\uacfc \uc2e0\ud638\uac00 \uc815\uc0c1\uc778\ub370 \uc81c\uc5b4\uae30\uc758 \ubc18\uc751\uc774 \uc774\uc0c1\ud558\uba74 \uc81c\uc5b4\uc804\ub7b5\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \ub2e4\uc74c \uad6c\uc870\ub294 Level Controller\uc758 \ucd9c\ub825\uc774\nFlow Controller\uc758 Setpoint\uac00 \ub418\ub294 Cascade Control\uc774\ub2e4.\n\n\\[\n\\mathrm{LT}\\;\\longrightarrow\\;\\mathrm{LIC}\n\\;\\xrightarrow{\\mathrm{SP}}\\;\\mathrm{FIC}\n\\;\\longrightarrow\\;\\mathrm{FCV}\n\\]\n\n\\begin{keybox}\n\ubb38\uc81c \ud574\uacb0\uc758 \uae30\uc900\uc740 \ub3c4\uba74\uc758 \uace0\uc815 \uc21c\uc11c\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \\textbf{\ubb38\uc81c\uc758 \uc885\ub958}\uc774\ub2e4.\n\uacf5\uc815 \uc774\uc0c1\uc740 PFD, \uae30\ub2a5 \uad00\uacc4\ub294 P\\&ID, \uc2e0\ud638 \uacbd\ub85c\ub294 Loop Diagram,\n\uc81c\uc5b4 \ub17c\ub9ac\ub294 Functional Diagram\uc5d0\uc11c \ud655\uc778\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\\end{keybox}\n\n\\section{\ud575\uc2ec \uc554\uae30 \uad6c\uc870}\n\n\\begin{enumerate}\n \\item \\textbf{PFD}: \uacf5\uc815\uc744 \ubcf8\ub2e4.\n \\item \\textbf{P\\&ID}: \uacc4\uce21\u00b7\uc81c\uc5b4 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ubcf8\ub2e4.\n \\item \\textbf{Loop Diagram}: \uc2e4\uc81c \uc5f0\uacb0\uc744 \ubcf8\ub2e4.\n \\item \\textbf{Functional Diagram}: \uc81c\uc5b4\uc804\ub7b5\uc744 \ubcf8\ub2e4.\n \\item \\textbf{Tag}: \uacc4\uae30\uc758 \uc5ed\ud560\uacfc Loop\ub97c \uc77d\ub294\ub2e4.\n \\item \\textbf{Bubble}: \uacc4\uae30\uc758 \uc124\uce58 \uc704\uce58\ub97c \uc77d\ub294\ub2e4.\n \\item \\textbf{Line Type}: \uc804\ub2ec\ub418\ub294 \ub300\uc0c1\uc744 \uc77d\ub294\ub2e4.\n\\end{enumerate}\n\n\\begin{keybox}\n\\centering\n\\textbf{\uacf5\uc815\uc744 \ubcf4\uace0(PFD), \uc81c\uc5b4\uad6c\uc870\ub97c \ucc3e\uace0(P\\&ID),\\newline\n\ubc30\uc120\uc744 \ub530\ub77c\uac00\uace0(Loop), \uc81c\uc5b4\ub17c\ub9ac\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud55c\ub2e4(Functional).}\n\\end{keybox}\n\n\\end{document}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chapter 7. Instrumentation Documents Chapter 7 \u00b7 Study Note InstrumentationDocuments \uacc4\uce21 \ubb38\uc11c\ub294 \ud55c \uc7a5\uc5d0 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \ub123\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4. \ubaa9\uc801\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1185],"tags":[2166,1295,2146],"class_list":["post-9443","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-1185","tag-loop-diagrams","tag-pid","tag-pfd-2"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9443","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9443"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9443\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9445,"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9443\/revisions\/9445"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9443"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9443"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9443"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}