{"id":9454,"date":"2026-09-06T16:04:37","date_gmt":"2026-09-06T07:04:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/?p=9454"},"modified":"2026-09-06T16:04:39","modified_gmt":"2026-09-06T07:04:39","slug":"lessons-in-industrial-instrumentation-chapter-8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/lessons-in-industrial-instrumentation-chapter-8\/","title":{"rendered":"Lessons In Industrial Instrumentation, Chapter 8"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<!-- \ube14\ub85c\uadf8 HTML \ud3b8\uc9d1\uae30\uc5d0 \uc774 \ud30c\uc77c \uc804\uccb4\ub97c \ubd99\uc5ec \ub123\uc73c\uc138\uc694.\n     \uae30\uc874 \uae00\uc758 \ubcf8\ubb38\ub9cc \uad50\uccb4\ud558\uba70 \ube14\ub85c\uadf8 \uc2a4\ud0a8\u00b7\uc0c1\ub2e8 \uc601\uc5ed\uc740 \ud3b8\uc9d1\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n     \ubaa8\ub4e0 CSS\ub294 #instrument-ch8-note \ub0b4\ubd80\uc5d0\ub9cc \uc801\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. -->\n<style>\n#instrument-ch8-note{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;max-width:960px;margin:24px auto;padding:clamp(18px,4vw,38px);border:1px solid #ccd9e3;border-radius:8px;background:#fff;color:#253342;font-family:\"Noto Sans KR\",\"Malgun Gothic\",sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:1.8;text-align:left;word-break:keep-all;overflow-wrap:anywhere;}\n#instrument-ch8-note *{box-sizing:border-box;}\n#instrument-ch8-note .ch8-kicker{margin:0 0 8px;color:#426886;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.06em;}\n#instrument-ch8-note .ch8-title{margin:0 0 12px;padding:0;border:0;background:none;color:#173b56;font-size:clamp(24px,4vw,32px);font-weight:750;line-height:1.4;}\n#instrument-ch8-note h2{margin:36px 0 16px;padding:0 0 9px;border:0;border-bottom:2px solid #cadce8;background:none;color:#173b56;font-size:23px;line-height:1.5;}\n#instrument-ch8-note h3{margin:24px 0 9px;padding:0;border:0;background:none;color:#285975;font-size:18px;line-height:1.5;}\n#instrument-ch8-note p{margin:10px 0;padding:0;}\n#instrument-ch8-note .ch8-summary{margin:18px 0;padding:14px 18px;border-left:4px solid #347499;background:#f1f6fa;color:#253342;}\n#instrument-ch8-note .ch8-formula{margin:14px 0;padding:12px 16px;background:#f6f8fa;color:#183d57;font-family:Georgia,\"Malgun Gothic\",serif;font-size:18px;overflow-x:auto;word-break:normal;}\n#instrument-ch8-note .ch8-table-wrap{width:100%;overflow-x:auto;margin:14px 0;}\n#instrument-ch8-note table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;margin:0;background:#fff;color:#253342;font-size:14px;line-height:1.7;table-layout:auto;}\n#instrument-ch8-note th,#instrument-ch8-note td{padding:11px 12px;border:1px solid #dbe3e9;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;min-width:110px;}\n#instrument-ch8-note th{background:#edf4f8;color:#21465f;font-weight:700;}\n#instrument-ch8-note dl{margin:12px 0;}\n#instrument-ch8-note dt{margin-top:14px;font-weight:700;color:#234d68;}\n#instrument-ch8-note dd{margin:3px 0 0;padding:0;}\n#instrument-ch8-note .ch8-small{font-size:13px;color:#62717e;}\n<\/style>\n\n<div id=\"instrument-ch8-note\" lang=\"ko\">\n  <p class=\"ch8-kicker\">\uc0b0\uc5c5\uacc4\uce21\uc81c\uc5b4\uae30\uc220\uc0ac \u00b7 CHAPTER 8<\/p>\n  <h2 class=\"ch8-title\">Instrument Connections<br>\uacc4\uce21 \ubc30\uc120, \uc124\uce58\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2dc\ud5d8\u00b7\uc9c4\ub2e8\uae4c\uc9c0<\/h2>\n  <p>\uacc4\uce21 \uc2e0\ud638\uc758 \uc2e0\ub8b0\uc131\uc740 \uc13c\uc11c \uc815\ud655\ub3c4\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c \uacb0\uc815\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4. \uc2e0\ud638\uac00 \uc9c0\ub098\uac00\ub294 \uc5f0\uacb0 \uacbd\ub85c\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc548\uc815\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc124\uacc4\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n  <div class=\"ch8-summary\"><strong>\ud559\uc2b5 \ud750\ub984<\/strong><br>\ubb3c\ub9ac\uc801 \ubcf4\ud638 \u2192 \ub178\uc774\uc988 \uc5b5\uc81c \u2192 \uc804\uc1a1\uc120\ub85c \ubc18\uc0ac \uad00\ub9ac \u2192 \uad11\uc804\uc1a1\u00b7\uc13c\uc2f1 \u2192 \uc2dc\ud5d8\u00b7\uc9c4\ub2e8<\/div>\n\n  <h2>1. \uc6a9\uc5b4 \uc815\uc758<\/h2>\n  <h3>1.1 \ubc30\uc120\uacfc \uae30\uacc4\uc801 \ubcf4\ud638<\/h3>\n  <div class=\"ch8-table-wrap\"><table>\n    <thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">\uc6a9\uc5b4<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\uc815\uc758\uc640 \uc6a9\ub3c4<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n    <tbody>\n      <tr><td><strong>Cable<\/strong><\/td><td>\ub3c4\uccb4\uc640 \uc808\uc5f0\uccb4\u00b7\uc678\ud53c \ub4f1\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ub41c \uc2e0\ud638\u00b7\uc804\ub825 \uc804\ub2ec \ub9e4\uccb4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c\ub294 \uc804\uae30 \ucf00\uc774\ube14\uc744 \ub73b\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td><strong>Conduit<\/strong><br>\uc804\uc120\uad00<\/td><td>\uc804\uc120\u00b7\ucf00\uc774\ube14\uc744 \ub0b4\ubd80\uc5d0 \uc218\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ucda9\uaca9 \ub4f1\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ubcf4\ud638\ud558\ub294 \uad00.<\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td><strong>Metal \/ PVC Conduit<\/strong><\/td><td>\uae08\uc18d\uad00\uc740 \uc801\uc808\ud55c \ubcf8\ub529\u00b7\uc811\uc9c0 \uc2dc \ucc28\ud3d0\uc640 \uc811\uc9c0 \uacbd\ub85c\uc5d0 \uae30\uc5ec\ud55c\ub2e4. PVC\uad00\uc740 \ub0b4\uc2dd\uc131\uc774 \uc88b\uc9c0\ub9cc \ub3c4\uc804\uc131 \ucc28\ud3d0\u00b7\uc811\uc9c0 \uacbd\ub85c\ub294 \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4.<\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td><strong>Cable Tray<\/strong><\/td><td>\ub2e4\uc218 \ucf00\uc774\ube14\uc744 \uc9c0\uc9c0\ud558\uace0 \ud3ec\uc124 \uacbd\ub85c\ub97c \ud615\uc131\ud558\ub294 \uad6c\uc870\ubb3c.<\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td><strong>Wire Duct<\/strong><\/td><td>\uc81c\uc5b4\ubc18 \ub0b4\ubd80\uc758 \uace0\uc815 \ubc30\uc120\uc744 \uc815\ub9ac\ud558\uace0 \ubcf4\ud638\ud558\ub294 \ucc44\ub110.<\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td><strong>Wire Loom<\/strong><\/td><td>\uc804\uc120\uc744 \ubb36\uace0 \ubcf4\ud638\ud558\ub294 \uc720\uc5f0\ud55c \uc2ac\ub9ac\ube0c\u00b7\ub098\uc120\ud615 \ubcf4\ud638\uc7ac \ub4f1. \uac00\ub3d9\ubd80\ub294 \ucf00\uc774\ube14\uc758 \uad74\uace1 \uc218\uba85\uacfc \uc5ec\uc720 \uae38\uc774\ub3c4 \uace0\ub824\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/td><\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n  <\/table><\/div>\n\n  <h3>1.2 \ub178\uc774\uc988\uc640 \uc804\uc1a1\uc120\ub85c<\/h3>\n  <dl>\n    <dt>\uc815\uc804\uacb0\ud569 \u00b7 Capacitive Coupling<\/dt><dd>\ub3c4\uccb4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uae30\uc0dd \uc815\uc804\uc6a9\ub7c9\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc804\uc555 \ubcc0\ud654\uac00 \uc7a1\uc74c \uc804\ub958\ub85c \uacb0\ud569\ud558\ub294 \ud604\uc0c1.<\/dd>\n    <dt>\uc720\ub3c4\uacb0\ud569 \u00b7 Inductive Coupling<\/dt><dd>\uc2e0\ud638\uc120 \ub8e8\ud504\ub97c \ud1b5\uacfc\ud558\ub294 \uc790\uc18d\uc774 \ubcc0\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc720\ub3c4\uc804\uc555\uc774 \uc0dd\uae30\ub294 \ud604\uc0c1.<\/dd>\n    <dt>Shield \/ Twisted Pair<\/dt><dd>\ucc28\ud3d0\ub294 \ub3c4\uc804\uc131 \uc678\ud53c\ub85c \uc804\uae30\uc7a5 \uacb0\ud569 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc904\uc774\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc774\ub2e4. \uaf2c\uc784\uc30d\uc740 \uc720\ud6a8 \ub8e8\ud504 \uba74\uc801\uacfc \uc678\ubd80 \uc790\uae30\uc7a5\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \ucc28\ub3d9 \uc7a1\uc74c\uc758 \ub204\uc801\uc744 \uc904\uc774\ub294 \uad6c\uc870\uc774\ub2e4.<\/dd>\n    <dt>Lumped Circuit \/ Transmission Line<\/dt><dd>\uc804\ud30c \uc9c0\uc5f0\uc744 \ubb34\uc2dc\ud558\ub294 \uc9d1\uc911\uc815\uc218 \ubaa8\ub378 \/ \uc120\ub85c\ub97c \ub530\ub77c \ubd84\ud3ec\ud55c \uc800\ud56d\u00b7\uc778\ub355\ud134\uc2a4\u00b7\uc815\uc804\uc6a9\ub7c9\u00b7\ucee8\ub355\ud134\uc2a4\ub97c \uace0\ub824\ud558\ub294 \uc804\uc1a1\uc120\ub85c \ubaa8\ub378.<\/dd>\n    <dt>\ud2b9\uc131 \uc784\ud53c\ub358\uc2a4 Z<sub>0<\/sub> \/ Termination<\/dt><dd>\ud2b9\uc131 \uc784\ud53c\ub358\uc2a4\ub294 \ud55c \ubc29\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c \uc9c4\ud589\ud558\ub294 \uc804\uc555\ud30c\uc640 \uc804\ub958\ud30c\uc758 \ube44\uc774\uba70 \uc9c1\ub958 \uc800\ud56d\uacfc \ub2e4\ub974\ub2e4. \uc885\ub2e8\uc740 \uc120\ub85c \ub05d\uc5d0 \uc801\uc808\ud55c \uc784\ud53c\ub358\uc2a4\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\uc5ec \ubc18\uc0ac\ub97c \uc5b5\uc81c\ud558\ub294 \ucc98\ub9ac\uc774\ub2e4.<\/dd>\n    <dt>HART \/ Fieldbus<\/dt><dd>HART\ub294 \uae30\uc874 \uc544\ub0a0\ub85c\uadf8 \uacc4\uc7a5 \ub8e8\ud504\uc5d0 \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \ud1b5\uc2e0\uc744 \uc911\ucca9\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc774\ub2e4. Fieldbus\ub294 \ud604\uc7a5 \uc7a5\uce58\uc758 \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \ud1b5\uc2e0\ub9dd\uc744 \uac00\ub9ac\ud0a4\uba70 \ubc30\uc120\u00b7\uc885\ub2e8 \uc870\uac74\uc740 \ubb3c\ub9ac\uacc4\uce35\ubcc4\ub85c \ub2e4\ub974\ub2e4.<\/dd>\n  <\/dl>\n\n  <h3>1.3 \uad11\uc12c\uc720\uc640 \uad11\uacc4\uce21<\/h3>\n  <dl>\n    <dt>Optical Fiber \/ Galvanic Isolation<\/dt><dd>\ube5b\uc744 \uc720\ub3c4\ud558\uc5ec \uc804\ub2ec\ud558\ub294 \uad11\uc12c\uc720 \/ \ud68c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \uc9c1\uc811\uc801\uc778 \ub3c4\uc804 \uacbd\ub85c\uac00 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc804\uae30\uc801 \uc808\uc5f0.<\/dd>\n    <dt>Multimode \/ Modal Dispersion<\/dt><dd>\uc5ec\ub7ec \uc804\ud30c \ubaa8\ub4dc\ub97c \ud5c8\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uad11\uc12c\uc720 \/ \ubaa8\ub4dc\ubcc4 \ub3c4\ucc29\uc2dc\uac04 \ucc28\uc774\ub85c \ud384\uc2a4\uac00 \ub113\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \ud604\uc0c1. \ubaa8\ub4dc\ub294 \ud5c8\uc6a9\ub41c \uc804\uc790\uae30\uc7a5 \ubd84\ud3ec\uc774\ub2e4.<\/dd>\n    <dt>Graded-index \/ Single-mode<\/dt><dd>\ucf54\uc5b4 \uad74\uc808\ub960\uc744 \ubc18\uacbd\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ubcc0\ud654\uc2dc\ucf1c \ubaa8\ub4dc \uac04 \uc9c0\uc5f0 \ucc28\uc774\ub97c \uc904\uc774\ub294 \uad6c\uc870 \/ \uc0ac\uc6a9 \ud30c\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uacf5\uac04 \ubaa8\ub4dc\ub9cc \uc804\ud30c\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uc124\uacc4\ud55c \uad11\uc12c\uc720.<\/dd>\n    <dt>Fabry\u2013Perot Interferometry<\/dt><dd>\ub450 \ubc18\uc0ac\uba74 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \ub2e4\uc911 \ubc18\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uac04\uc12d\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uce21\uc815 \uc6d0\ub9ac. \ud559\uc2b5 \uc0ac\ub840\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc0ac\ud30c\uc774\uc5b4\uc758 \uad11\ud559\uc801 \ub450\uaed8 \ubcc0\ud654\ub97c \uc628\ub3c4\ub85c \ud658\uc0b0\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/dd>\n    <dt>Fluorescence Quenching<\/dt><dd>\uc0b0\uc18c \ub4f1 \uc18c\uad11 \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \ud615\uad11\uc758 \uc138\uae30\ub098 \uc218\uba85\uc774 \uac10\uc18c\ud558\ub294 \ud604\uc0c1. \uc6a9\uc874\uc0b0\uc18c(DO) \uce21\uc815\uc5d0 \uc774\uc6a9\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/dd>\n    <dt>Arc Flash Detection<\/dt><dd>\uc544\ud06c\uc758 \uac15\ud55c \ube5b\uc744 \uac80\ucd9c\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd. \ubd84\ud3ec\ud615 \uad11\uc12c\uc720 \uc13c\uc11c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uac10\uad11 \uad6c\uac04\uc774 \ube5b \uc218\uc9d1\uacfc \uc804\ub2ec\uc744 \ub2f4\ub2f9\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/dd>\n    <dt>\uad11\uc190\uc2e4 \uc2dc\ud5d8 \/ OTDR<\/dt><dd>\uad11\uc6d0\u00b7\ud30c\uc6cc\ubbf8\ud130\ub85c \ub9c1\ud06c \uc804\uccb4 \uc190\uc2e4\uc744 \uce21\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uc2dc\ud5d8 \/ \uad11\ud384\uc2a4\uc758 \ud6c4\ubc29\uc0b0\ub780\u00b7\ubc18\uc0ac\ub97c \uc2dc\uac04\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ubd84\uc11d\ud558\ub294 \uad11 \uc2dc\uac04\uc601\uc5ed \ubc18\uc0ac\uacc4.<\/dd>\n  <\/dl>\n\n  <h2>2. \uc6a9\uc5b4 \uac04 \uad00\uacc4<\/h2>\n  <h3>2.1 \uc124\uce58 \uc704\uce58\uc640 \ubcf4\ud638 \uc218\ub2e8<\/h3>\n  <div class=\"ch8-summary\">\uc81c\uc5b4\ubc18 \ub0b4\ubd80 <strong>Wire Duct<\/strong> \u2192 \ub2e8\uc790\ub300 \u2192 \uc7a5\uac70\ub9ac \uacbd\ub85c <strong>Cable Tray<\/strong> \u2192 \ud604\uc7a5 \uc778\uc785\ubd80 <strong>Conduit<\/strong> \u2192 \uacc4\uce21\uae30<\/div>\n  <p>\ub300\ud45c\uc801\uc778 \ubc30\uce58 \uc608\uc774\ub2e4. \uc2e4\uc81c \ubcf4\ud638 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc740 \ud658\uacbd\uc5d0 \ub9de\ucd94\uba70, \ubb38 \ub4f1 \uac00\ub3d9\ubd80\uc5d0\ub294 \uc720\uc5f0\ud55c \ubcf4\ud638\uc7ac\uc640 \uad74\uace1\u00b7\uc778\uc7a5 \ub300\ucc45\uc744 \uc801\uc6a9\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n  <h3>2.2 \ub178\uc774\uc988\uc758 \uc6d0\uc778\uacfc \ub300\ucc45<\/h3>\n  <div class=\"ch8-formula\">i<sub>n<\/sub> = C<sub>m<\/sub> \u00b7 dV\/dt<br>e<sub>n<\/sub> = \u2212d\u03a6\/dt<\/div>\n  <p>C<sub>m<\/sub>\uc740 \uacb0\ud569 \uc815\uc804\uc6a9\ub7c9, \u03a6\ub294 \uc2e0\ud638\uc120 \ub8e8\ud504\uc758 \uc790\uc18d\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n  <div class=\"ch8-table-wrap\"><table>\n    <thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">\uc8fc\uc694 \uacb0\ud569<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\ub300\ud45c \ub300\ucc45<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\uc5b5\uc81c \uc6d0\ub9ac<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n    <tbody><tr><td>\uc804\uae30\uc7a5 \u00b7 \uc815\uc804\uacb0\ud569<\/td><td>Shield<\/td><td>\uc804\uae30\uc7a5 \uacb0\ud569 \uac10\uc18c<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\uc790\uae30\uc7a5 \u00b7 \uc720\ub3c4\uacb0\ud569<\/td><td>Twisted Pair<\/td><td>\ub8e8\ud504 \uba74\uc801 \uac10\uc18c\uc640 \uc720\ub3c4\uc804\uc555 \uc0c1\uc1c4<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n  <\/table><\/div>\n  <p>\ub450 \ub300\ucc45\uc744 \uacb0\ud569\ud55c <strong>Twisted Shielded Pair<\/strong>\uac00 \uacc4\uc7a5 \ubc30\uc120\uc5d0 \ub110\ub9ac \uc4f0\uc778\ub2e4. \uc804\ub825\uc120\uacfc\uc758 \uc774\uaca9\u00b7\ubc30\uc120 \uacbd\ub85c\u00b7\ubcf8\ub529\ub3c4 \uc911\uc694\ud558\uba70, \ucc28\ud3d0 \uc811\uc9c0\ub97c \ubb34\uc870\uac74 \ud55c \uc810 \ub610\ub294 \uc591\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\uc815\ud574\uc11c \uc554\uae30\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n  <h3>2.3 \uc804\ud30c\uc2dc\uac04 \u2192 \ubc18\uc0ac \u2192 \uc885\ub2e8<\/h3>\n  <div class=\"ch8-formula\">t<sub>d<\/sub> = L\/v<br>t<sub>d<\/sub> \u226a t<sub>r<\/sub> : \uc9d1\uc911\uc815\uc218 \uadfc\uc0ac<br>t<sub>d<\/sub> \u2248 t<sub>r<\/sub> : \uc804\uc1a1\uc120\ub85c \ud6a8\uacfc \uc911\uc694<\/div>\n  <p>L\uc740 \uc120\ub85c \uae38\uc774, v\ub294 \uc804\ud30c\uc18d\ub3c4, t<sub>r<\/sub>\uc740 \uc0c1\uc2b9\uc2dc\uac04\uc774\ub2e4. \ud310\ub2e8 \uae30\uc900\uc740 <strong>\uc2e4\uc81c \uc2e0\ud638 \ubcc0\ud654\uc2dc\uac04\uacfc \uc120\ub85c \uc9c0\uc5f0\uc758 \ube44<\/strong>\uc774\ub2e4. 100 m \uc120\ub85c\uc5d0\uc11c v = 2 \u00d7 10<sup>8<\/sup> m\/s\ub77c\uba74 \ud3b8\ub3c4 \uc9c0\uc5f0\uc740 0.5 \u03bcs\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n  <div class=\"ch8-formula\">\u0393<sub>V<\/sub> = V<sub>r<\/sub>\/V<sub>i<\/sub> = (Z<sub>L<\/sub> \u2212 Z<sub>0<\/sub>)\/(Z<sub>L<\/sub> + Z<sub>0<\/sub>)<\/div>\n  <div class=\"ch8-table-wrap\"><table>\n    <thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">\uc885\ub2e8<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\ubd80\ud558<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\uc804\uc555 \ubc18\uc0ac<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n    <tbody><tr><td>\uc815\ud569<\/td><td>Z<sub>L<\/sub> = Z<sub>0<\/sub><\/td><td>\u0393<sub>V<\/sub> = 0 \u00b7 \ubc18\uc0ac \uc5c6\uc74c<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\uac1c\ubc29<\/td><td>Z<sub>L<\/sub> \u2192 \u221e<\/td><td>\u0393<sub>V<\/sub> = +1 \u00b7 \uac19\uc740 \uadf9\uc131<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\ub2e8\ub77d<\/td><td>Z<sub>L<\/sub> = 0<\/td><td>\u0393<sub>V<\/sub> = \u22121 \u00b7 \ubc18\ub300 \uadf9\uc131<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n  <\/table><\/div>\n  <div class=\"ch8-summary\"><strong>HART\uc640 \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \ubc84\uc2a4<\/strong><br>HART\ub294 \ube44\uad50\uc801 \ub290\ub9b0 \uc2e0\ud638 \ubcc0\ud654\ub85c \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \uacc4\uc7a5 \ubc30\uc120\uc5d0\uc11c \uc804\ud30c \uc9c0\uc5f0\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\uc774 \uc791\ub2e4. \ub8e8\ud504 \uc784\ud53c\ub358\uc2a4\uc640 \ucf00\uc774\ube14 \uc815\uc804\uc6a9\ub7c9 \uc870\uac74\uc740 \ucda9\uc871\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc804\uc1a1\uc120\ub85c \ud6a8\uacfc\uac00 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \ubc84\uc2a4\ub294 \uaddc\uc815\ub41c \ucf00\uc774\ube14\uacfc \uc885\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c \ubc18\uc0ac\ub97c \uc5b5\uc81c\ud55c\ub2e4.<br><strong>\ub290\ub9b0 \uc2e0\ud638\ub294 \uc804\ud30c\uc18d\ub3c4\uac00 \ub290\ub9ac\ub2e4\ub294 \ub73b\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/strong><\/div>\n\n  <h3>2.4 \ubaa8\ub4dc\uc640 \ubd84\uc0b0<\/h3>\n  <div class=\"ch8-table-wrap\"><table>\n    <thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">\uad11\uc12c\uc720<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\uc6d0\ub9ac<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\ubaa8\ub4dc \ubd84\uc0b0<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n    <tbody><tr><td>Step-index multimode<\/td><td>\uade0\uc77c\ud55c \ucf54\uc5b4 \uad74\uc808\ub960\uc5d0\uc11c \ubaa8\ub4dc\ubcc4 \uacbd\ub85c \ucc28\uc774\uac00 \uc9c0\uc5f0 \ucc28\uc774\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e0\ub2e4.<\/td><td>\uc0c1\ub300\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud07c<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Graded-index multimode<\/td><td>\uc678\uacfd\uc758 \ub0ae\uc740 \uad74\uc808\ub960\ub85c \uc18d\ub3c4\ub97c \ub192\uc5ec \uae34 \uacbd\ub85c\uc758 \uc9c0\uc5f0\uc744 \ubcf4\uc0c1\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/td><td>\uac10\uc18c, \uc794\ub958 \uac00\ub2a5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Single-mode<\/td><td>\uc5ec\ub7ec \uacf5\uac04 \ubaa8\ub4dc \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uc9c0\uc5f0 \ucc28\uc774 \uc790\uccb4\ub97c \uc5c6\uc564\ub2e4.<\/td><td>\ubaa8\ub4dc \uac04 \ubd84\uc0b0 \uc5c6\uc74c<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n  <\/table><\/div>\n  <div class=\"ch8-formula\">v \u2248 c\/n \u2192 \uad74\uc808\ub960 \ubd84\ud3ec \uc870\uc808 \u2192 \ubaa8\ub4dc\ubcc4 \ub3c4\ucc29\uc2dc\uac04 \ucc28\uc774 \uac10\uc18c<\/div>\n  <p>\uc774\ub294 \uae30\ud558\uad11\ud559\uc801 \uc9c1\uad00\uc774\uba70 \uc815\ud655\ud55c \ud384\uc2a4 \uc9c0\uc5f0\uc740 \uad70\uc18d\ub3c4\ub85c \ud574\uc11d\ud55c\ub2e4. <strong>\ub2e8\uc77c\ubaa8\ub4dc\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc0c9\ubd84\uc0b0\u00b7\ud3b8\uad11\ubaa8\ub4dc\ubd84\uc0b0\uc740 \ub0a8\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n  <h3>2.5 \uad11\uc12c\uc720\ub294 \uc804\ub2ec \ub9e4\uccb4\uc778\uac00, \uc13c\uc11c\uc778\uac00?<\/h3>\n  <div class=\"ch8-table-wrap\"><table>\n    <thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">\ud559\uc2b5 \uc0ac\ub840<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\uac10\uc9c0 \uc694\uc18c<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\uad11\uc12c\uc720 \uc5ed\ud560<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n    <tbody><tr><td>Fabry\u2013Perot \uc628\ub3c4<\/td><td>\uc0ac\ud30c\uc774\uc5b4 \ub514\uc2a4\ud06c<\/td><td>\uc785\uc0ac\uad11\u00b7\ubc18\uc0ac\uad11 \uc804\ub2ec<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\ud615\uad11\uc2dd \uc6a9\uc874\uc0b0\uc18c<\/td><td>\ud615\uad11 \uac10\uc751\uce35<\/td><td>\uc5ec\uae30\uad11\u00b7\ud615\uad11 \uc804\ub2ec<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\ubd84\ud3ec\ud615 \uc544\ud06c \uac80\ucd9c<\/td><td>\uac10\uad11\uc6a9 \uad11\uc12c\uc720 \uad6c\uac04<\/td><td>\ube5b \uc218\uc9d1\uacfc \uc804\ub2ec<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n  <\/table><\/div>\n  <p>\uc628\ub3c4 \uce21\uc815\uc740 <strong>T \u2192 n(T), \u2113(T) \u2192 n\u2113 \u2192 \uac04\uc12d \ubcc0\ud654<\/strong>\ub85c \uc5f0\uacb0\ub41c\ub2e4. \uad11\uc12c\uc720\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ud574\uc11c \ud56d\uc0c1 \uad11\uc12c\uc720 \uc790\uccb4\uac00 \uac10\uc9c0 \uc694\uc18c\uc778 \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n  <h3>2.6 \uc804\uccb4 \uc190\uc2e4\uacfc \uacb0\ud568 \uc704\uce58<\/h3>\n  <div class=\"ch8-formula\">A<sub>dB<\/sub> = 10 log<sub>10<\/sub>(P<sub>in<\/sub>\/P<sub>out<\/sub>)<br>d = v<sub>g<\/sub>\u0394t\/2 = c\u0394t\/(2n<sub>g<\/sub>)<\/div>\n  <p>A<sub>dB<\/sub>\ub294 \uc591\uc218\ub85c \ud45c\ud604\ud55c \uc190\uc2e4, \u0394t\ub294 \uc655\ubcf5\uc2dc\uac04, n<sub>g<\/sub>\ub294 \uad70\uad74\uc808\ub960\uc774\ub2e4. \ucd9c\ub825\/\uc785\ub825 \uc804\ub825\ube44\uac00 \u22124 dB\ub77c\uba74 \uc190\uc2e4\uc740 +4 dB\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n  <div class=\"ch8-summary\"><strong>\uad11\uc6d0 + Power Meter: \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub098 \uc190\uc2e4\ub410\ub294\uac00?<\/strong><br>\uae30\uc900\uc744 \uc124\uc815\ud558\uc5ec \uc804\uccb4 \uc0bd\uc785\uc190\uc2e4\uc744 \uce21\uc815\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc785\u00b7\ucd9c\ub825 \uc804\ub825 \ube44\uad50\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c \uc190\uc2e4 \uc704\uce58\ub294 \uad6c\ubd84\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4.<br><br><strong>OTDR: \uc5b4\ub514\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc774\ubca4\ud2b8\uac00 \ub098\ud0c0\ub098\ub294\uac00?<\/strong><br>\uc9e7\uc740 \uad11\ud384\uc2a4 \u2192 \ubc18\uc0ac\u00b7\ud6c4\ubc29\uc0b0\ub780 \u2192 \uc655\ubcf5\uc2dc\uac04 \u2192 \uac70\ub9ac. \ubc18\uc0ac \ud53c\ud06c\u00b7\uc190\uc2e4 \ub2e8\ucc28\u00b7\uc885\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c \uc811\uc18d\ubd80\ub098 \ub2e8\uc120 \ub4f1\uc758 \ud6c4\ubcf4\ub97c \ucd94\uc815\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc0ac\uac01\uc9c0\ub300\uc640 \uacf5\uac04 \ubd84\ud574\ub2a5 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc6d0\uc778\uc744 \ub2e8\uc815\ud560 \uc218\ub294 \uc5c6\ub2e4.<\/div>\n\n  <h2>3. \uc2a4\ud1a0\ub9ac\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \ub0b4\uc6a9 \uc815\ub9ac<\/h2>\n  <h3>\u2460 \uba3c\uc800, \uc2e0\ud638\uac00 \uc9c0\ub098\uac08 \uae38\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e0\ub2e4<\/h3>\n  <p>\ud604\uc7a5 \uacc4\uce21\uae30\uc5d0\uc11c \uc81c\uc5b4\ubc18\uae4c\uc9c0 Tray\ub85c \uc9c0\uc9c0\ud558\uace0, Conduit\ub85c \ubcf4\ud638\ud558\uba70, Duct\ub85c \uc815\ub9ac\ud55c\ub2e4. \ubc30\uc120 \uc815\ub3c8\uc131\uc740 \uc678\uad00\ubfd0 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc810\uac80\uc131\u00b7\uc624\uacb0\uc120 \uc608\ubc29\u00b7\uc7a5\uae30 \uc2e0\ub8b0\uc131\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uc870\uac74\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n  <h3>\u2461 \uae38\uc774 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc9c0\uba74, \uc8fc\ubcc0 \ub178\uc774\uc988\ub97c \uc904\uc778\ub2e4<\/h3>\n  <p>VFD\u00b7\uc804\ub825\uc120\uc758 \ube60\ub978 \uc804\uc555\u00b7\uc804\ub958 \ubcc0\ud654\uac00 \uacc4\uc7a5 \uc2e0\ud638\uc5d0 \uacb0\ud569\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc815\uc804\uacb0\ud569\uc5d0\ub294 \ucc28\ud3d0, \uc720\ub3c4\uacb0\ud569\uc5d0\ub294 \uaf2c\uc784\uc30d\uc744 \uc911\uc2ec\uc73c\ub85c \ub300\ucc45\uc744 \uc138\uc6b0\uace0 \uc774\uaca9\uacfc \uc811\uc18d \uc0c1\ud0dc\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud655\uc778\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n  <h3>\u2462 \uc2e0\ud638\uac00 \ube68\ub77c\uc9c0\uba74, \ucf00\uc774\ube14\uc744 \uc804\uc1a1\uc120\ub85c\ub85c \ubcf8\ub2e4<\/h3>\n  <p>\ub290\ub9ac\uac8c \ubcc0\ud558\ub294 \uc544\ub0a0\ub85c\uadf8 \uc2e0\ud638\uc640 \ub2ec\ub9ac, \uc9e7\uc740 \uc0c1\uc2b9\uc2dc\uac04\uc758 \uc2e0\ud638\ub294 \uc120\ub85c \uc704\uce58\ub9c8\ub2e4 \uc804\uc555\uc774 \ub2ec\ub77c\uc9c8 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \ubc18\uc0ac\ub85c \uc778\ud55c \ub9c1\uc789\u00b7\uc624\ubc84\uc288\ud2b8\u00b7\uc624\uac80\ucd9c\uc744 \ud574\ub2f9 \ud1b5\uc2e0 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc758 \uc885\ub2e8\uacfc \ubc30\uc120 \uad6c\uc870\ub85c \uad00\ub9ac\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n  <h3>\u2463 \uc804\uae30\uc801 \uc5f0\uacb0\uc758 \ubd80\ub2f4\uc744 \uc904\uc774\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ube5b\uc744 \uc4f4\ub2e4<\/h3>\n  <p>\uad11\uc2e0\ud638 \uacbd\ub85c\ub294 EMI \ub0b4\uc131\uc774 \ub192\uace0 \ub5a8\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uc7a5\uce58 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \ub3c4\uc804 \uacbd\ub85c\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc544 \uc811\uc9c0 \uc804\uc704\ucc28\uac00 \uc788\ub294 \uad6c\uac04\uc5d0 \uc720\ub9ac\ud558\ub2e4. \uae08\uc18d \uc678\uc7a5\u00b7\ubcf4\uac15\uc7ac\uac00 \uc788\ub294 \ucf00\uc774\ube14\uc740 \uae08\uc18d\ubd80\uc758 \uc804\uae30\uc801 \uc5f0\uacb0\uc744 \ubcc4\ub3c4\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n  <h3>\u2464 \ube5b\uc740 \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \uc6b4\ubc18\ud558\uace0, \uce21\uc815\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc4f0\uc778\ub2e4<\/h3>\n  <p>\uc0ac\ud30c\uc774\uc5b4\uc758 \uad11\ud559\uc801 \ub450\uaed8\ub85c \uc628\ub3c4\ub97c, \ud615\uad11 \uc18c\uad11\uc73c\ub85c \uc6a9\uc874\uc0b0\uc18c\ub97c \uce21\uc815\ud55c\ub2e4. \ubd84\ud3ec\ud615 \uc544\ud06c \uac80\ucd9c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uad11\uc12c\uc720 \uad6c\uac04\uc774 \uc9c1\uc811 \ube5b\uc744 \ubaa8\uc740\ub2e4. <strong>\uce21\uc815\ub7c9 \u2192 \uad11\ud559\uc801 \ubcc0\ud654 \u2192 \uac10\uc9c0 \uc694\uc18c \u2192 \uc2e0\ud638 \uc804\ub2ec<\/strong> \uc21c\uc11c\ub85c \uc124\uba85\ud558\uba74 \uba85\ud655\ud558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n  <h3>\u2465 \uad11\uc804\uc1a1\ub3c4 \uc2dc\ud5d8\uc73c\ub85c \ub9c8\ubb34\ub9ac\ud55c\ub2e4<\/h3>\n  <p>\ub2e4\uc911\ubaa8\ub4dc\uc758 \ud384\uc2a4 \ud37c\uc9d0\uc740 \uad74\uc808\ub960 \ubd84\ud3ec\ub97c \uc870\uc808\ud558\uac70\ub098 \ub2e8\uc77c\ubaa8\ub4dc\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc904\uc778\ub2e4. \uc124\uce58 \ud6c4 \uad11\uc190\uc2e4 \uc2dc\ud5d8\uc73c\ub85c \ub9c1\ud06c \uc131\ub2a5\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud558\uace0 OTDR\ub85c \uc774\ubca4\ud2b8 \uc704\uce58\ub97c \uc870\uc0ac\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n  <div class=\"ch8-summary\"><strong>\uae30\uc220\uc0ac \ub2f5\uc548\uc6a9 \uc555\ucd95 \uc815\ub9ac<\/strong><br>\uae30\uacc4\uc801 \ubcf4\ud638 \u2192 EMI \uc5b5\uc81c \u2192 \uc804\uc1a1\uc120\ub85c \uc815\ud569 \u2192 \uad11\uc804\uc1a1\u00b7\uc13c\uc2f1 \u2192 \uc2dc\ud5d8\u00b7\uc9c4\ub2e8.<br>\uac01 \ub2e8\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c <strong>\ubb38\uc81c \uc6d0\uc778, \uc791\ub3d9 \uc6d0\ub9ac, \ub300\ucc45, \ud655\uc778 \ubc29\ubc95<\/strong>\uc744 \uc5f0\uacb0\ud558\uc5ec \uc2e0\ub8b0\uc131 \ud655\ubcf4 \ubc29\uc548\uc744 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/div>\n  <p class=\"ch8-small\">\uae30\uc874 Chapter 8 \ud559\uc2b5 \ub300\ud654\uc758 \ube14\ub85c\uadf8 \uc694\uc57d\uc744 \uc7ac\uad6c\uc131\ud55c \uac1c\ub150 \ub178\ud2b8.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Lessons_In_Industrial_Instrumentation-1.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px\" aria-label=\"Lessons_In_Industrial_Instrumentation-1\uc758 \uc0bd\uc785.\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-9e6c8db0-ad4c-484e-970f-95520d985c5d\" href=\"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Lessons_In_Industrial_Instrumentation-1.pdf\">Lessons_In_Industrial_Instrumentation-1<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Lessons_In_Industrial_Instrumentation-1.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-9e6c8db0-ad4c-484e-970f-95520d985c5d\">\ub2e4\uc6b4\ub85c\ub4dc<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>% !TeX program = xelatex\n% Overleaf: Settings > Compiler > XeLaTeX\n% UTF-8. No external images, fonts, or bibliography files required.\n\\documentclass&#91;11pt,a4paper]{article}\n\\usepackage{iftex}\n\\ifXeTeX\\else\n  \\PackageError{chapter8}{Please select XeLaTeX}{This document requires XeLaTeX.}\n\\fi\n\\usepackage{kotex}\n\\usepackage&#91;margin=22mm]{geometry}\n\\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb}\n\\usepackage{array,booktabs,tabularx}\n\\usepackage{xcolor}\n\\usepackage{enumitem}\n\\usepackage&#91;most]{tcolorbox}\n\\usepackage{hyperref}\n\\definecolor{ink}{HTML}{244A73}\n\\definecolor{pale}{HTML}{EEF4FA}\n\\hypersetup{unicode=true,colorlinks=true,linkcolor=ink,urlcolor=ink,\n  pdftitle={Chapter 8. Instrument Connections},pdfauthor={}}\n\\setlength{\\parindent}{0pt}\n\\setlength{\\parskip}{0.4em}\n\\setlength{\\emergencystretch}{2em}\n\\renewcommand{\\arraystretch}{1.2}\n\\setlist&#91;itemize]{leftmargin=1.5em,itemsep=0.15em,topsep=0.2em}\n\\newcolumntype{Y}{>{\\raggedright\\arraybackslash}X}\n\\newtcolorbox{keybox}&#91;1]{breakable,colback=pale,colframe=ink,\n  fonttitle=\\bfseries,title={#1},boxrule=0.6pt,arc=1mm,\n  left=3mm,right=3mm,top=2mm,bottom=2mm}\n\\newcommand{\\term}&#91;2]{\\textbf{#1}\\enspace #2\\par}\n\\title{\\textbf{Chapter 8. Instrument Connections}\\\\&#91;0.4em]\n  \\large \uc0b0\uc5c5\uacc4\uce21 \ubc30\uc120\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec: \uc124\uce58\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2dc\ud5d8\u00b7\uc9c4\ub2e8\uae4c\uc9c0}\n\\author{\uc0b0\uc5c5\uacc4\uce21\uc81c\uc5b4\uae30\uc220\uc0ac \ud559\uc2b5\uc6a9 \ube14\ub85c\uadf8 \ub178\ud2b8}\n\\date{}\n\n\\begin{document}\n\\maketitle\n\\vspace{-1.5em}\n\\begin{keybox}{\uc774 \uc7a5\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec}\n\uacc4\uce21 \uc2e0\ud638\uc758 \uc2e0\ub8b0\uc131\uc740 \uc13c\uc11c \uc815\ud655\ub3c4\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c \uacb0\uc815\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4.\n\\textbf{\ubc30\uc120 \ubcf4\ud638, \ub178\uc774\uc988 \uc5b5\uc81c, \ubc18\uc0ac \uad00\ub9ac, \uad11\uc804\uc1a1 \ud488\uc9c8, \uc2dc\ud5d8\u00b7\uc9c4\ub2e8}\uc744\n\ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc5f0\uacb0 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc73c\ub85c \uc124\uacc4\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.\n\\end{keybox}\n\n\\section{\uc6a9\uc5b4 \uc815\uc758}\n\\subsection{\ubc30\uc120\uacfc \uae30\uacc4\uc801 \ubcf4\ud638}\n\\begin{tabularx}{\\linewidth}{@{}p{0.29\\linewidth}Y@{}}\n\\toprule\n\\textbf{\uc6a9\uc5b4} &amp; \\textbf{\uc815\uc758\uc640 \uc6a9\ub3c4} \\\\\n\\midrule\nCable (\ucf00\uc774\ube14) &amp; \ub3c4\uccb4\uc640 \uc808\uc5f0\uccb4\u00b7\uc678\ud53c \ub4f1\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ub41c \uc2e0\ud638\u00b7\uc804\ub825 \uc804\ub2ec \ub9e4\uccb4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c\ub294 \uc804\uae30 \ucf00\uc774\ube14\uc744 \ub73b\ud55c\ub2e4. \\\\\nConduit (\uc804\uc120\uad00) &amp; \uc804\uc120\u00b7\ucf00\uc774\ube14\uc744 \ub0b4\ubd80\uc5d0 \uc218\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ucda9\uaca9 \ub4f1\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ubcf4\ud638\ud558\ub294 \uad00. \\\\\nMetal \/ PVC Conduit &amp; \uae08\uc18d\uad00\uc740 \uc801\uc808\ud55c \ubcf8\ub529\u00b7\uc811\uc9c0 \uc2dc \ucc28\ud3d0\uc640 \uc811\uc9c0 \uacbd\ub85c\uc5d0 \uae30\uc5ec\ud55c\ub2e4. PVC\uad00\uc740 \ub0b4\uc2dd\uc131\uc774 \uc88b\uc9c0\ub9cc \ub3c4\uc804\uc131 \ucc28\ud3d0\u00b7\uc811\uc9c0 \uacbd\ub85c\ub294 \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4. \\\\\nCable Tray &amp; \ub2e4\uc218\uc758 \ucf00\uc774\ube14\uc744 \uc9c0\uc9c0\ud558\uace0 \ud3ec\uc124 \uacbd\ub85c\ub97c \ud615\uc131\ud558\ub294 \uad6c\uc870\ubb3c. \\\\\nWire Duct &amp; \uc81c\uc5b4\ubc18 \ub0b4\ubd80\uc758 \uace0\uc815 \ubc30\uc120\uc744 \uc815\ub9ac\ud558\uace0 \ubcf4\ud638\ud558\ub294 \ucc44\ub110. \\\\\nWire Loom &amp; \uc804\uc120\uc744 \ubb36\uace0 \ubcf4\ud638\ud558\ub294 \uc720\uc5f0\ud55c \uc2ac\ub9ac\ube0c\u00b7\ub098\uc120\ud615 \ubcf4\ud638\uc7ac \ub4f1. \uac00\ub3d9\ubd80\ub294 \ubcc4\ub3c4\ub85c \ucf00\uc774\ube14\uc758 \uad74\uace1 \uc218\uba85\uacfc \uc5ec\uc720 \uae38\uc774\ub97c \uace0\ub824\ud55c\ub2e4. \\\\\n\\bottomrule\n\\end{tabularx}\n\n\\subsection{\ub178\uc774\uc988\uc640 \uc804\uc1a1\uc120\ub85c}\n\\term{\uc815\uc804\uacb0\ud569 (Capacitive Coupling)}{\ub3c4\uccb4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uae30\uc0dd \uc815\uc804\uc6a9\ub7c9\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc804\uc555 \ubcc0\ud654\uac00 \uc7a1\uc74c \uc804\ub958\ub85c \uacb0\ud569\ud558\ub294 \ud604\uc0c1.}\n\\term{\uc720\ub3c4\uacb0\ud569 (Inductive Coupling)}{\uc2e0\ud638\uc120 \ub8e8\ud504\ub97c \ud1b5\uacfc\ud558\ub294 \uc790\uc18d\uc774 \ubcc0\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc720\ub3c4\uc804\uc555\uc774 \uc0dd\uae30\ub294 \ud604\uc0c1.}\n\\term{\ucc28\ud3d0 (Shield)}{\ub3c4\uc804\uc131 \uc678\ud53c\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc804\uae30\uc7a5 \uacb0\ud569 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc904\uc774\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95. \ud6a8\uacfc\ub294 \uc811\uc18d \ubc29\uc2dd\uacfc \uc8fc\ud30c\uc218\uc5d0 \uc88c\uc6b0\ub41c\ub2e4.}\n\\term{\uaf2c\uc784\uc30d (Twisted Pair)}{\ub450 \uc120\uc744 \uaf2c\uc544 \uc720\ud6a8 \ub8e8\ud504 \uba74\uc801\uacfc \uc678\ubd80 \uc790\uae30\uc7a5\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \ucc28\ub3d9 \uc7a1\uc74c\uc758 \ub204\uc801\uc744 \uc904\uc774\ub294 \uad6c\uc870.}\n\\term{\uc9d1\uc911\uc815\uc218 \/ \ubd84\ud3ec\uc815\uc218 \ubaa8\ub378}{\uc804\ud30c \uc9c0\uc5f0\uc744 \ubb34\uc2dc\ud558\ub294 \ud68c\ub85c \ubaa8\ub378 \/ \uc120\ub85c\ub97c \ub530\ub77c \ubd84\ud3ec\ud55c \uc800\ud56d\u00b7\uc778\ub355\ud134\uc2a4\u00b7\uc815\uc804\uc6a9\ub7c9\u00b7\ucee8\ub355\ud134\uc2a4\ub97c \uace0\ub824\ud558\ub294 \ubaa8\ub378.}\n\\term{\ud2b9\uc131 \uc784\ud53c\ub358\uc2a4 $Z_0$}{\uc120\ub85c\uc5d0\uc11c \ud55c \ubc29\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c \uc9c4\ud589\ud558\ub294 \uc804\uc555\ud30c\uc640 \uc804\ub958\ud30c\uc758 \ube44. \ucf00\uc774\ube14\uc758 \uc9c1\ub958 \uc800\ud56d\uacfc \uad6c\ubcc4\ud55c\ub2e4.}\n\\term{\uc885\ub2e8 (Termination)}{\uc120\ub85c \ub05d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc801\uc808\ud55c \uc784\ud53c\ub358\uc2a4\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\uc5ec \ubc18\uc0ac\ub97c \uc5b5\uc81c\ud558\ub294 \ucc98\ub9ac.}\n\\term{HART \/ Fieldbus}{HART\ub294 \uae30\uc874 \uc544\ub0a0\ub85c\uadf8 \uacc4\uc7a5 \ub8e8\ud504\uc5d0 \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \ud1b5\uc2e0\uc744 \uc911\ucca9\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc774\ub2e4. Fieldbus\ub294 \ud604\uc7a5 \uc7a5\uce58\uc758 \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \ud1b5\uc2e0\ub9dd\uc744 \uac00\ub9ac\ud0a4\uba70, \ubc30\uc120\u00b7\uc885\ub2e8 \uc870\uac74\uc740 \ubb3c\ub9ac\uacc4\uce35\ubcc4\ub85c \ub2e4\ub974\ub2e4.}\n\n\\subsection{\uad11\uc12c\uc720\uc640 \uad11\uacc4\uce21}\n\\term{Optical Fiber \/ Galvanic Isolation}{\ube5b\uc744 \uc720\ub3c4\ud558\uc5ec \uc804\ub2ec\ud558\ub294 \uad11\uc12c\uc720 \/ \ud68c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \uc9c1\uc811\uc801\uc778 \ub3c4\uc804 \uacbd\ub85c\uac00 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc804\uae30\uc801 \uc808\uc5f0. \uad11\uc804\uc1a1 \uacbd\ub85c\ub294 \uc811\uc9c0 \uc804\uc704\ucc28\uc758 \uc804\ub2ec\uc744 \ud53c\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.}\n\\term{Multimode \/ Modal Dispersion}{\uc5ec\ub7ec \uc804\ud30c \ubaa8\ub4dc\ub97c \ud5c8\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uad11\uc12c\uc720 \/ \ubaa8\ub4dc\ubcc4 \ub3c4\ucc29\uc2dc\uac04 \ucc28\uc774\ub85c \ud384\uc2a4\uac00 \ub113\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \ud604\uc0c1. \ubaa8\ub4dc\ub294 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud55c \uc120 \ud558\ub098\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ud5c8\uc6a9\ub41c \uc804\uc790\uae30\uc7a5 \ubd84\ud3ec\uc774\ub2e4.}\n\\term{Graded-index \/ Single-mode}{\ucf54\uc5b4\uc758 \uad74\uc808\ub960\uc744 \ubc18\uacbd\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ubcc0\ud654\uc2dc\ucf1c \ubaa8\ub4dc \uac04 \uc9c0\uc5f0 \ucc28\uc774\ub97c \uc904\uc774\ub294 \uad6c\uc870 \/ \uc0ac\uc6a9 \ud30c\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uacf5\uac04 \ubaa8\ub4dc\ub9cc \uc804\ud30c\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uc124\uacc4\ud55c \uad11\uc12c\uc720.}\n\\term{Fabry--Perot Interferometry}{\ub450 \ubc18\uc0ac\uba74 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \ub2e4\uc911 \ubc18\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uac04\uc12d\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uce21\uc815 \uc6d0\ub9ac. \ud559\uc2b5 \uc0ac\ub840\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc0ac\ud30c\uc774\uc5b4\uc758 \uad11\ud559\uc801 \ub450\uaed8 \ubcc0\ud654\ub97c \uc628\ub3c4\ub85c \ud658\uc0b0\ud55c\ub2e4.}\n\\term{Fluorescence Quenching}{\uc0b0\uc18c \ub4f1 \uc18c\uad11 \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \ud615\uad11\uc758 \uc138\uae30\ub098 \uc218\uba85\uc774 \uac10\uc18c\ud558\ub294 \ud604\uc0c1. \uc6a9\uc874\uc0b0\uc18c(DO) \uce21\uc815\uc5d0 \uc774\uc6a9\ud55c\ub2e4.}\n\\term{Arc Flash Detection}{\uc544\ud06c\uc758 \uac15\ud55c \ube5b\uc744 \uac80\ucd9c\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd. \ubd84\ud3ec\ud615 \uad11\uc12c\uc720 \uc13c\uc11c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uac10\uad11 \uad6c\uac04\uc758 \uad11\uc12c\uc720\uac00 \ube5b \uc218\uc9d1\uacfc \uc804\ub2ec\uc744 \ub2f4\ub2f9\ud55c\ub2e4.}\n\\term{\uad11\uc190\uc2e4 \uc2dc\ud5d8 \/ OTDR}{\uad11\uc6d0\uacfc \ud30c\uc6cc\ubbf8\ud130\ub85c \ub9c1\ud06c \uc804\uccb4 \uc190\uc2e4\uc744 \uce21\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uc2dc\ud5d8 \/ \uad11\ud384\uc2a4\uc758 \ud6c4\ubc29\uc0b0\ub780\u00b7\ubc18\uc0ac\ub97c \uc2dc\uac04\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ubd84\uc11d\ud558\ub294 \uad11 \uc2dc\uac04\uc601\uc5ed \ubc18\uc0ac\uacc4.}\n\n\\section{\uc6a9\uc5b4 \uac04 \uad00\uacc4}\n\\subsection{\uc124\uce58 \uc704\uce58\uc640 \ubcf4\ud638 \uc218\ub2e8}\n\ub300\ud45c\uc801\uc778 \uc5f0\uacb0 \uacbd\ub85c\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\ub2e4. \uc2e4\uc81c \ubc30\uce58\uc640 \ubcf4\ud638 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc740 \uc124\uce58 \ud658\uacbd\uc5d0 \ub9de\ucd98\ub2e4.\n\\begin{keybox}{\ubc30\uc120\uc758 \ud750\ub984}\n\uc81c\uc5b4\ubc18 \ub0b4\ubd80\uc758 Wire Duct $\\rightarrow$ \ub2e8\uc790\ub300 $\\rightarrow$\n\uc7a5\uac70\ub9ac \uacbd\ub85c\uc758 Cable Tray $\\rightarrow$ \ud604\uc7a5 \uc778\uc785\ubd80\uc758 Conduit\n$\\rightarrow$ \uacc4\uce21\uae30.\\par\n\ubb38 \ub4f1 \uac00\ub3d9\ubd80\uc5d0\ub294 \uc720\uc5f0\ud55c \ubcf4\ud638\uc7ac\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \uad74\uace1\u00b7\uc778\uc7a5\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub300\ucc45\uc744 \uc801\uc6a9\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\\end{keybox}\n\n\\subsection{\ub178\uc774\uc988\uc758 \ubc1c\uc0dd \uc6d0\uc778\uacfc \uc5b5\uc81c \uc6d0\ub9ac}\n\\begin{align*}\n i_n &amp;= C_m\\frac{dV}{dt}\n &amp; &amp;\\text{\uc815\uc804\uacb0\ud569: \uc804\uc555 \ubcc0\ud654\uc640 \uc0c1\ud638 \uc815\uc804\uc6a9\ub7c9}\\\\\n e_n &amp;= -\\frac{d\\Phi}{dt}\n &amp; &amp;\\text{\uc720\ub3c4\uacb0\ud569: \ub8e8\ud504\ub97c \uad00\ud1b5\ud558\ub294 \uc790\uc18d \ubcc0\ud654}\n\\end{align*}\n$C_m$\uc740 \uacb0\ud569 \uc815\uc804\uc6a9\ub7c9, $\\Phi$\ub294 \uc2e0\ud638\uc120 \ub8e8\ud504\uc758 \uc790\uc18d\uc774\ub2e4.\n\\begin{tabularx}{\\linewidth}{@{}lll@{}}\n\\toprule\n\\textbf{\uc8fc\uc694 \uacb0\ud569} &amp; \\textbf{\ub300\ud45c \ub300\ucc45} &amp; \\textbf{\uc5b5\uc81c \uc6d0\ub9ac} \\\\\n\\midrule\n\uc804\uae30\uc7a5\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uc815\uc804\uacb0\ud569 &amp; Shield &amp; \uc804\uae30\uc7a5 \uacb0\ud569 \uac10\uc18c \\\\\n\uc790\uae30\uc7a5\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uc720\ub3c4\uacb0\ud569 &amp; Twisted Pair &amp; \ub8e8\ud504 \uba74\uc801 \uac10\uc18c\u00b7\uc720\ub3c4\uc804\uc555 \uc0c1\uc1c4 \\\\\n\\bottomrule\n\\end{tabularx}\n\\par\n\ub450 \ub300\ucc45\uc744 \uacb0\ud569\ud55c \\textbf{Twisted Shielded Pair}\uac00 \uacc4\uc7a5 \ubc30\uc120\uc5d0 \ub110\ub9ac \uc4f0\uc778\ub2e4.\n\uc804\ub825\uc120\uacfc\uc758 \uc774\uaca9, \ubc30\uc120 \uacbd\ub85c, \ubcf8\ub529\ub3c4 \ud568\uaed8 \uace0\ub824\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\ucc28\ud3d0 \uc811\uc9c0\ub97c \ubb34\uc870\uac74 \ud55c \uc810 \ub610\ub294 \uc591\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\uc815\ud574\uc11c \uc554\uae30\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4.\n\n\\subsection{\uc804\ud30c\uc2dc\uac04, \ubc18\uc0ac, \uc885\ub2e8}\n\\&#91;\n t_d=\\frac{L}{v},\\qquad\n t_d\\ll t_r\\;\\Rightarrow\\;\\text{\uc9d1\uc911\uc815\uc218 \uadfc\uc0ac},\\qquad\n t_d\\sim t_r\\;\\Rightarrow\\;\\text{\uc804\uc1a1\uc120\ub85c \ud6a8\uacfc \uc911\uc694}\n\\]\n$L$\uc740 \uc120\ub85c \uae38\uc774, $v$\ub294 \uc804\ud30c\uc18d\ub3c4, $t_r$\uc740 \uc2e0\ud638 \uc0c1\uc2b9\uc2dc\uac04\uc774\ub2e4.\n\ud310\ub2e8 \uae30\uc900\uc740 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc18d\ub3c4\ub9cc\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \\textbf{\uc2e4\uc81c \uc2e0\ud638 \ubcc0\ud654\uc2dc\uac04\uacfc \uc120\ub85c \uc9c0\uc5f0\uc758 \ube44}\uc774\ub2e4.\n\uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4 $L=100\\,\\mathrm{m}$, $v=2\\times10^8\\,\\mathrm{m\/s}$\uc774\uba74\n\ud3b8\ub3c4 \uc9c0\uc5f0\uc740 $0.5\\,\\mu\\mathrm{s}$\uc774\ub2e4.\n\\&#91;\n \\Gamma_V=\\frac{V_r}{V_i}=\\frac{Z_L-Z_0}{Z_L+Z_0}\n\\]\n\\begin{center}\n\\begin{tabular}{llll}\n\\toprule\n\uc885\ub2e8 \uc0c1\ud0dc &amp; \ubd80\ud558 $Z_L$ &amp; $\\Gamma_V$ &amp; \uc804\uc555 \ubc18\uc0ac\ud30c \\\\\n\\midrule\n\uc815\ud569 &amp; $Z_0$ &amp; $0$ &amp; \uc5c6\uc74c \\\\\n\uac1c\ubc29 &amp; $\\infty$ &amp; $+1$ &amp; \uac19\uc740 \uadf9\uc131 \\\\\n\ub2e8\ub77d &amp; $0$ &amp; $-1$ &amp; \ubc18\ub300 \uadf9\uc131 \\\\\n\\bottomrule\n\\end{tabular}\n\\end{center}\n\\begin{keybox}{HART\uc640 \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \ubc84\uc2a4\uc758 \uc5f0\uacb0}\nHART\ub294 \ube44\uad50\uc801 \ub290\ub9b0 \uc2e0\ud638 \ubcc0\ud654\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \uacc4\uc7a5 \ubc30\uc120\uc5d0\uc11c \uc804\ud30c \uc9c0\uc5f0\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\uc774 \uc791\ub2e4.\n\ub2e4\ub9cc \ub8e8\ud504 \uc784\ud53c\ub358\uc2a4\uc640 \ucf00\uc774\ube14 \uc815\uc804\uc6a9\ub7c9 \ub4f1\uc758 \uc870\uac74\uc740 \ucda9\uc871\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.\n\uc804\uc1a1\uc120\ub85c \ud6a8\uacfc\uac00 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \ubc84\uc2a4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uaddc\uc815\ub41c \ucf00\uc774\ube14\uacfc \uc885\ub2e8 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ubc18\uc0ac\ub97c \uc5b5\uc81c\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\\textbf{\ub290\ub9b0 \uc2e0\ud638\ub780 \uc804\ud30c\uc18d\ub3c4\uac00 \ub290\ub9ac\ub2e4\ub294 \ub73b\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4.}\n\\end{keybox}\n\n\\subsection{\uad11\uc12c\uc720\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4dc\uc640 \ubd84\uc0b0}\n\\begin{tabularx}{\\linewidth}{@{}p{0.27\\linewidth}YY@{}}\n\\toprule\n\\textbf{\uad6c\ubd84} &amp; \\textbf{\ub3c4\ucc29\uc2dc\uac04 \ucc28\uc774\uc758 \uc6d0\ub9ac} &amp; \\textbf{\ubaa8\ub4dc \ubd84\uc0b0} \\\\\n\\midrule\nStep-index multimode &amp; \uade0\uc77c\ud55c \ucf54\uc5b4 \uad74\uc808\ub960\uc5d0\uc11c \ubaa8\ub4dc\ubcc4 \uacbd\ub85c \ucc28\uc774\uac00 \uc9c0\uc5f0 \ucc28\uc774\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e0\ub2e4. &amp; \uc0c1\ub300\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud07c \\\\\nGraded-index multimode &amp; \uc678\uacfd\uc758 \ub0ae\uc740 \uad74\uc808\ub960\ub85c \uc18d\ub3c4\ub97c \ub192\uc5ec \uae34 \uacbd\ub85c\uc758 \uc9c0\uc5f0\uc744 \ubcf4\uc0c1\ud55c\ub2e4. &amp; \uac10\uc18c\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc794\ub958 \uac00\ub2a5 \\\\\nSingle-mode &amp; \uc5ec\ub7ec \uacf5\uac04 \ubaa8\ub4dc \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uc9c0\uc5f0 \ucc28\uc774 \uc790\uccb4\ub97c \uc5c6\uc564\ub2e4. &amp; \ubaa8\ub4dc \uac04 \ubd84\uc0b0 \uc5c6\uc74c \\\\\n\\bottomrule\n\\end{tabularx}\n\\&#91;\n v\\approx\\frac{c}{n},\\qquad\n \\text{\uad74\uc808\ub960 \ubd84\ud3ec \uc870\uc808}\\;\\Rightarrow\\;\\text{\ubaa8\ub4dc\ubcc4 \ub3c4\ucc29\uc2dc\uac04 \ucc28\uc774 \uac10\uc18c}\n\\]\n\uc774\ub294 \uae30\ud558\uad11\ud559\uc801 \uc9c1\uad00\uc774\ub2e4. \uc815\ud655\ud55c \ud384\uc2a4 \uc9c0\uc5f0\uc740 \uad70\uc18d\ub3c4\ub85c \ud574\uc11d\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\\textbf{\ub2e8\uc77c\ubaa8\ub4dc\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc0c9\ubd84\uc0b0\u00b7\ud3b8\uad11\ubaa8\ub4dc\ubd84\uc0b0\uc740 \ub0a8\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.}\n\n\\subsection{\uad11\uc12c\uc720: \uc804\ub2ec \ub9e4\uccb4\uc778\uac00, \uc13c\uc11c\uc778\uac00?}\n\\begin{tabularx}{\\linewidth}{@{}p{0.25\\linewidth}YY@{}}\n\\toprule\n\\textbf{\ud559\uc2b5 \uc0ac\ub840} &amp; \\textbf{\uc2e4\uc81c \uac10\uc9c0 \uc694\uc18c} &amp; \\textbf{\uad11\uc12c\uc720\uc758 \uc5ed\ud560} \\\\\n\\midrule\nFabry--Perot \uc628\ub3c4 &amp; \uc0ac\ud30c\uc774\uc5b4 \ub514\uc2a4\ud06c &amp; \uc785\uc0ac\uad11\u00b7\ubc18\uc0ac\uad11 \uc804\ub2ec \\\\\n\ud615\uad11\uc2dd \uc6a9\uc874\uc0b0\uc18c &amp; \ud615\uad11 \uac10\uc751\uce35 &amp; \uc5ec\uae30\uad11\u00b7\ud615\uad11 \uc804\ub2ec \\\\\n\ubd84\ud3ec\ud615 \uc544\ud06c \uac80\ucd9c &amp; \uac10\uad11\uc6a9 \uad11\uc12c\uc720 \uad6c\uac04 &amp; \ube5b \uc218\uc9d1\uacfc \uc804\ub2ec \\\\\n\\bottomrule\n\\end{tabularx}\n\\par\n\uc628\ub3c4 \uce21\uc815\uc758 \uc778\uacfc\uad00\uacc4\ub294\n$T\\rightarrow n(T),\\,\\ell(T)\\rightarrow n\\ell\\rightarrow\\text{\uac04\uc12d \ubcc0\ud654}$\uc774\ub2e4.\n\uc989, \uad11\uc12c\uc720\uac00 \uc4f0\uc600\ub2e4\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c \uad11\uc12c\uc720 \uc790\uccb4\uac00 \uac10\uc9c0 \uc694\uc18c\ub77c\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\uba74 \uc548 \ub41c\ub2e4.\n\n\\subsection{\uc804\uccb4 \uc190\uc2e4\uacfc \uacb0\ud568 \uc704\uce58}\n\\&#91;\n A_{\\mathrm{dB}}=10\\log_{10}\\!\\left(\\frac{P_{\\mathrm{in}}}{P_{\\mathrm{out}}}\\right),\n \\qquad d=\\frac{v_g\\Delta t}{2}=\\frac{c\\Delta t}{2n_g}\n\\]\n$A_{\\mathrm{dB}}$\ub294 \uc591\uc218\ub85c \ud45c\ud604\ud55c \uc190\uc2e4, $\\Delta t$\ub294 \uc655\ubcf5\uc2dc\uac04,\n$n_g$\ub294 \uad70\uad74\uc808\ub960\uc774\ub2e4. \uad11\uc6d0\u00b7\ud30c\uc6cc\ubbf8\ud130\ub294 \uae30\uc900\uc744 \uc124\uc815\ud558\uc5ec \uc804\uccb4 \uc0bd\uc785\uc190\uc2e4\uc744 \uce21\uc815\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\ucd9c\ub825\/\uc785\ub825 \uc804\ub825\ube44\uac00 $-4\\,\\mathrm{dB}$\uc774\uba74 \uc190\uc2e4\uc740 $+4\\,\\mathrm{dB}$\uc774\ub2e4.\n\\begin{keybox}{\ub450 \uc2dc\ud5d8\uc758 \uc5ed\ud560}\n\\textbf{\uad11\uc6d0 + Power Meter: \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub098 \uc190\uc2e4\ub410\ub294\uac00?}\\par\n\uc785\u00b7\ucd9c\ub825 \uc804\ub825 \ube44\uad50\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc190\uc2e4 \ubc1c\uc0dd \uc704\uce58\ub97c \uad6c\ubd84\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4.\\par\n\\textbf{OTDR: \uc5b4\ub514\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc774\ubca4\ud2b8\uac00 \ub098\ud0c0\ub098\ub294\uac00?}\\par\n\uc9e7\uc740 \uad11\ud384\uc2a4 $\\rightarrow$ \ubc18\uc0ac\u00b7\ud6c4\ubc29\uc0b0\ub780 $\\rightarrow$ \uc655\ubcf5\uc2dc\uac04 $\\rightarrow$ \uac70\ub9ac.\n\ubc18\uc0ac \ud53c\ud06c\u00b7\uc190\uc2e4 \ub2e8\ucc28\u00b7\uc885\ub2e8 \ub4f1\uc744 \ubd84\uc11d\ud558\uc5ec \uc811\uc18d\ubd80\ub098 \ub2e8\uc120 \ub4f1\uc758 \ud6c4\ubcf4\ub97c \ucd94\uc815\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\uc0ac\uac01\uc9c0\ub300\uc640 \uacf5\uac04 \ubd84\ud574\ub2a5 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uacb0\ud568\uc758 \uc6d0\uc778\uc744 \ub2e8\uc815\ud560 \uc218\ub294 \uc5c6\ub2e4.\n\\end{keybox}\n\n\\section{\uc2a4\ud1a0\ub9ac\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \ub0b4\uc6a9 \uc815\ub9ac}\n\\subsection{\uba3c\uc800, \uc2e0\ud638\uac00 \uc9c0\ub098\uac08 \uae38\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e0\ub2e4}\n\ud604\uc7a5 \uacc4\uce21\uae30\uc5d0\uc11c \uc81c\uc5b4\ubc18\uae4c\uc9c0\uc758 \uc5f0\uacb0\uc740 \uae30\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc548\uc815\uc801\uc774\uc5b4\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.\nTray\ub85c \uc9c0\uc9c0\ud558\uace0, Conduit\ub85c \ubcf4\ud638\ud558\uba70, Duct\ub85c \uc815\ub9ac\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\ubc30\uc120 \uc815\ub3c8\uc131\uc740 \uc678\uad00\ubfd0 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc810\uac80\uc131\u00b7\uc624\uacb0\uc120 \uc608\ubc29\u00b7\uc7a5\uae30 \uc2e0\ub8b0\uc131\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uc870\uac74\uc774\ub2e4.\n\n\\subsection{\uae38\uc774 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc9c0\uba74, \uc8fc\ubcc0 \ub178\uc774\uc988\ub97c \uc904\uc778\ub2e4}\nVFD\uc640 \uc804\ub825\uc120 \uc8fc\ubcc0\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ube60\ub978 \uc804\uc555\u00b7\uc804\ub958 \ubcc0\ud654\uac00 \uacc4\uc7a5 \uc2e0\ud638\uc5d0 \uacb0\ud569\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.\n\uc815\uc804\uacb0\ud569\uc5d0\ub294 \ucc28\ud3d0, \uc720\ub3c4\uacb0\ud569\uc5d0\ub294 \uaf2c\uc784\uc30d\uc744 \uc911\uc2ec\uc73c\ub85c \ub300\ucc45\uc744 \uc138\uc6b0\uace0,\n\uc774\uaca9\uacfc \uc811\uc18d \uc0c1\ud0dc\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud655\uc778\ud55c\ub2e4. \ud575\uc2ec\uc740 \\textbf{\uc7a1\uc74c\uc758 \uc720\uc785 \uacbd\ub85c\ub97c \ub04a\uac70\ub098 \uc57d\ud558\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294 \uac83}\uc774\ub2e4.\n\n\\subsection{\uc2e0\ud638\uac00 \ube68\ub77c\uc9c0\uba74, \ucf00\uc774\ube14\uc744 \uc804\uc1a1\uc120\ub85c\ub85c \ubcf8\ub2e4}\n\ub290\ub9ac\uac8c \ubcc0\ud558\ub294 \uc544\ub0a0\ub85c\uadf8 \uc2e0\ud638\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc804\ud30c \uc9c0\uc5f0\uc744 \ubb34\uc2dc\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc,\n\uc9e7\uc740 \uc0c1\uc2b9\uc2dc\uac04\uc758 \uc2e0\ud638\ub294 \uc120\ub85c \uc704\uce58\ub9c8\ub2e4 \uc804\uc555\uc774 \ub2ec\ub77c\uc9c8 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.\n\uc784\ud53c\ub358\uc2a4 \ubd88\uc5f0\uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0dd\uae34 \ubc18\uc0ac\ub294 \ub9c1\uc789\u00b7\uc624\ubc84\uc288\ud2b8\uc640 \uc624\uac80\ucd9c\uc744 \uc720\ubc1c\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c,\n\ud574\ub2f9 \ud1b5\uc2e0 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc5d0 \ub9de\ub294 \uc885\ub2e8\uacfc \ubc30\uc120 \uad6c\uc870\ub85c \uad00\ub9ac\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\n\\subsection{\uc804\uae30\uc801 \uc5f0\uacb0\uc758 \ubd80\ub2f4\uc744 \uc904\uc774\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ube5b\uc744 \uc4f4\ub2e4}\n\uad11\uc12c\uc720\ub294 \uad11\uc2e0\ud638 \uacbd\ub85c\uc758 EMI \ub0b4\uc131\uc774 \ub192\uace0, \ub5a8\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uc7a5\uce58 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \ub3c4\uc804 \uacbd\ub85c\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4.\n\ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc811\uc9c0 \uc804\uc704\ucc28\uac00 \uc788\ub294 \uad6c\uac04\uc5d0 \uc720\ub9ac\ud558\ub2e4.\n\ub2e8, \uae08\uc18d \uc678\uc7a5\u00b7\ubcf4\uac15\uc7ac\uac00 \uc788\ub294 \ucf00\uc774\ube14\uc740 \uadf8 \uae08\uc18d\ubd80\uc758 \uc804\uae30\uc801 \uc5f0\uacb0\uc744 \ubcc4\ub3c4\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\n\\subsection{\ube5b\uc740 \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \uc6b4\ubc18\ud558\uace0, \uce21\uc815\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc4f0\uc778\ub2e4}\n\uc0ac\ud30c\uc774\uc5b4\uc758 \uad11\ud559\uc801 \ub450\uaed8\ub85c \uc628\ub3c4\ub97c, \ud615\uad11 \uc18c\uad11\uc73c\ub85c \uc6a9\uc874\uc0b0\uc18c\ub97c \uce21\uc815\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.\n\ubd84\ud3ec\ud615 \uc544\ud06c \uac80\ucd9c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uad11\uc12c\uc720 \uad6c\uac04\uc774 \uc9c1\uc811 \ube5b\uc744 \ubaa8\uc740\ub2e4.\n\uc751\uc6a9\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud560 \ub54c\ub294 \\textbf{\uce21\uc815\ub7c9 \u2192 \uad11\ud559\uc801 \ubcc0\ud654 \u2192 \uac10\uc9c0 \uc694\uc18c \u2192 \uc2e0\ud638 \uc804\ub2ec} \uc21c\uc11c\ub85c \uc815\ub9ac\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\n\\subsection{\uad11\uc804\uc1a1\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ud55c\uacc4\uac00 \uc788\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \uc2dc\ud5d8\uc73c\ub85c \ub9c8\ubb34\ub9ac\ud55c\ub2e4}\n\ub2e4\uc911\ubaa8\ub4dc\uc758 \ud384\uc2a4 \ud37c\uc9d0\uc740 \uad74\uc808\ub960 \ubd84\ud3ec\ub97c \uc870\uc808\ud558\uac70\ub098 \ub2e8\uc77c\ubaa8\ub4dc\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc904\uc778\ub2e4.\n\uc124\uce58 \ud6c4\uc5d0\ub294 \uad11\uc190\uc2e4 \uc2dc\ud5d8\uc73c\ub85c \ub9c1\ud06c \uc131\ub2a5\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud558\uace0,\nOTDR\ub85c \uc774\ubca4\ud2b8 \uc704\uce58\ub97c \uc870\uc0ac\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc88b\uc740 \uc5f0\uacb0\uc740 \uc124\uce58\uc640 \uc9c4\ub2e8\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\n\\begin{keybox}{\uae30\uc220\uc0ac \ub2f5\uc548\uc6a9 \uc555\ucd95 \uc815\ub9ac}\n\uacc4\uce21 \uc5f0\uacb0\uc740 \\textbf{\uae30\uacc4\uc801 \ubcf4\ud638 \u2192 EMI \uc5b5\uc81c \u2192 \uc804\uc1a1\uc120\ub85c \uc815\ud569 \u2192 \uad11\uc804\uc1a1\u00b7\uc13c\uc2f1 \u2192 \uc2dc\ud5d8\u00b7\uc9c4\ub2e8}\uc758\n\ud750\ub984\uc73c\ub85c \uc124\uba85\ud55c\ub2e4. \uac01 \ub2e8\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \\textbf{\ubb38\uc81c \uc6d0\uc778, \uc791\ub3d9 \uc6d0\ub9ac, \ub300\ucc45, \ud655\uc778 \ubc29\ubc95}\uc744 \uc5f0\uacb0\ud558\uba74\n\ub2e8\uc21c\ud55c \uc6a9\uc5b4 \ub098\uc5f4\uc744 \ub118\uc5b4 \uc2e0\ub8b0\uc131 \ud655\ubcf4 \ubc29\uc548\uc744 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.\n\\end{keybox}\n\\small\\textcolor{ink}{\uc791\uc131 \ubc94\uc704: \uae30\uc874 Chapter 8 \ud559\uc2b5 \ub300\ud654\uc758 \ube14\ub85c\uadf8 \uc694\uc57d\uc744 \uc7ac\uad6c\uc131\ud55c \uac1c\ub150 \ub178\ud2b8.}\n\\end{document}<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\uc0b0\uc5c5\uacc4\uce21\uc81c\uc5b4\uae30\uc220\uc0ac \u00b7 CHAPTER 8 Instrument Connections\uacc4\uce21 \ubc30\uc120, \uc124\uce58\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2dc\ud5d8\u00b7\uc9c4\ub2e8\uae4c\uc9c0 \uacc4\uce21 \uc2e0\ud638\uc758 \uc2e0\ub8b0\uc131\uc740 \uc13c\uc11c \uc815\ud655\ub3c4\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c \uacb0\uc815\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4. \uc2e0\ud638\uac00 \uc9c0\ub098\uac00\ub294 \uc5f0\uacb0 \uacbd\ub85c\uae4c\uc9c0 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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