Chapter 13: \uc544\ub0a0\ub85c\uadf8 \uc804\uc790\uc2dd \uacc4\uce21 \uc644\ubcbd \uac00\uc774\ub4dc<\/title>\n <style>\n body {\n font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif;\n color: #2c3e50;\n line-height: 1.6;\n margin: 0;\n padding: 20px;\n background-color: #fcfcfc;\n }\n .container {\n max-width: 800px;\n margin: auto;\n background: #ffffff;\n padding: 40px;\n border-radius: 8px;\n box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);\n }\n h1 {\n color: #1a365d;\n font-size: 24pt;\n border-bottom: 3px solid #3182ce;\n padding-bottom: 10px;\n }\n h2 {\n color: #2b6cb0;\n font-size: 16pt;\n margin-top: 30px;\n border-left: 4px solid #3182ce;\n padding-left: 10px;\n }\n table {\n width: 100%;\n border-collapse: collapse;\n margin: 20px 0;\n font-size: 10pt;\n }\n th, td {\n border: 1px solid #cbd5e0;\n padding: 10px 12px;\n text-align: left;\n }\n th {\n background-color: #2b6cb0;\n color: white;\n font-weight: bold;\n }\n tr:nth-child(even) {\n background-color: #f7fafc;\n }\n .callout {\n background-color: #ebf8ff;\n border-left: 4px solid #3182ce;\n padding: 15px;\n margin: 20px 0;\n border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0;\n }\n <\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"container\">\n <h1>Chapter 13: \uc544\ub0a0\ub85c\uadf8 \uc804\uc790\uc2dd \uacc4\uce21 (Analog Electronic Instrumentation)<\/h1>\n <p><em>\uc0b0\uc5c5\uacc4\uce21\uc81c\uc5b4\uae30\uc220\uc0ac \ub300\ube44 \ud575\uc2ec \uc815\ub9ac \ube14\ub85c\uadf8 \ud3ec\uc2a4\ud305 \uc6d0\uace0<\/em><\/p>\n\n <div class=\"callout\">\n <strong>\ud83d\udca1 \ud559\uc2b5 \ubc29\ud5a5:<\/strong> \ub2e8\uc21c \uc554\uae30\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc97\uc5b4\ub098 \uc65c 4\u201320 mA\uac00 \ud45c\uc900\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \uac01 \uacb0\uc120 \ubc29\uc2dd(2-wire, 4-wire Active\/Passive)\uc774 \uc65c \ud0c4\uc0dd\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub294\uc9c0 <strong>\uc2a4\ud1a0\ub9ac\uc640 \uc778\uacfc\uad00\uacc4<\/strong>\ub97c \uc911\uc2ec\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\ub9ac\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n <\/div>\n\n <h2>1. \uc65c \uc804\uc555\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc804\ub958(4\u201320 mA)\uc77c\uae4c?<\/h2>\n <p>\uacf5\uc7a5\uc758 \uc13c\uc11c \uce21\uc815\uac12\uc744 \ucee8\ud2b8\ub864\ub7ec\ub85c \ubcf4\ub0bc \ub54c 0\u201310V \uc804\uc555 \ub300\uc2e0 \uc804\ub958\ub97c \uc4f0\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub294 \uba85\ud655\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <ul>\n <li><strong>\uc804\uc555 \uac15\ud558 \uadf9\ubcf5:<\/strong> \uc804\uc120\uc774 \uae38\uc5b4\uc9c0\uba74 \uc120\ub85c \uc800\ud56d \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc804\uc555\uc774 \ub5a8\uc5b4\uc9c0\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc9c1\ub82c \ub8e8\ud504 \ub0b4\uc758 <strong>\uc804\ub958\ub294 \uc5b4\ub514\uc11c\ub098 \uc77c\uc815<\/strong>\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <li><strong>Live Zero (4 mA\uc758 \ub9c8\ubc95):<\/strong> \ucd5c\uc800\uac12\uc774 0 mA\uac00 \uc544\ub2cc 4 mA\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c, \ub9cc\uc57d \uc804\ub958\uac00 0\uc774 \ub418\uba74 \uce21\uc815\uac12\uc774 0%\uc778 \uac83\uc778\uc9c0 <strong>\ucf00\uc774\ube14 \ub2e8\uc120\uc774\ub098 \uc804\uc6d0 \uace0\uc7a5<\/strong>\uc778\uc9c0 \uc989\uc2dc \uad6c\ubcc4\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4 (Watchdog \uc5ed\ud560). \uc774 4 mA\ub294 2\uc120\uc2dd \uae30\uae30\uc758 \ub3d9\uc791 \uc804\uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c\ub3c4 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n <h2>2. \ud575\uc2ec \uc6a9\uc5b4 \uc815\uc758<\/h2>\n <ol>\n <li><strong>Current Loop (\uc804\ub958 \ub8e8\ud504):<\/strong> 4\u201320 mA \ud45c\uc900 \uc2e0\ud638\ub85c \ud604\uc7a5 \ubcc0\uc218\ub97c \uc804\uc1a1\ud558\ub294 \uc544\ub0a0\ub85c\uadf8 \ud1b5\uc2e0 \ubc29\uc2dd.<\/li>\n <li><strong>2-Wire Transmitter (2\uc120\uc2dd):<\/strong> \uc804\ub825\uacfc \uc2e0\ud638\uac00 \uc120 2\uac00\ub2e5\uc744 \uacf5\uc720. \uc218\uc2e0 \uce21\uc774 \uc804\uc6d0\uc744 \uacf5\uae09\ud558\uace0, \ub0b4\ubd80 \ud68c\ub85c\ub294 4 mA \ubbf8\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c \ub3d9\uc791\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <li><strong>Active \/ Sourcing (\uc561\ud2f0\ube0c):<\/strong> \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\ubbf8\ud130\uac00 \ub0b4\ubd80 \uc804\uc6d0\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c 4\u201320 mA \uc2e0\ud638 \ub8e8\ud504\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc9c1\uc811 \uc804\uc6d0\uacfc \uc804\ub958\ub97c \uacf5\uae09(Source)\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <li><strong>Passive \/ Sinking (\ud328\uc2dc\ube0c):<\/strong> \ub0b4\ubd80 \ud68c\ub85c\ub294 \ub3c5\ub9bd \uc804\uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c \uc4f0\ub418, \uc2e0\ud638 \ub8e8\ud504 \uc804\ub958\ub294 \uc218\uc2e0 \uce21 \uc804\uc6d0\uc744 \ubc1b\uc544 \uc870\uc808\ub9cc(Sink)\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <\/ol>\n\n <h2>3. \uc6a9\uc5b4 \uac04\uc758 \uad00\uacc4 \ubc0f \ube44\uad50 \uad6c\uc870<\/h2>\n <p>\uacc4\uce21 \uacb0\uc120\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec\uc740 <strong>“\ub204\uac00 \uc804\uc6d0\uc744 \uacf5\uae09\ud558\uace0(Source), \ub204\uac00 \uc804\ub958\ub97c \uc18c\ubaa8\ud558\ub294\uac00(Sink)?”<\/strong>\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n <table>\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th>\uad6c\ubd84<\/th>\n <th>\ub0b4\ubd80 \ud68c\ub85c \uc804\uc6d0<\/th>\n <th>\uc2e0\ud638 \ub8e8\ud504 \uc804\uc6d0<\/th>\n <th>\ub8e8\ud504 \ub0b4 \uc5ed\ud560<\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <td><strong>2-Wire<\/strong><\/td>\n <td>\ub8e8\ud504 \uc804\ub958(<4 mA)\ub85c \uc790\uccb4 \ud574\uacb0<\/td>\n <td>\uc218\uc2e0 \uce21 (PLC\/DCS) \uacf5\uae09<\/td>\n <td>\ubd80\ud558 (Sink)<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td><strong>4-Wire Active<\/strong><\/td>\n <td>\ubcc4\ub3c4 \ub3c5\ub9bd \uc804\uc6d0<\/td>\n <td><strong>\ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\ubbf8\ud130 \uc790\uccb4\uac00 \uacf5\uae09<\/strong><\/td>\n <td>\uacf5\uae09\uc6d0 (Source)<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td><strong>4-Wire Passive<\/strong><\/td>\n <td>\ubcc4\ub3c4 \ub3c5\ub9bd \uc804\uc6d0<\/td>\n <td><strong>\uc218\uc2e0 \uce21 (PLC\/DCS) \uacf5\uae09<\/strong><\/td>\n <td>\ubd80\ud558 (Sink)<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n\n <p><strong>\ud83d\udca1 \uc65c 4\uc120\uc2dd \ud328\uc2dc\ube0c(Sinking) \ud0c0\uc785\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud560\uae4c?<\/strong><br>\n \uc0b0\uc5c5 \ud604\uc7a5\uc758 PLC \uc785\ub825 \uce74\ub4dc\ub294 \uc774\ubbf8 2\uc120\uc2dd \uc218\uc6a9\uc744 \uc704\ud574 24V \ub8e8\ud504 \uc804\uc6d0\uc744 \ub0b4\uc7a5\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0 \uc804\uc6d0\uc744 \uc790\uccb4 \uacf5\uae09\ud558\ub294 Active\ub97c \uc5f0\uacb0\ud558\uba74 <strong>\uc804\uc6d0 \ucda9\ub3cc(Power Conflict)<\/strong>\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c “\ub0b4\ubd80 \ud68c\ub85c\ub294 \ub3c5\ub9bd \uc804\uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c \ub109\ub109\ud788 \uc4f0\ub418, \ucd9c\ub825 \uc778\ud130\ud398\uc774\uc2a4\ub294 \uae30\uc874 PLC \uc804\uc6d0\uc5d0 \ub9de\ucdb0 \uc548\uc804\ud558\uac8c \uc2f1\ud06c(Passive)”\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uc124\uacc4\ub41c \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n <h2>4. \uc2a4\ud1a0\ub9ac\ub85c \uc774\ud574\ud558\ub294 \ud2b8\ub7ec\ube14\uc288\ud305 (Troubleshooting)<\/h2>\n <ul>\n <li><strong>\ube44\uce68\uc2b5\uc801 \uce21\uc815:<\/strong> \uc120\uc744 \ub04a\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 <em>\ud074\ub7a8\ud504\ud615 DC \ubc00\ub9ac\uc554\ubbf8\ud130<\/em>\ub85c \uc790\uae30\uc7a5\uc744 \uac10\uc9c0\ud558\uac70\ub098, \uc218\uc2e0 \uc800\ud56d(250 \u03a9) \uc591\ub2e8\uc758 \uc804\uc555 \uac15\ud558\ub97c \uce21\uc815\ud574 \uc634\uc758 \ubc95\uce59(I = V \/ R)\uc73c\ub85c \uc5ed\uc0b0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <li><strong>\uad6c\uac04 \ubd84\ub9ac \uc9c4\ub2e8 (Isolation):<\/strong> \uace0\uc7a5\uc758 \uc6d0\uc778\uc774 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\ubbf8\ud130\uc778\uc9c0 PLC\uc778\uc9c0 \ud5f7\uac08\ub9b4 \ub54c, <em>\ub8e8\ud504 \uce98\ub9ac\ube0c\ub808\uc774\ud130<\/em>\ub85c \uac15\uc81c \uc804\ub958(4, 12, 20 mA)\ub97c \uc2dc\ubbac\ub808\uc774\uc158\ud574\ubd05\ub2c8\ub2e4. PLC \ud654\uba74\uc774 \uc815\uc0c1 \uc791\ub3d9\ud558\uba74 PLC\ub294 \ubb34\uc8c4, \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\ubbf8\ud130\uac00 \ubc94\uc778\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Lessons_In_Industrial_Instrumentation-2.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px\" aria-label=\"Lessons_In_Industrial_Instrumentation-2\uc758 \uc0bd\uc785.\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-95189937-6926-4eef-82fb-4aca78f4633d\" href=\"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Lessons_In_Industrial_Instrumentation-2.pdf\">Lessons_In_Industrial_Instrumentation-2<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Lessons_In_Industrial_Instrumentation-2.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-95189937-6926-4eef-82fb-4aca78f4633d\">\ub2e4\uc6b4\ub85c\ub4dc<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\\documentclass[11pt,a4paper]{article}\n\\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}\n\\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb,amsfonts}\n\\usepackage{geometry}\n\\geometry{margin=25mm}\n\\usepackage{hyperref}\n\\usepackage{xcolor}\n\\usepackage{fancyhdr}\n\\documentclass[11pt,a4paper]{article}\n\\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}\n\\usepackage{kotex} % \ud55c\uae00 \uc9c0\uc6d0 \ud328\ud0a4\uc9c0\n\\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb,amsfonts}\n\\usepackage{geometry}\n\\geometry{margin=25mm}\n\\usepackage{hyperref}\n\\usepackage{xcolor}\n\\usepackage{fancyhdr}\n\n% \uc774\ud6c4 \ubcf8\ubb38 \ucf54\ub4dc \uc791\uc131...\n\\pagestyle{fancy}\n\\fancyhf{}\n\\rhead{\uc0b0\uc5c5\uacc4\uce21\uc81c\uc5b4\uae30\uc220\uc0ac \ud559\uc2b5 \ub178\ud2b8}\n\\lhead{Chapter 13: Analog Electronic Instrumentation}\n\\cfoot{\\thepage}\n\n\\title{\\textbf{Chapter 13: \uc544\ub0a0\ub85c\uadf8 \uc804\uc790\uc2dd \uacc4\uce21 (Analog Electronic Instrumentation) \ube14\ub85c\uadf8 \uc815\ub9ac}}\n\\author{\uc0b0\uc5c5\uacc4\uce21\uc81c\uc5b4\uae30\uc220\uc0ac \uc218\ud5d8\uc0dd}\n\\date{\\today}\n\n\\begin{document}\n\n\\maketitle\n\n\\begin{abstract}\n\ubcf8 \ubb38\uc11c\ub294 \uc0b0\uc5c5 \ud604\uc7a5\uc758 \ubf08\ub300\uc778 4--20 mA \uc544\ub0a0\ub85c\uadf8 \uc804\ub958 \ub8e8\ud504(Current Loop) \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec \uc6d0\ub9ac\ub97c \ub2e8\uc21c \uc554\uae30\uac00 \uc544\ub2cc \uae30\uc220\uc801 ``\uc2a4\ud1a0\ub9ac''\ub97c \ub530\ub77c \uc774\ud574\ud558\uae30 \uc27d\uac8c \uc815\ub9ac\ud55c \ube14\ub85c\uadf8 \ud3ec\uc2a4\ud305\uc6a9 \uc6d0\uace0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. 2\uc120\uc2dd, 4\uc120\uc2dd \uc561\ud2f0\ube0c(Sourcing), 4\uc120\uc2dd \ud328\uc2dc\ube0c(Sinking)\uc758 \uac1c\ub150\uacfc \uc0c1\ud638 \uad00\uacc4, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc2e4\ubb34 \ud2b8\ub7ec\ube14\uc288\ud305 \uae30\ubc95\uc744 \ub2e4\ub8f9\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n\\end{abstract}\n\n\\section{\ub4e4\uc5b4\uac00\uba70: \uc65c \uc804\uc555\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc804\ub958(4--20 mA)\uc77c\uae4c?}\n\uc0b0\uc5c5 \ud604\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \uc13c\uc11c\uc758 \uce21\uc815\uac12(\uc628\ub3c4, \uc555\ub825 \ub4f1)\uc744 \ucee8\ud2b8\ub864\ub7ec(PLC\/DCS)\ub85c \ubcf4\ub0bc \ub54c, 0--10V \uac19\uc740 \uc804\uc555 \uc2e0\ud638 \ub300\uc2e0 \uc65c \uad73\uc774 4--20 mA \uc804\ub958 \uc2e0\ud638\ub97c \ud45c\uc900\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560\uae4c\uc694? \n\\begin{itemize}\n \\item \\textbf{\uc804\uc555 \uac15\ud558\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\uc810}: \uc804\uc120\uc774 \uae38\uc5b4\uc9c0\uba74 \uc120\ub85c \uc800\ud56d($R_{wire}$) \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc804\uc555\uc774 \ub5a8\uc5b4\uc838(Drop) \uc624\ucc28\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n \\item \\textbf{\uc804\ub958\uc758 \ubd88\ubcc0\uc131}: \uc9c1\ub82c \ud68c\ub85c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc804\ub958\ub294 \uc120\ub85c \uae38\uc774\uc5d0 \uc0c1\uad00\uc5c6\uc774 \uc77c\uc815\ud558\uac8c \ud750\ub974\ubbc0\ub85c \uc6d0\uac70\ub9ac \uc804\uc1a1\uc5d0 \uc808\ub300\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc720\ub9ac\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n \\item \\textbf{Live Zero ($4\\text{ mA}$\uc758 \ub9c8\ubc95)}: \ucd5c\uc800 \uc2e0\ud638\ub97c $0\\text{ mA}$\uac00 \uc544\ub2cc $4\\text{ mA}$\ub85c \uc124\uc815\ud558\uc5ec, \ud68c\uc120 \ub2e8\uc120\uc774\ub098 \uc804\uc6d0 \uace0\uc7a5($0\\text{ mA}$)\uc744 \uc989\uc2dc \uac10\uc9c0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \\textit{Watchdog(\ud558\ud2b8\ube44\ud2b8)} \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c \uc774 $4\\text{ mA}$ \ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 \uc804\ub958\ub294 2\uc120\uc2dd \uae30\uae30\uc758 \ub3d9\uc791 \uc804\uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c\ub3c4 \ud65c\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n\\end{itemize}\n\n\\section{1. \ud575\uc2ec \uc6a9\uc5b4 \uc815\uc758}\n\\begin{enumerate}\n \\item \\textbf{Current Loop (\uc804\ub958 \ub8e8\ud504)}: \uc13c\uc11c \uce21\uc815\uac12\uc744 4--20 mA \uc804\ub958 \ud06c\uae30\ub85c \ubcc0\ud658\ud558\uc5ec \uc804\uc1a1\ud558\ub294 \uc544\ub0a0\ub85c\uadf8 \ud45c\uc900 \ud1b5\uc2e0 \ubc29\uc2dd.\n \\item \\textbf{2-Wire Transmitter (2\uc120\uc2dd \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\ubbf8\ud130)}: \uc804\ub825\uc120\uacfc \uc2e0\ud638\uc120\uc744 2\uac00\ub2e5\uc73c\ub85c \uacf5\uc720\ud558\ub294 \ub8e8\ud504 \ud30c\uc6cc\ub4dc(Loop-powered) \ubc29\uc2dd. \ub0b4\ubd80 \ud68c\ub85c\ub294 $4\\text{ mA}$ \ubbf8\ub9cc\uc758 \uc804\ub825\uc73c\ub85c \uc791\ub3d9\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n \\item \\textbf{Active \/ Sourcing (\uc561\ud2f0\ube0c\/\uc18c\uc2f1)}: \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\ubbf8\ud130\uac00 \ub0b4\ubd80 \uc804\uc6d0\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c 4--20 mA \uc2e0\ud638 \ub8e8\ud504\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc9c1\uc811 \uc804\uc6d0\uacfc \uc804\ub958\ub97c \uacf5\uae09\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd (\\textit{Electrical Source}).\n \\item \\textbf{Passive \/ Sinking (\ud328\uc2dc\ube0c\/\uc2f1\ud0b9)}: \ub0b4\ubd80 \ud68c\ub85c\ub294 \ub3c5\ub9bd \uc804\uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\ub3d9\ud558\ub418, \uc2e0\ud638 \ub8e8\ud504 \uc804\ub958\ub294 \uc218\uc2e0 \uce21(PLC)\uc758 \uc804\uc6d0\uc744 \ubc1b\uc544 \uc870\uc808\ub9cc \ud558\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd (\\textit{Electrical Load}).\n \\item \\textbf{Clamp-on DC Milliammeter (\ud074\ub7a8\ud504\ud615 \uc9c1\ub958 \ubc00\ub9ac\uc554\ubbf8\ud130)}: \ud68c\uc120\uc744 \ub04a\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0(\ube44\uce68\uc2b5\uc801) \uc790\uae30\uc7a5\uc744 \uac10\uc9c0\ud574 \uc9c1\ub958 \uc804\ub958\ub97c \uce21\uc815\ud558\ub294 \ud544\uc218 \ud2b8\ub7ec\ube14\uc288\ud305 \ub3c4\uad6c.\n\\end{enumerate}\n\n\\section{2. \uc6a9\uc5b4 \uac04\uc758 \uad00\uacc4 \ubc0f \uad6c\uc870\uc801 \ube44\uad50}\n\uc544\ub0a0\ub85c\uadf8 \uacc4\uce21 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc744 \uc124\uacc4\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uacb0\uc120\ud560 \ub54c \uac00\uc7a5 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \\textbf{``\ub204\uac00 \uc804\uc6d0\uc744 \uacf5\uae09\ud558\uace0(Source), \ub204\uac00 \uc804\ub958\ub97c \uc18c\ubaa8\ud558\ub294\uac00(Sink)?''}\ub97c \ud30c\uc545\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n\n\\begin{table}[h!]\n\\centering\n\\begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|c|}\n\\hline\n\\textbf{\uad6c\ubd84} & \\textbf{\ub0b4\ubd80 \ud68c\ub85c \uc804\uc6d0} & \\textbf{\uc2e0\ud638 \ub8e8\ud504 \uc804\uc6d0} & \\textbf{\ub8e8\ud504 \ub0b4 \uc5ed\ud560} \\\\ \\hline\n\\textbf{2-Wire} & \ub8e8\ud504 \uc804\ub958($<4\\text{ mA}$)\ub85c \uc790\uccb4 \ud574\uacb0 & \uc218\uc2e0 \uce21(PLC) \uacf5\uae09 & \ubd80\ud558 (Sink) \\\\ \\hline\n\\textbf{4-Wire Active} & \ubcc4\ub3c4 \ub3c5\ub9bd \uc804\uc6d0 & \\textbf{\ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\ubbf8\ud130\uac00 \uacf5\uae09} & \uacf5\uae09\uc6d0 (Source) \\\\ \\hline\n\\textbf{4-Wire Passive} & \ubcc4\ub3c4 \ub3c5\ub9bd \uc804\uc6d0 & \\textbf{\uc218\uc2e0 \uce21(PLC) \uacf5\uae09} & \ubd80\ud558 (Sink) \\\\ \\hline\n\\end{tabular}\n\\caption{\uc804\uc1a1 \ubc29\uc2dd\ubcc4 \uc804\uc6d0 \uacf5\uae09 \uc8fc\uccb4 \ubc0f \uc5ed\ud560 \ube44\uad50}\n\\label{tab:comparison}\n\\end{table}\n\n\\subsection{\uc65c 4\uc120\uc2dd\uc5d0 \ud328\uc2dc\ube0c(Sinking) \ud0c0\uc785\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud560\uae4c?}\n\ud604\uc7a5\uc758 \ucee8\ud2b8\ub864\ub7ec(PLC\/DCS) \uc785\ub825 \uce74\ub4dc\ub294 \uacfc\uac70 2\uc120\uc2dd \uae30\uae30 \uc218\uc6a9\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \uc774\ubbf8 \ub0b4\ubd80 \ub8e8\ud504 \uc804\uc6d0(24V)\uc744 \uae30\ubcf8 \ub0b4\uc7a5\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0 \uc804\uc6d0\uc744 \uc790\uccb4 \uacf5\uae09\ud558\ub294 Active 4\uc120\uc2dd\uc744 \ubb3c\ub9ac\uba74 \\textbf{\uc804\uc6d0 \ucda9\ub3cc(Power Conflict)}\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c ``\ub0b4\ubd80 \ud68c\ub85c\ub294 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud558\uace0 \uc804\ub825\uc774 \ub9ce\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud574 4\uc120\uc2dd \ub3c5\ub9bd \uc804\uc6d0\uc744 \uc4f0\ub418, \uc778\ud130\ud398\uc774\uc2a4\ub294 \uae30\uc874 PLC \uc804\uc6d0\uc5d0 \ub9de\ucdb0 \uc548\uc804\ud558\uac8c \uc2f1\ud06c(Passive)\ub85c \ub3d9\uc791''\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \ub9cc\ub4e0 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n\n\\section{3. \uc2a4\ud1a0\ub9ac\ub85c \uc774\ud574\ud558\ub294 \ud2b8\ub7ec\ube14\uc288\ud305 (Troubleshooting)}\n\ud604\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \uacc4\uae30\uac00 \uace0\uc7a5 \ub0ac\uc744 \ub54c\uc758 \uc2dc\ub098\ub9ac\uc624\ub97c \ub530\ub77c\uac00 \ubd05\uc2dc\ub2e4.\n\\begin{itemize}\n \\item \\textbf{\uc0c1\ud669 1: \uc120\uc744 \ub04a\uc744 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc744 \ub54c (\ube44\uce68\uc2b5 \uc810\uac80)}: \ud074\ub7a8\ud504\ud615 DC \ubc00\ub9ac\uc554\ubbf8\ud130\ub85c \uc804\uc120 \uc8fc\ubcc0\uc758 \uc790\uae30\uc7a5\uc744 \uce21\uc815\ud558\uac70\ub098, \uc218\uc2e0 \uce21 \uc800\ud56d($250\\,\\Omega$) \uc591\ub2e8\uc758 \uc804\uc555 \uac15\ub3c4\ub97c \uce21\uc815\ud574 \uc634\uc758 \ubc95\uce59($I = V \/ R$)\uc73c\ub85c \uc804\ub958\ub97c \uc5ed\uc0b0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n \\item \\textbf{\uc0c1\ud669 2: \uace0\uc7a5 \uad6c\uac04 \ubd84\ub9ac (Isolation)}: \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\ubbf8\ud130 \ubb38\uc81c\uc778\uc9c0 PLC \uc785\ub825 \uce74\ub4dc \ubb38\uc81c\uc778\uc9c0 \ud5f7\uac08\ub9b4 \ub54c, \\textbf{\ub8e8\ud504 \uce98\ub9ac\ube0c\ub808\uc774\ud130(Loop Calibrator)}\ub97c \uaebc\ub0c5\ub2c8\ub2e4. PLC\uc5d0 \uac15\uc81c\ub85c $4, 12, 20\\text{ mA}$\ub97c \uc2dc\ubbac\ub808\uc774\uc158\uc73c\ub85c \uc3f4\uc8fc\uc5b4 \ud654\uba74\uc5d0 \uc815\uc0c1 \ud45c\uc2dc\ub418\uba74 PLC\uc640 \ucf00\uc774\ube14\uc740 \uc815\uc0c1, \ubc94\uc778\uc740 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\ubbf8\ud130\ub85c \ud655\uc815\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n\\end{itemize}\n\n\\section{\ub9fa\uc74c\ub9d0}\n\uc544\ub0a0\ub85c\uadf8 \uc804\uc790\uc2dd \uacc4\uce21\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec\uc740 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud55c \uc554\uae30\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \\textbf{``\uc804\ub958\uc758 \ubd88\ubcc0\uc131, Live Zero\uc758 \uc548\uc804\uc131, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc804\uc6d0 \uacf5\uae09\uc6d0\uacfc \ubd80\ud558\uc758 \uad00\uacc4(Sourcing vs Sinking)''}\ub77c\ub294 \uac70\ub300\ud55c \uc2a4\ud1a0\ub9ac\ub85c \uc5ee\uc5ec \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc6d0\ub9ac\ub97c \uc774\ud574\ud558\uba74 \ud604\uc7a5\uc758 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \uacb0\uc120\ub3c4 \ub450\ub835\uc9c0 \uc54a\uac8c \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n\n\\end{document}<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chapter 13: \uc544\ub0a0\ub85c\uadf8 \uc804\uc790\uc2dd \uacc4\uce21 \uc644\ubcbd \uac00\uc774\ub4dc Chapter 13: \uc544\ub0a0\ub85c\uadf8 \uc804\uc790\uc2dd \uacc4\uce21 (Analog Electronic Instrumentation) \uc0b0\uc5c5\uacc4\uce21\uc81c\uc5b4\uae30\uc220\uc0ac \ub300\ube44 \ud575\uc2ec \uc815\ub9ac \ube14\ub85c\uadf8 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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{"id":9457,"date":"2026-09-06T21:22:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-06T12:22:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/?p=9457"},"modified":"2026-09-06T21:22:02","modified_gmt":"2026-09-06T12:22:02","slug":"lessons-in-industrial-instrumentation-chapter-13","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/lessons-in-industrial-instrumentation-chapter-13\/","title":{"rendered":"Lessons In Industrial Instrumentation, Chapter 13"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n \n Chapter 13: \uc544\ub0a0\ub85c\uadf8 \uc804\uc790\uc2dd \uacc4\uce21 \uc644\ubcbd \uac00\uc774\ub4dc<\/title>\n <style>\n body {\n font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif;\n color: #2c3e50;\n line-height: 1.6;\n margin: 0;\n padding: 20px;\n background-color: #fcfcfc;\n }\n .container {\n max-width: 800px;\n margin: auto;\n background: #ffffff;\n padding: 40px;\n border-radius: 8px;\n box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);\n }\n h1 {\n color: #1a365d;\n font-size: 24pt;\n border-bottom: 3px solid #3182ce;\n padding-bottom: 10px;\n }\n h2 {\n color: #2b6cb0;\n font-size: 16pt;\n margin-top: 30px;\n border-left: 4px solid #3182ce;\n padding-left: 10px;\n }\n table {\n width: 100%;\n border-collapse: collapse;\n margin: 20px 0;\n font-size: 10pt;\n }\n th, td {\n border: 1px solid #cbd5e0;\n padding: 10px 12px;\n text-align: left;\n }\n th {\n background-color: #2b6cb0;\n color: white;\n font-weight: bold;\n }\n tr:nth-child(even) {\n background-color: #f7fafc;\n }\n .callout {\n background-color: #ebf8ff;\n border-left: 4px solid #3182ce;\n padding: 15px;\n margin: 20px 0;\n border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0;\n }\n <\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"container\">\n <h1>Chapter 13: \uc544\ub0a0\ub85c\uadf8 \uc804\uc790\uc2dd \uacc4\uce21 (Analog Electronic Instrumentation)<\/h1>\n <p><em>\uc0b0\uc5c5\uacc4\uce21\uc81c\uc5b4\uae30\uc220\uc0ac \ub300\ube44 \ud575\uc2ec \uc815\ub9ac \ube14\ub85c\uadf8 \ud3ec\uc2a4\ud305 \uc6d0\uace0<\/em><\/p>\n\n <div class=\"callout\">\n <strong>\ud83d\udca1 \ud559\uc2b5 \ubc29\ud5a5:<\/strong> \ub2e8\uc21c \uc554\uae30\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc97\uc5b4\ub098 \uc65c 4\u201320 mA\uac00 \ud45c\uc900\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \uac01 \uacb0\uc120 \ubc29\uc2dd(2-wire, 4-wire Active\/Passive)\uc774 \uc65c \ud0c4\uc0dd\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub294\uc9c0 <strong>\uc2a4\ud1a0\ub9ac\uc640 \uc778\uacfc\uad00\uacc4<\/strong>\ub97c \uc911\uc2ec\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\ub9ac\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n <\/div>\n\n <h2>1. \uc65c \uc804\uc555\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc804\ub958(4\u201320 mA)\uc77c\uae4c?<\/h2>\n <p>\uacf5\uc7a5\uc758 \uc13c\uc11c \uce21\uc815\uac12\uc744 \ucee8\ud2b8\ub864\ub7ec\ub85c \ubcf4\ub0bc \ub54c 0\u201310V \uc804\uc555 \ub300\uc2e0 \uc804\ub958\ub97c \uc4f0\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub294 \uba85\ud655\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <ul>\n <li><strong>\uc804\uc555 \uac15\ud558 \uadf9\ubcf5:<\/strong> \uc804\uc120\uc774 \uae38\uc5b4\uc9c0\uba74 \uc120\ub85c \uc800\ud56d \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc804\uc555\uc774 \ub5a8\uc5b4\uc9c0\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc9c1\ub82c \ub8e8\ud504 \ub0b4\uc758 <strong>\uc804\ub958\ub294 \uc5b4\ub514\uc11c\ub098 \uc77c\uc815<\/strong>\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <li><strong>Live Zero (4 mA\uc758 \ub9c8\ubc95):<\/strong> \ucd5c\uc800\uac12\uc774 0 mA\uac00 \uc544\ub2cc 4 mA\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c, \ub9cc\uc57d \uc804\ub958\uac00 0\uc774 \ub418\uba74 \uce21\uc815\uac12\uc774 0%\uc778 \uac83\uc778\uc9c0 <strong>\ucf00\uc774\ube14 \ub2e8\uc120\uc774\ub098 \uc804\uc6d0 \uace0\uc7a5<\/strong>\uc778\uc9c0 \uc989\uc2dc \uad6c\ubcc4\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4 (Watchdog \uc5ed\ud560). \uc774 4 mA\ub294 2\uc120\uc2dd \uae30\uae30\uc758 \ub3d9\uc791 \uc804\uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c\ub3c4 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n <h2>2. \ud575\uc2ec \uc6a9\uc5b4 \uc815\uc758<\/h2>\n <ol>\n <li><strong>Current Loop (\uc804\ub958 \ub8e8\ud504):<\/strong> 4\u201320 mA \ud45c\uc900 \uc2e0\ud638\ub85c \ud604\uc7a5 \ubcc0\uc218\ub97c \uc804\uc1a1\ud558\ub294 \uc544\ub0a0\ub85c\uadf8 \ud1b5\uc2e0 \ubc29\uc2dd.<\/li>\n <li><strong>2-Wire Transmitter (2\uc120\uc2dd):<\/strong> \uc804\ub825\uacfc \uc2e0\ud638\uac00 \uc120 2\uac00\ub2e5\uc744 \uacf5\uc720. \uc218\uc2e0 \uce21\uc774 \uc804\uc6d0\uc744 \uacf5\uae09\ud558\uace0, \ub0b4\ubd80 \ud68c\ub85c\ub294 4 mA \ubbf8\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c \ub3d9\uc791\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <li><strong>Active \/ Sourcing (\uc561\ud2f0\ube0c):<\/strong> \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\ubbf8\ud130\uac00 \ub0b4\ubd80 \uc804\uc6d0\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c 4\u201320 mA \uc2e0\ud638 \ub8e8\ud504\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc9c1\uc811 \uc804\uc6d0\uacfc \uc804\ub958\ub97c \uacf5\uae09(Source)\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <li><strong>Passive \/ Sinking (\ud328\uc2dc\ube0c):<\/strong> \ub0b4\ubd80 \ud68c\ub85c\ub294 \ub3c5\ub9bd \uc804\uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c \uc4f0\ub418, \uc2e0\ud638 \ub8e8\ud504 \uc804\ub958\ub294 \uc218\uc2e0 \uce21 \uc804\uc6d0\uc744 \ubc1b\uc544 \uc870\uc808\ub9cc(Sink)\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <\/ol>\n\n <h2>3. \uc6a9\uc5b4 \uac04\uc758 \uad00\uacc4 \ubc0f \ube44\uad50 \uad6c\uc870<\/h2>\n <p>\uacc4\uce21 \uacb0\uc120\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec\uc740 <strong>“\ub204\uac00 \uc804\uc6d0\uc744 \uacf5\uae09\ud558\uace0(Source), \ub204\uac00 \uc804\ub958\ub97c \uc18c\ubaa8\ud558\ub294\uac00(Sink)?”<\/strong>\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n <table>\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th>\uad6c\ubd84<\/th>\n <th>\ub0b4\ubd80 \ud68c\ub85c \uc804\uc6d0<\/th>\n <th>\uc2e0\ud638 \ub8e8\ud504 \uc804\uc6d0<\/th>\n <th>\ub8e8\ud504 \ub0b4 \uc5ed\ud560<\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <td><strong>2-Wire<\/strong><\/td>\n <td>\ub8e8\ud504 \uc804\ub958(<4 mA)\ub85c \uc790\uccb4 \ud574\uacb0<\/td>\n <td>\uc218\uc2e0 \uce21 (PLC\/DCS) \uacf5\uae09<\/td>\n <td>\ubd80\ud558 (Sink)<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td><strong>4-Wire Active<\/strong><\/td>\n <td>\ubcc4\ub3c4 \ub3c5\ub9bd \uc804\uc6d0<\/td>\n <td><strong>\ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\ubbf8\ud130 \uc790\uccb4\uac00 \uacf5\uae09<\/strong><\/td>\n <td>\uacf5\uae09\uc6d0 (Source)<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td><strong>4-Wire Passive<\/strong><\/td>\n <td>\ubcc4\ub3c4 \ub3c5\ub9bd \uc804\uc6d0<\/td>\n <td><strong>\uc218\uc2e0 \uce21 (PLC\/DCS) \uacf5\uae09<\/strong><\/td>\n <td>\ubd80\ud558 (Sink)<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n\n <p><strong>\ud83d\udca1 \uc65c 4\uc120\uc2dd \ud328\uc2dc\ube0c(Sinking) \ud0c0\uc785\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud560\uae4c?<\/strong><br>\n \uc0b0\uc5c5 \ud604\uc7a5\uc758 PLC \uc785\ub825 \uce74\ub4dc\ub294 \uc774\ubbf8 2\uc120\uc2dd \uc218\uc6a9\uc744 \uc704\ud574 24V \ub8e8\ud504 \uc804\uc6d0\uc744 \ub0b4\uc7a5\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0 \uc804\uc6d0\uc744 \uc790\uccb4 \uacf5\uae09\ud558\ub294 Active\ub97c \uc5f0\uacb0\ud558\uba74 <strong>\uc804\uc6d0 \ucda9\ub3cc(Power Conflict)<\/strong>\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c “\ub0b4\ubd80 \ud68c\ub85c\ub294 \ub3c5\ub9bd \uc804\uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c \ub109\ub109\ud788 \uc4f0\ub418, \ucd9c\ub825 \uc778\ud130\ud398\uc774\uc2a4\ub294 \uae30\uc874 PLC \uc804\uc6d0\uc5d0 \ub9de\ucdb0 \uc548\uc804\ud558\uac8c \uc2f1\ud06c(Passive)”\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uc124\uacc4\ub41c \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n <h2>4. \uc2a4\ud1a0\ub9ac\ub85c \uc774\ud574\ud558\ub294 \ud2b8\ub7ec\ube14\uc288\ud305 (Troubleshooting)<\/h2>\n <ul>\n <li><strong>\ube44\uce68\uc2b5\uc801 \uce21\uc815:<\/strong> \uc120\uc744 \ub04a\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 <em>\ud074\ub7a8\ud504\ud615 DC \ubc00\ub9ac\uc554\ubbf8\ud130<\/em>\ub85c \uc790\uae30\uc7a5\uc744 \uac10\uc9c0\ud558\uac70\ub098, \uc218\uc2e0 \uc800\ud56d(250 \u03a9) \uc591\ub2e8\uc758 \uc804\uc555 \uac15\ud558\ub97c \uce21\uc815\ud574 \uc634\uc758 \ubc95\uce59(I = V \/ R)\uc73c\ub85c \uc5ed\uc0b0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <li><strong>\uad6c\uac04 \ubd84\ub9ac \uc9c4\ub2e8 (Isolation):<\/strong> \uace0\uc7a5\uc758 \uc6d0\uc778\uc774 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\ubbf8\ud130\uc778\uc9c0 PLC\uc778\uc9c0 \ud5f7\uac08\ub9b4 \ub54c, <em>\ub8e8\ud504 \uce98\ub9ac\ube0c\ub808\uc774\ud130<\/em>\ub85c \uac15\uc81c \uc804\ub958(4, 12, 20 mA)\ub97c \uc2dc\ubbac\ub808\uc774\uc158\ud574\ubd05\ub2c8\ub2e4. PLC \ud654\uba74\uc774 \uc815\uc0c1 \uc791\ub3d9\ud558\uba74 PLC\ub294 \ubb34\uc8c4, \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\ubbf8\ud130\uac00 \ubc94\uc778\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Lessons_In_Industrial_Instrumentation-2.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px\" aria-label=\"Lessons_In_Industrial_Instrumentation-2\uc758 \uc0bd\uc785.\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-95189937-6926-4eef-82fb-4aca78f4633d\" href=\"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Lessons_In_Industrial_Instrumentation-2.pdf\">Lessons_In_Industrial_Instrumentation-2<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Lessons_In_Industrial_Instrumentation-2.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-95189937-6926-4eef-82fb-4aca78f4633d\">\ub2e4\uc6b4\ub85c\ub4dc<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\\documentclass[11pt,a4paper]{article}\n\\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}\n\\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb,amsfonts}\n\\usepackage{geometry}\n\\geometry{margin=25mm}\n\\usepackage{hyperref}\n\\usepackage{xcolor}\n\\usepackage{fancyhdr}\n\\documentclass[11pt,a4paper]{article}\n\\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}\n\\usepackage{kotex} % \ud55c\uae00 \uc9c0\uc6d0 \ud328\ud0a4\uc9c0\n\\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb,amsfonts}\n\\usepackage{geometry}\n\\geometry{margin=25mm}\n\\usepackage{hyperref}\n\\usepackage{xcolor}\n\\usepackage{fancyhdr}\n\n% \uc774\ud6c4 \ubcf8\ubb38 \ucf54\ub4dc \uc791\uc131...\n\\pagestyle{fancy}\n\\fancyhf{}\n\\rhead{\uc0b0\uc5c5\uacc4\uce21\uc81c\uc5b4\uae30\uc220\uc0ac \ud559\uc2b5 \ub178\ud2b8}\n\\lhead{Chapter 13: Analog Electronic Instrumentation}\n\\cfoot{\\thepage}\n\n\\title{\\textbf{Chapter 13: \uc544\ub0a0\ub85c\uadf8 \uc804\uc790\uc2dd \uacc4\uce21 (Analog Electronic Instrumentation) \ube14\ub85c\uadf8 \uc815\ub9ac}}\n\\author{\uc0b0\uc5c5\uacc4\uce21\uc81c\uc5b4\uae30\uc220\uc0ac \uc218\ud5d8\uc0dd}\n\\date{\\today}\n\n\\begin{document}\n\n\\maketitle\n\n\\begin{abstract}\n\ubcf8 \ubb38\uc11c\ub294 \uc0b0\uc5c5 \ud604\uc7a5\uc758 \ubf08\ub300\uc778 4--20 mA \uc544\ub0a0\ub85c\uadf8 \uc804\ub958 \ub8e8\ud504(Current Loop) \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec \uc6d0\ub9ac\ub97c \ub2e8\uc21c \uc554\uae30\uac00 \uc544\ub2cc \uae30\uc220\uc801 ``\uc2a4\ud1a0\ub9ac''\ub97c \ub530\ub77c \uc774\ud574\ud558\uae30 \uc27d\uac8c \uc815\ub9ac\ud55c \ube14\ub85c\uadf8 \ud3ec\uc2a4\ud305\uc6a9 \uc6d0\uace0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. 2\uc120\uc2dd, 4\uc120\uc2dd \uc561\ud2f0\ube0c(Sourcing), 4\uc120\uc2dd \ud328\uc2dc\ube0c(Sinking)\uc758 \uac1c\ub150\uacfc \uc0c1\ud638 \uad00\uacc4, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc2e4\ubb34 \ud2b8\ub7ec\ube14\uc288\ud305 \uae30\ubc95\uc744 \ub2e4\ub8f9\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n\\end{abstract}\n\n\\section{\ub4e4\uc5b4\uac00\uba70: \uc65c \uc804\uc555\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc804\ub958(4--20 mA)\uc77c\uae4c?}\n\uc0b0\uc5c5 \ud604\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \uc13c\uc11c\uc758 \uce21\uc815\uac12(\uc628\ub3c4, \uc555\ub825 \ub4f1)\uc744 \ucee8\ud2b8\ub864\ub7ec(PLC\/DCS)\ub85c \ubcf4\ub0bc \ub54c, 0--10V \uac19\uc740 \uc804\uc555 \uc2e0\ud638 \ub300\uc2e0 \uc65c \uad73\uc774 4--20 mA \uc804\ub958 \uc2e0\ud638\ub97c \ud45c\uc900\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560\uae4c\uc694? \n\\begin{itemize}\n \\item \\textbf{\uc804\uc555 \uac15\ud558\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\uc810}: \uc804\uc120\uc774 \uae38\uc5b4\uc9c0\uba74 \uc120\ub85c \uc800\ud56d($R_{wire}$) \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc804\uc555\uc774 \ub5a8\uc5b4\uc838(Drop) \uc624\ucc28\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n \\item \\textbf{\uc804\ub958\uc758 \ubd88\ubcc0\uc131}: \uc9c1\ub82c \ud68c\ub85c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc804\ub958\ub294 \uc120\ub85c \uae38\uc774\uc5d0 \uc0c1\uad00\uc5c6\uc774 \uc77c\uc815\ud558\uac8c \ud750\ub974\ubbc0\ub85c \uc6d0\uac70\ub9ac \uc804\uc1a1\uc5d0 \uc808\ub300\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc720\ub9ac\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n \\item \\textbf{Live Zero ($4\\text{ mA}$\uc758 \ub9c8\ubc95)}: \ucd5c\uc800 \uc2e0\ud638\ub97c $0\\text{ mA}$\uac00 \uc544\ub2cc $4\\text{ mA}$\ub85c \uc124\uc815\ud558\uc5ec, \ud68c\uc120 \ub2e8\uc120\uc774\ub098 \uc804\uc6d0 \uace0\uc7a5($0\\text{ mA}$)\uc744 \uc989\uc2dc \uac10\uc9c0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \\textit{Watchdog(\ud558\ud2b8\ube44\ud2b8)} \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c \uc774 $4\\text{ mA}$ \ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 \uc804\ub958\ub294 2\uc120\uc2dd \uae30\uae30\uc758 \ub3d9\uc791 \uc804\uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c\ub3c4 \ud65c\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n\\end{itemize}\n\n\\section{1. \ud575\uc2ec \uc6a9\uc5b4 \uc815\uc758}\n\\begin{enumerate}\n \\item \\textbf{Current Loop (\uc804\ub958 \ub8e8\ud504)}: \uc13c\uc11c \uce21\uc815\uac12\uc744 4--20 mA \uc804\ub958 \ud06c\uae30\ub85c \ubcc0\ud658\ud558\uc5ec \uc804\uc1a1\ud558\ub294 \uc544\ub0a0\ub85c\uadf8 \ud45c\uc900 \ud1b5\uc2e0 \ubc29\uc2dd.\n \\item \\textbf{2-Wire Transmitter (2\uc120\uc2dd \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\ubbf8\ud130)}: \uc804\ub825\uc120\uacfc \uc2e0\ud638\uc120\uc744 2\uac00\ub2e5\uc73c\ub85c \uacf5\uc720\ud558\ub294 \ub8e8\ud504 \ud30c\uc6cc\ub4dc(Loop-powered) \ubc29\uc2dd. \ub0b4\ubd80 \ud68c\ub85c\ub294 $4\\text{ mA}$ \ubbf8\ub9cc\uc758 \uc804\ub825\uc73c\ub85c \uc791\ub3d9\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n \\item \\textbf{Active \/ Sourcing (\uc561\ud2f0\ube0c\/\uc18c\uc2f1)}: \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\ubbf8\ud130\uac00 \ub0b4\ubd80 \uc804\uc6d0\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c 4--20 mA \uc2e0\ud638 \ub8e8\ud504\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc9c1\uc811 \uc804\uc6d0\uacfc \uc804\ub958\ub97c \uacf5\uae09\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd (\\textit{Electrical Source}).\n \\item \\textbf{Passive \/ Sinking (\ud328\uc2dc\ube0c\/\uc2f1\ud0b9)}: \ub0b4\ubd80 \ud68c\ub85c\ub294 \ub3c5\ub9bd \uc804\uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\ub3d9\ud558\ub418, \uc2e0\ud638 \ub8e8\ud504 \uc804\ub958\ub294 \uc218\uc2e0 \uce21(PLC)\uc758 \uc804\uc6d0\uc744 \ubc1b\uc544 \uc870\uc808\ub9cc \ud558\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd (\\textit{Electrical Load}).\n \\item \\textbf{Clamp-on DC Milliammeter (\ud074\ub7a8\ud504\ud615 \uc9c1\ub958 \ubc00\ub9ac\uc554\ubbf8\ud130)}: \ud68c\uc120\uc744 \ub04a\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0(\ube44\uce68\uc2b5\uc801) \uc790\uae30\uc7a5\uc744 \uac10\uc9c0\ud574 \uc9c1\ub958 \uc804\ub958\ub97c \uce21\uc815\ud558\ub294 \ud544\uc218 \ud2b8\ub7ec\ube14\uc288\ud305 \ub3c4\uad6c.\n\\end{enumerate}\n\n\\section{2. \uc6a9\uc5b4 \uac04\uc758 \uad00\uacc4 \ubc0f \uad6c\uc870\uc801 \ube44\uad50}\n\uc544\ub0a0\ub85c\uadf8 \uacc4\uce21 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc744 \uc124\uacc4\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uacb0\uc120\ud560 \ub54c \uac00\uc7a5 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \\textbf{``\ub204\uac00 \uc804\uc6d0\uc744 \uacf5\uae09\ud558\uace0(Source), \ub204\uac00 \uc804\ub958\ub97c \uc18c\ubaa8\ud558\ub294\uac00(Sink)?''}\ub97c \ud30c\uc545\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n\n\\begin{table}[h!]\n\\centering\n\\begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|c|}\n\\hline\n\\textbf{\uad6c\ubd84} & \\textbf{\ub0b4\ubd80 \ud68c\ub85c \uc804\uc6d0} & \\textbf{\uc2e0\ud638 \ub8e8\ud504 \uc804\uc6d0} & \\textbf{\ub8e8\ud504 \ub0b4 \uc5ed\ud560} \\\\ \\hline\n\\textbf{2-Wire} & \ub8e8\ud504 \uc804\ub958($<4\\text{ mA}$)\ub85c \uc790\uccb4 \ud574\uacb0 & \uc218\uc2e0 \uce21(PLC) \uacf5\uae09 & \ubd80\ud558 (Sink) \\\\ \\hline\n\\textbf{4-Wire Active} & \ubcc4\ub3c4 \ub3c5\ub9bd \uc804\uc6d0 & \\textbf{\ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\ubbf8\ud130\uac00 \uacf5\uae09} & \uacf5\uae09\uc6d0 (Source) \\\\ \\hline\n\\textbf{4-Wire Passive} & \ubcc4\ub3c4 \ub3c5\ub9bd \uc804\uc6d0 & \\textbf{\uc218\uc2e0 \uce21(PLC) \uacf5\uae09} & \ubd80\ud558 (Sink) \\\\ \\hline\n\\end{tabular}\n\\caption{\uc804\uc1a1 \ubc29\uc2dd\ubcc4 \uc804\uc6d0 \uacf5\uae09 \uc8fc\uccb4 \ubc0f \uc5ed\ud560 \ube44\uad50}\n\\label{tab:comparison}\n\\end{table}\n\n\\subsection{\uc65c 4\uc120\uc2dd\uc5d0 \ud328\uc2dc\ube0c(Sinking) \ud0c0\uc785\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud560\uae4c?}\n\ud604\uc7a5\uc758 \ucee8\ud2b8\ub864\ub7ec(PLC\/DCS) \uc785\ub825 \uce74\ub4dc\ub294 \uacfc\uac70 2\uc120\uc2dd \uae30\uae30 \uc218\uc6a9\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \uc774\ubbf8 \ub0b4\ubd80 \ub8e8\ud504 \uc804\uc6d0(24V)\uc744 \uae30\ubcf8 \ub0b4\uc7a5\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0 \uc804\uc6d0\uc744 \uc790\uccb4 \uacf5\uae09\ud558\ub294 Active 4\uc120\uc2dd\uc744 \ubb3c\ub9ac\uba74 \\textbf{\uc804\uc6d0 \ucda9\ub3cc(Power Conflict)}\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c ``\ub0b4\ubd80 \ud68c\ub85c\ub294 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud558\uace0 \uc804\ub825\uc774 \ub9ce\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud574 4\uc120\uc2dd \ub3c5\ub9bd \uc804\uc6d0\uc744 \uc4f0\ub418, \uc778\ud130\ud398\uc774\uc2a4\ub294 \uae30\uc874 PLC \uc804\uc6d0\uc5d0 \ub9de\ucdb0 \uc548\uc804\ud558\uac8c \uc2f1\ud06c(Passive)\ub85c \ub3d9\uc791''\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \ub9cc\ub4e0 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n\n\\section{3. \uc2a4\ud1a0\ub9ac\ub85c \uc774\ud574\ud558\ub294 \ud2b8\ub7ec\ube14\uc288\ud305 (Troubleshooting)}\n\ud604\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \uacc4\uae30\uac00 \uace0\uc7a5 \ub0ac\uc744 \ub54c\uc758 \uc2dc\ub098\ub9ac\uc624\ub97c \ub530\ub77c\uac00 \ubd05\uc2dc\ub2e4.\n\\begin{itemize}\n \\item \\textbf{\uc0c1\ud669 1: \uc120\uc744 \ub04a\uc744 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc744 \ub54c (\ube44\uce68\uc2b5 \uc810\uac80)}: \ud074\ub7a8\ud504\ud615 DC \ubc00\ub9ac\uc554\ubbf8\ud130\ub85c \uc804\uc120 \uc8fc\ubcc0\uc758 \uc790\uae30\uc7a5\uc744 \uce21\uc815\ud558\uac70\ub098, \uc218\uc2e0 \uce21 \uc800\ud56d($250\\,\\Omega$) \uc591\ub2e8\uc758 \uc804\uc555 \uac15\ub3c4\ub97c \uce21\uc815\ud574 \uc634\uc758 \ubc95\uce59($I = V \/ R$)\uc73c\ub85c \uc804\ub958\ub97c \uc5ed\uc0b0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n \\item \\textbf{\uc0c1\ud669 2: \uace0\uc7a5 \uad6c\uac04 \ubd84\ub9ac (Isolation)}: \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\ubbf8\ud130 \ubb38\uc81c\uc778\uc9c0 PLC \uc785\ub825 \uce74\ub4dc \ubb38\uc81c\uc778\uc9c0 \ud5f7\uac08\ub9b4 \ub54c, \\textbf{\ub8e8\ud504 \uce98\ub9ac\ube0c\ub808\uc774\ud130(Loop Calibrator)}\ub97c \uaebc\ub0c5\ub2c8\ub2e4. PLC\uc5d0 \uac15\uc81c\ub85c $4, 12, 20\\text{ mA}$\ub97c \uc2dc\ubbac\ub808\uc774\uc158\uc73c\ub85c \uc3f4\uc8fc\uc5b4 \ud654\uba74\uc5d0 \uc815\uc0c1 \ud45c\uc2dc\ub418\uba74 PLC\uc640 \ucf00\uc774\ube14\uc740 \uc815\uc0c1, \ubc94\uc778\uc740 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\ubbf8\ud130\ub85c \ud655\uc815\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n\\end{itemize}\n\n\\section{\ub9fa\uc74c\ub9d0}\n\uc544\ub0a0\ub85c\uadf8 \uc804\uc790\uc2dd \uacc4\uce21\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec\uc740 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud55c \uc554\uae30\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \\textbf{``\uc804\ub958\uc758 \ubd88\ubcc0\uc131, Live Zero\uc758 \uc548\uc804\uc131, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc804\uc6d0 \uacf5\uae09\uc6d0\uacfc \ubd80\ud558\uc758 \uad00\uacc4(Sourcing vs Sinking)''}\ub77c\ub294 \uac70\ub300\ud55c \uc2a4\ud1a0\ub9ac\ub85c \uc5ee\uc5ec \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc6d0\ub9ac\ub97c \uc774\ud574\ud558\uba74 \ud604\uc7a5\uc758 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \uacb0\uc120\ub3c4 \ub450\ub835\uc9c0 \uc54a\uac8c \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n\n\\end{document}<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chapter 13: \uc544\ub0a0\ub85c\uadf8 \uc804\uc790\uc2dd \uacc4\uce21 \uc644\ubcbd \uac00\uc774\ub4dc Chapter 13: \uc544\ub0a0\ub85c\uadf8 \uc804\uc790\uc2dd \uacc4\uce21 (Analog Electronic Instrumentation) \uc0b0\uc5c5\uacc4\uce21\uc81c\uc5b4\uae30\uc220\uc0ac \ub300\ube44 \ud575\uc2ec \uc815\ub9ac \ube14\ub85c\uadf8 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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