{"id":9466,"date":"2026-09-10T20:02:23","date_gmt":"2026-09-10T11:02:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/?p=9466"},"modified":"2026-09-22T17:22:03","modified_gmt":"2026-09-22T08:22:03","slug":"lessions-in-industrial-instrumentation-%eb%8f%85%ec%84%9c%ea%b3%84%ed%9a%8d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/lessions-in-industrial-instrumentation-%eb%8f%85%ec%84%9c%ea%b3%84%ed%9a%8d\/","title":{"rendered":"Lessions in Industrial Instrumentation \ub3c5\uc11c\uacc4\ud68d"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\n\n

Lessons In Industrial Instrumentation<\/h1>\n\n
\n \uc0b0\uc5c5\uacc4\uce21\uc81c\uc5b4\uae30\uc220\uc0ac \uad00\uc810\uc758 \uc804\uccb4 \ub3c5\uc11c \uacc4\ud68d\n <\/div>\n\n\n \n

\uc804\uccb4 \ud559\uc2b5 \ubc29\ud5a5<\/h2>\n\n
\n\n

\n \ucc45\uc744 1\uc7a5\ubd80\ud130 \uc21c\uc11c\ub300\ub85c \uc77d\uae30\ubcf4\ub2e4,\n \uacc4\uce21 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc758 \uc2e4\uc81c \ud750\ub984\uc5d0 \ub9de\ucdb0\n \ud575\uc2ec Chapter\ub97c \uc7ac\ubc30\uc5f4\ud558\uc5ec \uc77d\ub294\ub2e4.\n <\/p>\n\n

\n Process\n \u2192 Measurement\n \u2192 Signal\n \u2192 Controller\n \u2192 Final Element\n \u2192 Process\n <\/div>\n\n
\n \n \ud575\uc2ec\uc740 \uac1c\ubcc4 Chapter\ub97c \ub530\ub85c \uc678\uc6b0\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c,\n \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uacc4\uce21\u00b7\uc81c\uc5b4 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc774 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uad6c\uc131\ub418\ub294\uc9c0\ub97c\n \uc5f0\uacb0\ud574\uc11c \uc774\ud574\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.\n <\/strong>\n <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n\n \n

1\ub2e8\uacc4. \ud604\uc7a5 \uacc4\uce21 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc758 \uad6c\uc870 \uc774\ud574<\/h2>\n\n
\n\n
\n Chapter 6 \u2192 Chapter 7 \u2192 Chapter 8\n <\/div>\n\n\n

Chapter 6. Introduction to Industrial Instrumentation<\/h3>\n\n
    \n
  • Sensor<\/li>\n
  • Controller<\/li>\n
  • Final Control Element<\/li>\n
  • \uacc4\uce21 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc758 \uc804\uccb4 \uad6c\uc870 \uc774\ud574<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n\n

    Chapter 7. Instrumentation Documents<\/h3>\n\n
      \n
    • PFD<\/li>\n
    • P&ID<\/li>\n
    • Loop Diagram<\/li>\n
    • Functional Diagram<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n\n

      Chapter 8. Instrument Connections<\/h3>\n\n
        \n
      • Pipe<\/li>\n
      • Tube<\/li>\n
      • Electrical Wiring<\/li>\n
      • Fiber Optics<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n\n
        \n \uacf5\uc815\uc744 \uc774\ud574\ud55c\ub2e4\n \u2192 \ub3c4\uba74\uc73c\ub85c \ud45c\ud604\ud55c\ub2e4\n \u2192 \uc2e4\uc81c \uc124\ube44\uc640 \uacc4\uae30\ub97c \uc5f0\uacb0\ud55c\ub2e4\n <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n\n \n

        2\ub2e8\uacc4. \ud604\uc7a5 \uc2e0\ud638\uac00 PLC\/DCS\uae4c\uc9c0 \uac00\ub294 \uacfc\uc815<\/h2>\n\n
        \n\n
        \n Chapter 13 \u2192 Chapter 12 \u2192 Chapter 15\n <\/div>\n\n\n

        Chapter 13. Analog Electronic Instrumentation<\/h3>\n\n
          \n
        • 4\u201320 mA<\/li>\n
        • 2-wire \/ 4-wire Transmitter<\/li>\n
        • Loop-powered Transmitter<\/li>\n
        • Current Loop Troubleshooting<\/li>\n
        • NAMUR Signal Level<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n\n

          Chapter 12. Programmable Logic Controllers<\/h3>\n\n
            \n
          • Digital I\/O<\/li>\n
          • Analog I\/O<\/li>\n
          • I\/O Addressing<\/li>\n
          • Ladder Diagram<\/li>\n
          • HMI<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n\n

            Chapter 15. Digital Data Acquisition and Networks<\/h3>\n\n
              \n
            • A\/D Conversion<\/li>\n
            • RS-232 \/ 422 \/ 485<\/li>\n
            • Ethernet<\/li>\n
            • TCP \/ UDP<\/li>\n
            • HART<\/li>\n
            • Modbus<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n\n
              \n Sensor\n \u2192 4\u201320 mA\n \u2192 I\/O\n \u2192 PLC \/ DCS\n \u2192 Network\n <\/div>\n\n
              \n \n \uc774 \ub2e8\uacc4\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec \uc9c8\ubb38:\n \ud604\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \uce21\uc815\ud55c \uac12\uc774 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc2e0\ud638\ub97c \uac70\uccd0\n PLC\/DCS\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc804\ub2ec\ub418\ub294\uac00?\n <\/strong>\n <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n\n \n

              3\ub2e8\uacc4. 4\ub300 \uacf5\uc815\ubcc0\uc218 \uce21\uc815<\/h2>\n\n
              \n\n
              \n Chapter 19 \u2192 Chapter 20 \u2192 Chapter 21 \u2192 Chapter 22\n <\/div>\n\n\n

              Chapter 19. Pressure<\/h3>\n\n
                \n
              • Manometer<\/li>\n
              • Mechanical Pressure Element<\/li>\n
              • Electrical Pressure Sensor<\/li>\n
              • DP Transmitter<\/li>\n
              • Valve Manifold<\/li>\n
              • Impulse Line<\/li>\n
              • Pressure Accessories<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n\n

                Chapter 20. Level<\/h3>\n\n
                  \n
                • Hydrostatic<\/li>\n
                • Differential Pressure<\/li>\n
                • Float<\/li>\n
                • Ultrasonic<\/li>\n
                • Radar<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n\n

                  Chapter 21. Temperature<\/h3>\n\n
                    \n
                  • RTD<\/li>\n
                  • Thermocouple<\/li>\n
                  • Reference Junction Compensation<\/li>\n
                  • Non-contact Measurement<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n\n

                    Chapter 22. Flow<\/h3>\n\n
                      \n
                    • DP Flowmeter<\/li>\n
                    • Orifice<\/li>\n
                    • Venturi<\/li>\n
                    • Rotameter<\/li>\n
                    • Turbine<\/li>\n
                    • Vortex<\/li>\n
                    • Magnetic Flowmeter<\/li>\n
                    • Ultrasonic Flowmeter<\/li>\n
                    • Coriolis Flowmeter<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n\n
                      \n Pressure\n \u2192 Level\n \u2192 Temperature\n \u2192 Flow\n <\/div>\n\n\n
                      \n \uac01 \uce21\uc815 Chapter\uc758 \uacf5\ud1b5 \ud559\uc2b5 \uc21c\uc11c<\/strong>\n

                      \n\n \uce21\uc815\uc6d0\ub9ac\n \u2192 \uacc4\uae30 \uad6c\uc870\n \u2192 \uc124\uce58\n \u2192 \uc624\ucc28\n \u2192 \uc801\uc6a9\uc870\uac74\n \u2192 \ubb38\uc81c\uc810\n <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n\n \n

                      4\ub2e8\uacc4. Final Control Element<\/h2>\n\n
                      \n\n
                      \n Chapter 27. Control Valves\n <\/div>\n\n
                        \n
                      • Globe \/ Ball \/ Butterfly Valve<\/li>\n
                      • Actuator<\/li>\n
                      • Fail Open \/ Fail Close<\/li>\n
                      • Positioner<\/li>\n
                      • Split Range<\/li>\n
                      • Valve Sizing<\/li>\n
                      • Cv<\/li>\n
                      • Inherent \/ Installed Characteristic<\/li>\n
                      • Flashing<\/li>\n
                      • Cavitation<\/li>\n
                      • Choked Flow<\/li>\n
                      • Noise<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n\n
                        \n Sensor\n \u2192 Transmitter\n \u2192 Controller\n \u2192 Control Valve\n <\/div>\n\n\n
                        \n \n \uc55e \ub2e8\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uacf5\uc815\ubcc0\uc218\ub97c \uce21\uc815\ud588\ub2e4\uba74,\n \uc774\uc81c Controller\uc758 \uba85\ub839\uc73c\ub85c\n \uc2e4\uc81c \uacf5\uc815\uc744 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc73c\ub85c \uc870\uc791\ud558\ub294\uc9c0\ub97c \ubc30\uc6b4\ub2e4.\n <\/strong>\n <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n\n \n

                        5\ub2e8\uacc4. PID\uc640 \uacf5\uc815 \ub3d9\ud2b9\uc131<\/h2>\n\n
                        \n\n
                        \n Chapter 29 \u2192 Chapter 30\n <\/div>\n\n\n

                        Chapter 29. Closed-loop Control<\/h3>\n\n
                          \n
                        • Feedback<\/li>\n
                        • Proportional<\/li>\n
                        • Integral<\/li>\n
                        • Derivative<\/li>\n
                        • Offset<\/li>\n
                        • PID Equation<\/li>\n
                        • Digital PID<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n\n

                          Chapter 30. Process Dynamics and PID Tuning<\/h3>\n\n
                            \n
                          • Self-regulating Process<\/li>\n
                          • Integrating Process<\/li>\n
                          • Runaway Process<\/li>\n
                          • Process Gain<\/li>\n
                          • Lag<\/li>\n
                          • Multiple Lag<\/li>\n
                          • Dead Time<\/li>\n
                          • Ziegler-Nichols<\/li>\n
                          • PID Tuning<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n\n
                            \n Process Dynamics\n + PID\n \u2192 Control Performance\n <\/div>\n\n\n
                            \n \n Controller\ub9cc \uc774\ud574\ud558\uba74 \ubd80\uc871\ud558\ub2e4.\n Process\uc758 Gain, Lag, Dead Time\uc744 \ud568\uaed8 \uc774\ud574\ud574\uc57c\n PID \uc751\ub2f5\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.\n <\/strong>\n <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n\n \n

                            6\ub2e8\uacc4. \uace0\uae09 \uc81c\uc5b4\uc804\ub7b5<\/h2>\n\n
                            \n\n
                            \n Chapter 31. Basic Process Control Strategies\n <\/div>\n\n
                              \n
                            • Cascade Control<\/li>\n
                            • Ratio Control<\/li>\n
                            • Feedforward Control<\/li>\n
                            • Lead \/ Lag<\/li>\n
                            • Selector Control<\/li>\n
                            • Override Control<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n\n
                              \n LIC\n \u2192 SP\n \u2192 FIC\n \u2192 FV\n <\/div>\n\n\n

                              \n Chapter 7\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 Functional Diagram\uc744 \uc77d\uc5c8\ub2e4.\n Chapter 31\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uadf8 Functional Diagram\uc5d0 \ub098\ud0c0\ub09c\n \uc81c\uc5b4\uc804\ub7b5\uc744 \uc2e4\uc81c \uc81c\uc5b4 \uad00\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ud574\ud55c\ub2e4.\n <\/p>\n\n\n

                              \n \n Chapter 7 = \uc81c\uc5b4\uc804\ub7b5\uc744 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ud45c\ud604\ud558\ub294\uac00?\n
                              \n Chapter 31 = \uc65c \uadf8\ub7f0 \uc81c\uc5b4\uc804\ub7b5\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294\uac00?\n <\/strong>\n <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n\n \n

                              7\ub2e8\uacc4. Safety Instrumentation<\/h2>\n\n
                              \n\n
                              \n Chapter 32. Process Safety and Instrumentation\n <\/div>\n\n
                                \n
                              • Hazardous Area<\/li>\n
                              • Probability<\/li>\n
                              • Failure Rate<\/li>\n
                              • MTBF<\/li>\n
                              • PFD<\/li>\n
                              • Redundancy<\/li>\n
                              • Proof Test<\/li>\n
                              • SIS<\/li>\n
                              • Sensor<\/li>\n
                              • Logic Solver<\/li>\n
                              • Final Element<\/li>\n
                              • SIL<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n\n
                                \n Sensor\n \u2192 Logic Solver\n \u2192 Final Element\n <\/div>\n\n\n

                                \n \uc77c\ubc18 \uc81c\uc5b4\ub8e8\ud504\uc640 \uad6c\uc870\ub294 \uc720\uc0ac\ud558\ub2e4.\n \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ubaa9\uc801\uc740 \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc81c\uc5b4\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c\n \uc704\ud5d8 \uc800\uac10<\/strong>\uc774\ub2e4.\n <\/p>\n\n\n

                                \n \n BPCS: \uacf5\uc815\uc744 \uc815\uc0c1\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc6b4\uc804\ud55c\ub2e4.\n

                                \n SIS: \uc704\ud5d8 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc5d0\uc11c \uacf5\uc815\uc744 \uc548\uc804\ud55c \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4e0\ub2e4.\n <\/strong>\n <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n\n \n

                                8\ub2e8\uacc4. \ud1b5\uc2e0 \uc2ec\ud654<\/h2>\n\n
                                \n\n
                                \n Chapter 16 \u2192 Chapter 17\n <\/div>\n\n\n

                                Chapter 16. FOUNDATION Fieldbus<\/h3>\n\n
                                  \n
                                • H1 Physical Layer<\/li>\n
                                • Segment<\/li>\n
                                • Function Block<\/li>\n
                                • Device Configuration<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n\n

                                  Chapter 17. Wireless Instrumentation<\/h3>\n\n
                                    \n
                                  • WirelessHART<\/li>\n
                                  • Radio System<\/li>\n
                                  • Antenna<\/li>\n
                                  • Link Budget<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n\n
                                    \n 4\u201320 mA\n \u2192 HART\n \u2192 Fieldbus\n \u2192 Wireless\n <\/div>\n\n\n
                                    \n \n Analog \uc2e0\ud638 \uc804\uc1a1\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uc5ec\n Digital Field Communication\uc73c\ub85c \ud655\uc7a5\ub418\ub294 \ud750\ub984\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ud574\ud55c\ub2e4.\n <\/strong>\n <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n\n \n

                                    \uc804\uccb4 \uc2a4\ud1a0\ub9ac<\/h2>\n\n
                                    \n\n
                                    \n Process\n \u2192 Measurement\n \u2192 Signal\n \u2192 Controller\n \u2192 Final Element\n \u2192 Process\n <\/div>\n\n

                                    \n \uc804\uccb4 \ucc45\uc744 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uacc4\uce21\u00b7\uc81c\uc5b4 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc73c\ub85c \uc5f0\uacb0\ud558\uba74\n \ub2e4\uc74c \uc9c8\ubb38\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\ub9ac\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.\n <\/p>\n\n\n

                                    \n\n \n\n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
                                    \uc9c8\ubb38<\/th>\n \ud574\ub2f9 Chapter<\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n\n
                                    \uacf5\uc7a5\uc744 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ud45c\ud604\ud558\ub294\uac00?<\/td>\n Chapter 7<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n\n
                                    \uacc4\uae30\ub97c \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uc5f0\uacb0\ud558\ub294\uac00?<\/td>\n Chapter 8<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n\n
                                    \uacc4\uae30 \uc2e0\ud638\ub97c \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uc804\ub2ec\ud558\ub294\uac00?<\/td>\n Chapter 13<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n\n
                                    PLC\ub294 \uc2e0\ud638\ub97c \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ubc1b\ub294\uac00?<\/td>\n Chapter 12<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n\n
                                    Digital communication\uc740 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ud558\ub294\uac00?<\/td>\n Chapter 15~17<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n\n
                                    Pressure \/ Level \/ Temperature \/ Flow\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uce21\uc815\ud558\ub294\uac00?<\/td>\n Chapter 19~22<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n\n
                                    \uacf5\uc815\uc744 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc73c\ub85c \uc870\uc791\ud558\ub294\uac00?<\/td>\n Chapter 27<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n\n
                                    Feedback control\uc740 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ud558\ub294\uac00?<\/td>\n Chapter 29~30<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n\n
                                    \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \uc81c\uc5b4\uc804\ub7b5\uc740 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uad6c\uc131\ud558\ub294\uac00?<\/td>\n Chapter 31<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n\n
                                    \uc704\ud5d8 \ubc1c\uc0dd \uc2dc \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uc548\uc804\ud558\uac8c \uc815\uc9c0\ud558\ub294\uac00?<\/td>\n Chapter 32<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n\n <\/tbody>\n\n <\/table>\n\n <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n\n \n

                                    \ud604\uc7ac\ubd80\ud130\uc758 \uc2e4\uc81c \ub3c5\uc11c \uc21c\uc11c<\/h2>\n\n
                                    \n\n
                                    \n Chapter 7\n \u2192 Chapter 8\n \u2192 Chapter 13\n \u2192 Chapter 12\n \u2192 Chapter 15\n \u2192 Chapter 19\n \u2192 Chapter 20\n \u2192 Chapter 21\n \u2192 Chapter 22\n \u2192 Chapter 27\n \u2192 Chapter 29\n \u2192 Chapter 30\n \u2192 Chapter 31\n \u2192 Chapter 32\n <\/div>\n\n
                                    \n \n \uc21c\uc11c\ub294 \ucc45\uc758 \ubaa9\ucc28 \uc21c\uc11c\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c\n \uacc4\uce21 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc758 \uc2e4\uc81c \ub3d9\uc791 \ud750\ub984\uc744 \uae30\uc900\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ud55c\ub2e4.\n <\/strong>\n <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n\n \n

                                    \uac01 Chapter\uc758 \ud559\uc2b5 \ub8e8\ud2f4<\/h2>\n\n
                                    \n\n
                                    \n \uc77d\uae30\n \u2192 \uc6a9\uc5b4 \uc815\uc758\n \u2192 \uc6a9\uc5b4 \uac04 \uad00\uacc4\n \u2192 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc2a4\ud1a0\ub9ac\n \u2192 \ud55c \ubb38\uc81c\uc529 \ubb38\ub2f5\n \u2192 \ucd5c\uc885 \uc815\ub9ac\n <\/div>\n\n

                                    \n \ub2e8\uc21c \uc554\uae30\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uba3c\uc800 \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \uc774\ud574\ud55c\ub2e4.\n <\/p>\n\n

                                    \n \uc774\ud6c4 \ubb38\ub2f5\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc2e4\uc81c \uc774\ud574 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud558\uace0,\n \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9\uc5d0 WordPress \ub610\ub294 Overleaf \ubb38\uc11c\ub85c \uc815\ub9ac\ud55c\ub2e4.\n <\/p>\n\n

                                    \n \n \uc6a9\uc5b4\ub97c \uc678\uc6b0\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c\n \uc6a9\uc5b4\uac00 \uc65c \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uace0 \uc11c\ub85c \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uc5f0\uacb0\ub418\ub294\uc9c0\ub97c \uae30\uc5b5\ud55c\ub2e4.\n <\/strong>\n <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n\n \n

                                    \ucd5c\uc885 \uc554\uae30 \uad6c\uc870<\/h2>\n\n
                                    \n Process\n
                                    \u2193
                                    \n Instrumentation Documents\n
                                    \u2193
                                    \n Physical Connection\n
                                    \u2193
                                    \n Signal Transmission\n
                                    \u2193
                                    \n PLC \/ DCS\n
                                    \u2193
                                    \n Process Measurement\n
                                    \u2193
                                    \n Control Valve\n
                                    \u2193
                                    \n PID \/ Process Dynamics\n
                                    \u2193
                                    \n Advanced Control Strategy\n
                                    \u2193
                                    \n Safety Instrumented System\n <\/div>\n\n\n
                                    \n Instrumentation, Process Measurement, PID Control, Industrial Communication, Process Safety\n <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                    Lessons In Industrial Instrumentation \uc0b0\uc5c5\uacc4\uce21\uc81c\uc5b4\uae30\uc220\uc0ac \uad00\uc810\uc758 \uc804\uccb4 \ub3c5\uc11c \uacc4\ud68d \uc804\uccb4 \ud559\uc2b5 \ubc29\ud5a5 \ucc45\uc744 1\uc7a5\ubd80\ud130 \uc21c\uc11c\ub300\ub85c \uc77d\uae30\ubcf4\ub2e4, \uacc4\uce21 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc758 \uc2e4\uc81c \ud750\ub984\uc5d0 \ub9de\ucdb0 \ud575\uc2ec Chapter\ub97c \uc7ac\ubc30\uc5f4\ud558\uc5ec \uc77d\ub294\ub2e4. Process \u2192 Measurement \u2192 Signal \u2192 Controller \u2192 Final Element \u2192 Process \ud575\uc2ec\uc740 \uac1c\ubcc4 Chapter\ub97c \ub530\ub85c \uc678\uc6b0\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uacc4\uce21\u00b7\uc81c\uc5b4 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc774 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uad6c\uc131\ub418\ub294\uc9c0\ub97c \uc5f0\uacb0\ud574\uc11c \uc774\ud574\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. 1\ub2e8\uacc4. \ud604\uc7a5 \uacc4\uce21 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1185],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9466","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-1185"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9466","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9466"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9466\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9517,"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9466\/revisions\/9517"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9466"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9466"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9466"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}