{"id":9782,"date":"2026-10-28T23:09:14","date_gmt":"2026-10-28T14:09:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/?p=9782"},"modified":"2026-10-28T23:09:16","modified_gmt":"2026-10-28T14:09:16","slug":"lessons-in-industrial-instrumentation-chapter-22-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/lessons-in-industrial-instrumentation-chapter-22-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Lessons In Industrial Instrumentation, Chapter 22, 2"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-now-0930 wp-block-embed-now-0930\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"OQP1dkbVGb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/%ec%bd%94%eb%a6%ac%ec%98%ac%eb%a6%ac-%ed%9e%98-%ea%b0%80%ec%86%8d%eb%8f%84\/\">\ucf54\ub9ac\uc62c\ub9ac \ud798, \uac00\uc18d\ub3c4<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"\u201c\ucf54\ub9ac\uc62c\ub9ac \ud798, \uac00\uc18d\ub3c4\u201d \u2014 now0930 \uc77c\uc9c0\" src=\"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/%ec%bd%94%eb%a6%ac%ec%98%ac%eb%a6%ac-%ed%9e%98-%ea%b0%80%ec%86%8d%eb%8f%84\/embed\/#?secret=VuSLTRzYOo#?secret=OQP1dkbVGb\" data-secret=\"OQP1dkbVGb\" width=\"580\" height=\"327\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"ko\"><head><meta charset=\"UTF-8\"><meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1\"><title>Chapter 22 (\ud6c4\uc18d\ud3b8) \u2014 True mass flowmeters ~ Process suitability<\/title>\n<style>\n.chapter19-wide{box-sizing:border-box;width:min(96%,1540px);max-width:1540px;margin:24px auto;padding:34px 40px;font-family:'Noto Sans KR','Malgun Gothic',Arial,sans-serif;color:#23313c;font-size:19px;line-height:1.82;overflow-wrap:anywhere;background:#fff}\n.chapter19-wide *{box-sizing:border-box}.chapter19-wide h1{font-size:2.1em;line-height:1.35;color:#173b56;margin:0 0 14px}.chapter19-wide h2{font-size:1.53em;color:#14587b;border-bottom:3px solid #277da8;padding-bottom:10px;margin:50px 0 20px}.chapter19-wide h3{font-size:1.19em;color:#285774;margin:28px 0 10px}.chapter19-wide h4{font-size:1.06em;margin:24px 0 8px;color:#315672}.chapter19-wide p{margin:12px 0}.chapter19-wide .subtitle{color:#566a77;font-size:1.08em;margin-bottom:25px}.chapter19-wide .flowline{border-left:5px solid #3288af;background:#eff8fc;padding:15px 20px;margin:19px 0;font-weight:600}.chapter19-wide .note{border-left:4px solid #b8863a;padding:14px 20px;background:#fff9ef;margin:19px 0}.chapter19-wide .formula{font-family:Cambria,'Times New Roman',serif;font-size:1.18em;text-align:center;padding:17px 12px;background:#f3f7fa;border:1px solid #d9e5ed;border-radius:8px;overflow-x:auto;margin:16px 0}.chapter19-wide .small{font-size:.85em;color:#5b6a76}.chapter19-wide .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:.73em;letter-spacing:.02em;color:#276489;border:1px solid #a6c3d4;padding:2px 9px;border-radius:14px;margin-right:6px}.chapter19-wide table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;margin:18px 0;font-size:.9em}.chapter19-wide th,.chapter19-wide td{padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #cfdde5;vertical-align:top}.chapter19-wide th{background:#eaf3f8;color:#194862}.chapter19-wide tr:nth-child(even) td{background:#fafcfd}.chapter19-wide .tablewrap{overflow-x:auto}.chapter19-wide .figure{margin:18px auto;text-align:center;max-width:900px}.chapter19-wide .figure svg{width:100%;height:auto;border:1px solid #dae5eb;background:#fbfdfe;border-radius:8px}.chapter19-wide figcaption{font-size:.83em;color:#61717d;line-height:1.5}.chapter19-wide .two{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:15px}.chapter19-wide .box{padding:14px;border:1px solid #d7e3e9;border-radius:8px}.chapter19-wide ol,.chapter19-wide ul{padding-left:1.45em}.chapter19-wide li{padding:2px 0}.chapter19-wide .ref{font-size:.78em;border-top:1px solid #d7e4eb;padding-top:18px;margin-top:46px;color:#61717d}@media(max-width:750px){.chapter19-wide{width:100%;padding:17px 15px;font-size:17px}.chapter19-wide .two{grid-template-columns:1fr}.chapter19-wide h1{font-size:1.65em}.chapter19-wide table{font-size:.82em}}\n<\/style><\/head><body>\n<div class=\"chapter19-wide\">\n<h1>Chapter 22. Continuous Fluid Flow Measurement \u2014 \ud6c4\uc18d\ud3b8<\/h1>\n<div class=\"subtitle\">22.7 \uc9c4\uc815 \uc9c8\ub7c9\uc720\ub7c9\uacc4 \u2192 22.8 \uc911\ub7c9\uc2dd \uacf5\uae09\uae30 \u2192 22.9 \ubb3c\uc9c8\ub7c9 \ubcc0\ud654\uc2dd \u2192 22.10 \uc0bd\uc785\ud615 \u2192 22.11 \uacc4\uae30 \uc801\ud569\uc131<br>\ubb3c\ub9ac \ud604\uc0c1 \u2192 \uce21\uc815 \ubcc0\uc218 \u2192 \uacc4\uc0b0\uc2dd \u2192 \ud55c\uacc4\uc640 \ud604\uc7a5 \uc801\uc6a9<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"tag\">\uae30\uc874 \uae00 22.6\uc808 \uc774\ud6c4<\/span><span class=\"tag\">\uc6d0\uc11c 2.32<\/span><span class=\"tag\">\ud544\uae30 PDF 3\ucabd \ubc18\uc601<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"note\">\uc774 \ubb38\uc11c\ub294 \uae30\uc874 <strong>Chapter 22, 1<\/strong> \uae00\uc758 \ubcf8\ubb38\uc744 \ubcc0\uacbd\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 <strong>\ucd94\uac00 \ud559\uc2b5 \ubb38\uc11c<\/strong>\uc774\ub2e4. \ud544\uae30\uc640 \uc6d0\uc11c\ub97c \ud569\uce58\ub418, \ud68c\uc804\uc88c\ud45c\uacc4\uc758 \ubd80\ud638\u00b7SI \ub2e8\uc704\u00b7\uadfc\uc0ac\uc2dd\uc740 \ud63c\ub3d9\uc744 \ub9c9\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ubcc4\ub3c4\ub85c \ud45c\uc2dc\ud588\ub2e4. \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud55c <b>K<\/b>\ub294 \uce21\uc815 \ubcc0\uc218\uc640 \uc720\ub7c9\uc744 \uc5f0\uacb0\ud558\ub294 \ubcc0\ud658\/\uad50\uc815 \uacc4\uc218\uc774\uba70, \uadf8 \ubb3c\ub9ac\uc801 \uc758\ubbf8\uc640 \ub2e8\uc704\ub294 \uc720\ub7c9\uacc4\ub9c8\ub2e4 \ub2e4\ub974\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2>1. \uc804\uccb4 \uad6c\uc870\uc640 \uae30\ubcf8 \uc6a9\uc5b4<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tablewrap\"><table><tr><th>\uc6d0\uc11c \uc808<\/th><th>\ud575\uc2ec \uc6d0\ub9ac<\/th><th>\ub300\ud45c \uce21\uc815\uac12<\/th><th>\ucd9c\ub825\/\uacc4\uc0b0<\/th><\/tr><tr><td>22.7.1 Coriolis<\/td><td>\uc9c4\ub3d9\ud558\ub294 \uad00 \uc548\uc758 \uc720\uccb4 \uad00\uc131 \ubc0f \ucf54\ub9ac\uc62c\ub9ac \ud6a8\uacfc<\/td><td>\ub450 \uac80\ucd9c\uc810\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04\ucc28\/\uc704\uc0c1\ucc28<\/td><td>\uc9c8\ub7c9\uc720\ub7c9 W, \uacf5\uc9c4 \uc8fc\ud30c\uc218\ub85c \ubc00\ub3c4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>22.7.2 Thermal<\/td><td>\uc720\uccb4\uc758 \ub300\ub958 \uc5f4\uc804\ub2ec<\/td><td>\uc13c\uc11c \uc628\ub3c4\u00b7\uac00\uc5f4 \uc804\ub825<\/td><td>\uad50\uc815\ub41c \uc9c8\ub7c9\uc720\ub7c9 W<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>22.8 Weighfeeder<\/td><td>\uc774\ub3d9 \ubca8\ud2b8\uc758 \ub2e8\uc704 \uae38\uc774\ub2f9 \uc801\uc7ac\ub7c9<\/td><td>\ub85c\ub4dc\uc140\u00b7\ubca8\ud2b8 \uc18d\ub3c4<\/td><td>W=\u03bbv<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>22.9 Change-of-quantity<\/td><td>\uc800\uc7a5\ub7c9\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04 \ubcc0\ud654<\/td><td>\uc9c8\ub7c9 \ub610\ub294 \uccb4\uc801\uc758 \uc2dc\uacc4\uc5f4<\/td><td>W=dm\/dt, Q=dV\/dt<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>22.10 Insertion<\/td><td>\ubc30\uad00 \ub0b4\ubd80 \uad6d\ubd80 \uc601\uc5ed \uac80\ucd9c<\/td><td>\uae30\uc220\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ucc28\uc555\u00b7\uc8fc\ud30c\uc218\u00b7\uc628\ub3c4 \ub4f1<\/td><td>\uc720\uc18d \ubd84\ud3ec \ubcf4\uc815\uc744 \uac70\uccd0 \uc720\ub7c9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>22.11 Suitability<\/td><td>\uacf5\uc815 \uc870\uac74\uacfc \uacc4\uae30 \ud2b9\uc131 \ube44\uad50<\/td><td>\uc815\ud655\ub3c4\u00b7\uc720\uccb4 \ubb3c\uc131\u00b7\uc555\ub825\uc190\uc2e4<\/td><td>\uc120\uc815 \ubc0f \uc7a5\uae30 \uc6b4\uc804\ube44 \uac80\ud1a0<\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/div>\n<div class=\"formula\"><b>W = dm\/dt = \u03c1Q<\/b> &nbsp; (\uc9c8\ub7c9\uc720\ub7c9, kg\/s)<br><b>Q = dV\/dt = A v\u0304<\/b> &nbsp; (\uccb4\uc801\uc720\ub7c9, m\u00b3\/s)<\/div>\n<p><b>W<\/b>\ub294 \uc774 \uc6d0\uc11c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc4f0\ub294 \uc9c8\ub7c9\uc720\ub7c9 \ud45c\uae30\uc774\uba70 <b>\u1e41<\/b>\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ubb3c\ub9ac\ub7c9\uc774\ub2e4. <b>m<\/b>\uc740 \uc9c8\ub7c9(kg), <b>W<\/b>\ub294 \ub2e8\uc704 \uc2dc\uac04\ub2f9 \uc774\ub3d9\ud558\ub294 \uc9c8\ub7c9(kg\/s)\uc774\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc758 W\ub294 \uc804\ub825 \ub2e8\uc704 \uc640\ud2b8(W)\ub098 \uc911\ub7c9 \uc790\uccb4\uc640 \ud63c\ub3d9\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4. <b>\u03c1Q<\/b>\ub294 \ud574\ub2f9 \uc9c0\uc810\uc758 \ubc00\ub3c4\uc640 \uccb4\uc801\uc720\ub7c9\uc758 \uacf1\uc774\uba70, \ubc00\ub3c4\uac00 \uc77c\uc815\ud560 \ub54c \ud2b9\ud788 \ud3b8\ub9ac\ud558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2>2. 22.7 True mass flowmeters \u2014 \uc9c4\uc815 \uc9c8\ub7c9\uc720\ub7c9\uacc4<\/h2>\n<h3>2.1 \uc9c8\ub7c9\uc720\ub7c9\uc744 \uc9c1\uc811 \uce21\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uc774\uc720<\/h3>\n<p>\uccb4\uc801\uc720\ub7c9\ub9cc \uce21\uc815\ud558\uba74 \uc720\uccb4\uc758 \ubc00\ub3c4\uac00 \ubcc0\ud560 \ub54c \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \uccb4\uc801\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc788\ub294 \uc9c8\ub7c9\uc774 \ub2ec\ub77c\uc9c4\ub2e4. \ucc28\uc555\uc2dd\uc758 \uc9c8\ub7c9\uc720\ub7c9\uc740 \ubc00\ub3c4 \ubcf4\uc815\uc774 \uc911\uc694\ud558\ub2e4. \ubc18\uba74 \uc9c4\uc815 \uc9c8\ub7c9\uc720\ub7c9\uacc4\ub294 \uc9c8\ub7c9\uc720\ub7c9\uacfc \uc9c1\uc811 \uad00\uacc4\ub418\ub294 \ud604\uc0c1(\uad00\uc131 \ub610\ub294 \uc5f4\uc190\uc2e4)\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud55c\ub2e4. \ub2e8, \u2018\uc9c1\uc811\u2019\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ud45c\ud604\uc740 <b>\ubb3c\uc131 \ubc0f \uc6b4\uc804 \uc870\uac74\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\uc774 \uc804\ud600 \uc5c6\ub2e4<\/b>\ub294 \uc758\ubbf8\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h3>2.2 22.7.1 Coriolis flowmeters \u2014 \ucf54\ub9ac\uc62c\ub9ac \uc720\ub7c9\uacc4<\/h3>\n<h4>\uac00. \uad6c\ub3d9 \uc9c4\ub3d9\uacfc \ud68c\uc804\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc758 \uad00\uacc4<\/h4>\n<p>\uad6c\ub3d9 \ucf54\uc77c\uc774 U\uc790\ud615 \uad00\uc744 \uc8fc\uae30\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uad7d\ud798 \uc9c4\ub3d9\uc2dc\ud0a8\ub2e4. \uad00 \uc804\uccb4\uac00 \ud55c \ubc29\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c \uacc4\uc18d \ud68c\uc804\ud558\uc9c0\ub294 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4. \uc591\ub05d\uc774 \uc9c0\uc9c0\ub41c \uad00\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80\uac00 \ud0c4\uc131 \ubcc0\ud615\ud558\uba70 <b>\uc21c\uac04\uc801\uc778 \ud68c\uc804 \uc131\ubd84(\uac01\uc18d\ub3c4)<\/b>\uc744 \uac16\ub294\ub2e4. \uc774\ub97c \uc124\uba85\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc6d0\uc11c\ub294 \ud314\uafc8\uce58\ub97c \ud68c\uc804\ucd95\uc73c\ub85c \uc0bc\uc544 \ubb3c\uc774 \ud750\ub974\ub294 \ud638\uc2a4\ub97c \uc88c\uc6b0\ub85c \ud754\ub4dc\ub294 \ube44\uc720\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<div class=\"flowline\">\uad6c\ub3d9 \ucf54\uc77c \u2192 \uad00\uc758 \uc655\ubcf5 \uc9c4\ub3d9 \u2192 \uad6d\ubd80\uc801\uc778 \uac01\uc18d\ub3c4 \u03a9 \ubc1c\uc0dd \u2192 \ud750\ub974\ub294 \uc720\uccb4\uc5d0 \ucf54\ub9ac\uc62c\ub9ac \ud6a8\uacfc \u2192 \ube44\ud2c0\ub9bc \ubc0f \uac80\ucd9c\uc810 \uc2dc\uac04\ucc28 \u2192 \uc9c8\ub7c9\uc720\ub7c9 W<\/div>\n<figure class=\"figure\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 740 235\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><defs><marker id=\"arrow22a\" markerWidth=\"8\" markerHeight=\"8\" refX=\"6\" refY=\"3\" orient=\"auto\"><path d=\"M0 0L6 3L0 6\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#167ca6\" stroke-width=\"1.6\"\/><\/marker><\/defs><text x=\"17\" y=\"25\" fill=\"#213849\" font-size=\"17\" font-weight=\"bold\">\uc6d0\uc11c\uc758 \ud638\uc2a4 \ube44\uc720: \ud3c9\uba74\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc655\ubcf5 \uac01\uc6b4\ub3d9<\/text><circle cx=\"142\" cy=\"122\" r=\"12\" fill=\"#d3a26a\" stroke=\"#754f2b\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M142 122 L415 60\" stroke=\"#90a6af\" stroke-width=\"10\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-dasharray=\"10 9\"\/><path d=\"M142 122 L425 122\" stroke=\"#167ca6\" stroke-width=\"12\" stroke-linecap=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M142 122 L415 186\" stroke=\"#90a6af\" stroke-width=\"10\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-dasharray=\"10 9\"\/><path d=\"M423 88 A100 100 0 0 1 423 156\" stroke=\"#d77c44\" stroke-width=\"3\" fill=\"none\" marker-end=\"url(#arrow22a)\"\/><text x=\"74\" y=\"104\" font-size=\"16\" fill=\"#333\">\ud68c\uc804\ucd95<\/text><text x=\"290\" y=\"104\" font-size=\"16\" fill=\"#167ca6\">\ud604\uc7ac \ud638\uc2a4 \uc704\uce58<\/text><text x=\"490\" y=\"95\" font-size=\"16\" fill=\"#444\">\ud55c\ucabd \ubc29\ud5a5 \ud68c\uc804<\/text><text x=\"490\" y=\"122\" font-size=\"16\" fill=\"#444\">\u2192 \uc815\uc9c0 \u2192 \ubc18\ub300 \ubc29\ud5a5 \ud68c\uc804<\/text><text x=\"490\" y=\"150\" font-size=\"15\" fill=\"#aa5f2d\">\u03a9\uac00 \uc8fc\uae30\uc801\uc73c\ub85c + \/ \u2212 \ubcc0\uacbd<\/text><text x=\"18\" y=\"222\" font-size=\"14\" fill=\"#61717d\">\uac1c\ub150\ub3c4: \uc2e4\uc81c \ucf54\ub9ac\uc62c\ub9ac \uacc4\uae30\ub294 \uac15\uccb4 \ud638\uc2a4\uac00 \uc544\ub2cc \ud0c4\uc131 \uc720\ub3d9\uad00\uc758 \uc9c4\ub3d9 \ubaa8\ub4dc\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/text><\/svg><figcaption>\uad00\uc774 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \uc0c1\ud558 \ud3c9\ud589\uc774\ub3d9\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uad6d\ubd80\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uad7d\uc5b4 \uae30\uc6b8\uae30\uac00 \ubc14\ub00c\ub294 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4>\ub098. \uac01\uc18d\ub3c4 \u03a9\uc640 \uac01\uac00\uc18d\ub3c4 \u03b1\uc758 \uad6c\ubd84<\/h4><div class=\"formula\">\u03b8(t)=\u03b8\u2080sin(\u03c9<sub>d<\/sub>t) &nbsp; \/ &nbsp; \u03a9(t)=d\u03b8\/dt=\u03b8\u2080\u03c9<sub>d<\/sub>cos(\u03c9<sub>d<\/sub>t)<br>\u03b1(t)=d\u03a9\/dt=\u2212\u03b8\u2080\u03c9<sub>d<\/sub>\u00b2sin(\u03c9<sub>d<\/sub>t)<\/div><p>\uc9c4\ub3d9 \uc911 \uac01\uc18d\ub3c4 \u03a9\uc640 \uac01\uac00\uc18d\ub3c4 \u03b1\ub294 \ubaa8\ub450 \ubcc0\ud654\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ucf54\ub9ac\uc62c\ub9ac \ud56d\uc5d0 \uc9c1\uc811 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 <b>\uac01\uc18d\ub3c4 \u03a9<\/b>\uc774\ub2e4. \u03c9<sub>d<\/sub>\ub294 \uc9c4\ub3d9 \uac01\uc8fc\ud30c\uc218\uc774\uba70 \u03a9(t)\uc640 \uad6c\ubcc4\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h4>\ub2e4. \ucf54\ub9ac\uc62c\ub9ac \ud798\uc758 \ubc29\ud5a5 \ubc0f \uc88c\ud45c\uacc4<\/h4>\n<p>\ud68c\uc804\ud558\ub294 \uc88c\ud45c\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uad00 \ub0b4\ubd80 \uc720\uccb4\uac00 \uad00\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc18d\ub3c4 <b>v<\/b>\ub85c \uc774\ub3d9\ud560 \ub54c \uc720\uccb4\uc5d0 \ub3c4\uc785\ub418\ub294 \ucf54\ub9ac\uc62c\ub9ac \uad00\uc131\ub825\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\ub2e4.<\/p><div class=\"formula\"><b>F<sub>C,pseudo<\/sub> = \u22122m(\u03a9 \u00d7 v)<\/b><br><b>a<sub>C,pseudo<\/sub> = \u22122(\u03a9 \u00d7 v)<\/b><\/div>\n<p>\uc5ec\uae30\uc11c m\uc740 \uc0dd\uac01 \uc911\uc778 \uc720\uccb4 \ubbf8\uc18c \uc9c8\ub7c9\uc774\uba70, \u03a9\ub294 \ud68c\uc804\uc88c\ud45c\uacc4\uc758 \uac01\uc18d\ub3c4 \ubca1\ud130(rad\/s), v\ub294 \uad00\uc5d0 \uc0c1\ub300\uc801\uc778 \uc720\uccb4 \uc18d\ub3c4 \ubca1\ud130(m\/s)\uc774\ub2e4. <b>\uad00\uc758 \uc9c4\ub3d9\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc124\uba85<\/b>\uc5d0 \uc774 \uc2dd\uc744 \uc4f0\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub294 \uad6d\ubd80\uc801\uc778 \ud68c\uc804 \uc131\ubd84\uc744 \uc774\ud574\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ub2e8\uc21c\ud654\ub77c\ub294 \uc810\uc5d0 \uc8fc\uc758\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tablewrap\"><table><tr><th>\uc608\uc2dc \uc88c\ud45c\uacc4<\/th><th>\ubca1\ud130<\/th><th>\ubc29\ud5a5<\/th><\/tr><tr><td>x: \uc624\ub978\ucabd, y: \uc704\ucabd, z: \uc885\uc774 \ubc14\uae65<\/td><td>\u03a9=+\u03a9\u1e91, v=+v\u0177<\/td><td>\u03a9\u00d7v=\u2212\u03a9v x\u0302 (\uc67c\ucabd)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\uc704 \uc608\uc5d0\uc11c \ud68c\uc804\uc88c\ud45c\uacc4 \uad00\uc131\ub825<\/td><td>\u22122m(\u03a9\u00d7v)<\/td><td>+x (\uc624\ub978\ucabd)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u03a9\ub9cc \ubc18\uc804<\/td><td>\u03a9=\u2212\u03a9\u1e91<\/td><td>\ucf54\ub9ac\uc62c\ub9ac \uad00\uc131\ub825\ub3c4 \ubc18\uc804<\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/div>\n<p class=\"note\"><b>\ubd80\ud638 \uc8fc\uc758:<\/b> \u03a9\u00d7v\uc758 \ubc29\ud5a5\uacfc <b>\u22122\u03a9\u00d7v<\/b>\uc758 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc740 \ubc18\ub300\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c \uc720\uccb4\uac00 \uad00\uc5d0 \uc791\uc6a9\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \ubc18\ub825\uc740 \uc720\uccb4\uc5d0 \uc791\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ud798\uacfc \ubc18\ub300 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9bc\uc5d0\uc11c \uc67c\ucabd\/\uc624\ub978\ucabd\uc744 \ud310\uc815\ud558\ub824\uba74 \u2018\uc5b4\ub290 \ubb3c\uccb4\uc5d0 \uc791\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ud798\uc778\uac00\u2019\uc640 \u2018\ud68c\uc804\ucd95\uc774 \uc5b4\ub290 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc778\uac00\u2019\ub97c \uba3c\uc800 \uc815\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h4>\ub77c. \uac80\ucd9c \uc2e0\ud638\uc640 \ubc00\ub3c4 \uce21\uc815<\/h4>\n<p>\uc720\uccb4 \uc9c8\ub7c9\uc720\ub7c9\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uad00\uc758 \ube44\ud2c0\ub9bc \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc720\uc785\uce21\uacfc \uc720\ucd9c\uce21 \uc704\uce58 \uac80\ucd9c \uc2e0\ud638 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \uc704\uc0c1\ucc28 \ub610\ub294 \uc2dc\uac04\ucc28\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c\ub2e4. \uacc4\uae30\ub294 \ubcf4\uc815\ub41c \uad00\uacc4\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uc9c8\ub7c9\uc720\ub7c9 W\ub97c \uc0b0\ucd9c\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p><div class=\"formula\"><b>W \u2248 K<sub>C<\/sub> \u0394t<\/b> &nbsp; (\uacc4\uae30\uc758 \ubcf4\uc815 \ubc94\uc704\uc5d0\uc11c \uc801\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uac1c\ub150\uc2dd)<\/div>\n<p>\uc5ec\uae30\uc11c K<sub>C<\/sub>\ub294 \uc2dc\uac04\ucc28\ub97c \uc9c8\ub7c9\uc720\ub7c9\uc73c\ub85c \ubc14\uafb8\ub294 \uacc4\uc218\ub85c, \uad00 \ud615\uc0c1 \ubc0f \uad6c\ub3d9\/\uac80\ucd9c \ud2b9\uc131\uacfc \uad50\uc815\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uacb0\uc815\ub41c\ub2e4. \uc720\ub3d9\uad00\uc758 \uacf5\uc9c4 \uc8fc\ud30c\uc218\ub294 \uad00\uacfc \uad00 \ub0b4\ubd80 \uc720\uccb4\uc758 \uc720\ud6a8 \uc9c8\ub7c9\uc5d0 \uc758\uc874\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \ubc00\ub3c4 \uce21\uc815\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ud65c\uc6a9\ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p><div class=\"formula\">f<sub>n<\/sub> \u2248 (1\/2\u03c0) \u221a[k\/(m<sub>tube<\/sub>+\u03c1V<sub>fluid<\/sub>)]<\/div>\n<p>\uc628\ub3c4\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uad00\uc758 \ud0c4\uc131\uacc4\uc218\uac00 \ubcc0\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \uc628\ub3c4 \ubcf4\uc0c1\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud558\ub2e4. \uae30\ud3ec\u00b72\uc0c1 \uc720\ub3d9\u00b7\uc678\ubd80 \uc9c4\ub3d9 \ubc0f \uc124\uce58 \uc870\uac74\ub3c4 \uc624\ucc28\uc5d0 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \uc904 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h3>2.3 22.7.2 Thermal flowmeters \u2014 \uc5f4\uc2dd \uc9c8\ub7c9\uc720\ub7c9\uacc4<\/h3>\n<p>\uc6d0\uc11c\ub294 \ucc28\uac00\uc6b4 \ubc14\ub78c\uc774 \uccb4\uac10\uc628\ub3c4\ub97c \ub0ae\ucd94\ub294 <b>Wind chill<\/b> \ud604\uc0c1\uc5d0\uc11c \uc124\uba85\uc744 \uc2dc\uc791\ud55c\ub2e4. \ud750\ub974\ub294 \uc720\uccb4\ub294 \uac00\uc5f4\ub41c \ubb3c\uccb4 \uc8fc\uc704\uc758 \ub530\ub73b\ud574\uc9c4 \uc720\uccb4\ub97c \uacc4\uc18d \uad50\uccb4\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c, \uac00\uc5f4 \uc694\uc18c\uc758 \uc5f4\uc190\uc2e4\uc774 \uc99d\uac00\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<div class=\"flowline\">\uc9c8\ub7c9\uc720\ub7c9 \uc99d\uac00 \u2192 \uc720\uccb4\uc758 \ub300\ub958 \ub0c9\uac01 \ud6a8\uacfc \uc99d\uac00 \u2192 \uc13c\uc11c \uc628\ub3c4 \ud558\ub77d \ub610\ub294 \uc628\ub3c4 \uc720\uc9c0 \uc804\ub825 \uc99d\uac00 \u2192 \uad50\uc815\ub41c W \uacc4\uc0b0<\/div>\n<p><b>\uc5f4\uc120 \ud48d\uc18d\uacc4(Hot-wire anemometer)<\/b>\ub294 \uc804\uae30\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uac00\uc5f4\ub41c \uae08\uc18d\uc120\uc758 \uc800\ud56d(\uc628\ub3c4)\uc744 \uac10\uc2dc\ud558\uba70, \uc77c\uc815 \uc628\ub3c4\ub97c \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uc804\ub825\uc73c\ub85c \uc720\ub7c9\uc744 \ucd94\uc815\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc790\ub3d9\ucc28\uc758 \uacf5\uae30\uc9c8\ub7c9\uc720\ub7c9 \uce21\uc815\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc774 \uc6d0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc0b0\uc5c5\uc6a9 \uc5f4\uc2dd \uc9c8\ub7c9\uc720\ub7c9\uacc4\ub294 \uac00\uc5f4 \uc13c\uc11c\uc640 \uc720\uccb4 \uae30\uc900\uc628\ub3c4\ub97c \uac80\ucd9c\ud558\ub294 \uc13c\uc11c\ub97c \uc870\ud569\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uc0bd\uc785\ud615 \ud504\ub85c\ube0c\ub3c4 \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\ub2e4. \uc6d0\uc11c\ub294 \uac80\ucd9c\uad00 \ub0b4\ubd80\uc758 <b>\uc120\ud68c \ub0a0\uac1c(Swirl vanes)<\/b>, \ud50c\ub808\uc5b4 \uac00\uc2a4 \uc0bd\uc785\ud615 \uc720\ub7c9\uacc4, \uc18c\ud615 \uc9c8\ub7c9\uc720\ub7c9 \uc81c\uc5b4\uae30(Mass flow controller)\ub97c \uc608\ub85c \uc81c\uc2dc\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p><b>\uc8fc\uc758\ud560 \ubb3c\uc131:<\/b> \ube44\uc5f4\uc774 \ud070 \uc720\uccb4\ub294 \uac19\uc740 \uc9c8\ub7c9\uc720\ub7c9\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \ub354 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc5f4\uc744 \uc81c\uac70\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc720\uccb4\uc758 \uc131\ubd84 \ubc0f \ube44\uc5f4\uc774 \ubcc0\ud558\uba74 \uae30\uc874 \uad50\uc815\uc774 \uc720\ud6a8\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uce35\ub958\/\ub09c\ub958\uc758 \ubcc0\ud654 \uc5ed\uc2dc \uc13c\uc11c \uc8fc\ubcc0 \ub300\ub958 \uc5f4\uc804\ub2ec\uc5d0 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \uc900\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<div class=\"formula\">Q\u0307<sub>heat<\/sub> \u2248 W c<sub>p<\/sub> \u0394T &nbsp; <span style=\"font-size:.72em\">(\ub2e8\uc21c \uc5f4\uc218\uc9c0 \ubaa8\ub378; \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc5f4\uc2dd \uc720\ub7c9\uacc4\uc758 \ubc94\uc6a9 \uad50\uc815\uc2dd\uc740 \uc544\ub2d8)<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tablewrap\"><table><tr><th>\ud56d\ubaa9<\/th><th>\ucf54\ub9ac\uc62c\ub9ac\uc2dd<\/th><th>\uc5f4\uc2dd<\/th><\/tr><tr><td>\uae30\ucd08 \ud604\uc0c1<\/td><td>\uc720\uccb4 \uad00\uc131 \ubc0f \uc9c4\ub3d9\uad00 \ube44\ud2c0\ub9bc<\/td><td>\ub300\ub958 \ub0c9\uac01<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\uac80\ucd9c\ub7c9<\/td><td>\uac80\ucd9c \uc2e0\ud638 \uc2dc\uac04\ucc28\u00b7\uc704\uc0c1\ucc28<\/td><td>\uc628\ub3c4\u00b7\uc804\ub825<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\ub300\ud45c \uc81c\uc57d<\/td><td>\uae30\ud3ec\/2\uc0c1, \uc9c4\ub3d9, \ube44\uc6a9<\/td><td>\ube44\uc5f4\u00b7\uc870\uc131 \ubcc0\ud654, \uc720\ub3d9 \uc0c1\ud0dc<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\uc801\uc6a9<\/td><td>\uc561\uccb4\u00b7\uac00\uc2a4\uc758 \uc815\ubc00 \uc9c8\ub7c9\uc720\ub7c9<\/td><td>\uc870\uc131 \uc77c\uc815\ud55c \uac00\uc2a4 \uc720\ub7c9 \ub4f1<\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/div>\n<h2>3. 22.8 Weighfeeders \u2014 \uc911\ub7c9\uc2dd \uacf5\uae09\uae30<\/h2>\n<p>\ubd84\ub9d0 \ub610\ub294 \uc785\uc0c1 \uace0\uccb4\ub97c \uc5f0\uc18d\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ub3d9\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \ucee8\ubca0\uc774\uc5b4 \ubca8\ud2b8\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80\ub97c \ub85c\ub4dc\uc140\ub85c \uc9c0\uc9c0\ud558\uace0, \ud574\ub2f9 <b>\uacc4\ub7c9 \uad6c\uac04 \uae38\uc774 d<\/b>\uc5d0 \uc2e4\ub9b0 \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc758 \uc911\ub7c9 F\ub97c \uac80\ucd9c\ud55c\ub2e4. \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \ud68c\uc804\uc18d\ub3c4\uacc4(Tachometer)\uac00 <b>\ubca8\ud2b8 \uc18d\ub3c4 v<\/b>\ub97c \uce21\uc815\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"figure\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 740 240\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><defs><marker id=\"arrow22b\" markerWidth=\"8\" markerHeight=\"8\" refX=\"6\" refY=\"3\" orient=\"auto\"><path d=\"M0 0L6 3L0 6\" stroke=\"#237eaa\" fill=\"none\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><\/marker><\/defs><path d=\"M80 14H210V60L186 87H103L80 60Z\" fill=\"#d5e0e6\" stroke=\"#617c8c\" stroke-width=\"3\"\/><text x=\"118\" y=\"46\" fill=\"#234\" font-size=\"18\">\ud638\ud37c<\/text><g fill=\"#b98f59\"><circle cx=\"130\" cy=\"113\" r=\"6\"\/><circle cx=\"154\" cy=\"114\" r=\"6\"\/><circle cx=\"180\" cy=\"113\" r=\"6\"\/><circle cx=\"205\" cy=\"114\" r=\"6\"\/><circle cx=\"229\" cy=\"113\" r=\"6\"\/><circle cx=\"257\" cy=\"114\" r=\"6\"\/><\/g><rect x=\"63\" y=\"128\" width=\"590\" height=\"26\" rx=\"13\" fill=\"#879ba5\"\/><circle cx=\"76\" cy=\"141\" r=\"21\" fill=\"#dce8ed\" stroke=\"#617c8c\" stroke-width=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"642\" cy=\"141\" r=\"21\" fill=\"#dce8ed\" stroke=\"#617c8c\" stroke-width=\"3\"\/><rect x=\"304\" y=\"164\" width=\"100\" height=\"45\" rx=\"7\" fill=\"#b5d9e9\" stroke=\"#477f9a\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M352 164V151\" stroke=\"#477f9a\" stroke-width=\"4\"\/><path d=\"M410 101H540\" stroke=\"#237eaa\" stroke-width=\"3\" marker-end=\"url(#arrow22b)\"\/><text x=\"430\" y=\"88\" fill=\"#237eaa\" font-size=\"18\">\ubca8\ud2b8 \uc18d\ub3c4 v<\/text><text x=\"322\" y=\"227\" fill=\"#234\" font-size=\"18\">\ub85c\ub4dc\uc140: F<\/text><text x=\"50\" y=\"200\" fill=\"#234\" font-size=\"16\">\ubaa8\ud130\u00b7\uc18d\ub3c4\uc13c\uc11c<\/text><text x=\"570\" y=\"198\" fill=\"#234\" font-size=\"16\">\uacf5\uc815\uc73c\ub85c \ubc30\ucd9c<\/text><path d=\"M279 160V173M426 160V173M279 170H426\" stroke=\"#7b8f9e\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><text x=\"347\" y=\"187\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#345\">\uae38\uc774 d<\/text><\/svg><figcaption>\uacc4\ub7c9 \uad6c\uac04\uc758 \uc801\uc7ac \uc911\ub7c9\uacfc \ubca8\ud2b8 \uc18d\ub3c4\ub85c \uace0\uccb4 \uc9c8\ub7c9\uc720\ub7c9\uc744 \uacc4\uc0b0\ud558\ub294 \uac1c\ub150\ub3c4.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"formula\"><b>\uc6d0\uc11c \ud45c\uae30: W = Fv\/d<\/b> &nbsp; (F\ub97c lb \uacc4\ub7c9\uac12, v\ub97c ft\/s, d\ub97c ft\ub85c \uc4f0\ub294 \uad00\ub840)<\/div>\n<p>SI \ub2e8\uc704\uc5d0\uc11c F\ub97c \uc2e4\uc81c \ud798(N)\uc73c\ub85c \uae30\ub85d\ud560 \ub54c\ub294 \uc9c8\ub7c9 \ud658\uc0b0 <b>m=F\/g<\/b>\uac00 \ud544\uc694\ud558\ub2e4. \ub2e8\uc704 \uae38\uc774\ub2f9 \uc9c8\ub7c9\uc744 \u03bb\ub77c\uace0 \ub450\uba74 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<div class=\"formula\">\u03bb = F\/(gd) &nbsp; [kg\/m]<br><b>W = \u03bbv = Fv\/(gd)<\/b> &nbsp; [kg\/s]<\/div>\n<p>\uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4 1 m\uc758 \ubca8\ud2b8 \uad6c\uac04\uc5d0 5 kg\uc758 \ubd84\ub9d0\uc774 \uc2e4\ub9ac\uace0 \ubca8\ud2b8 \uc18d\ub3c4\uac00 2 m\/s\ub77c\uba74 <b>W=5 kg\/m \u00d7 2 m\/s = 10 kg\/s<\/b>\uc774\ub2e4. \uc6d0\uc11c\uc758 \ud604\uc7a5 \uc0ac\uc9c4\uc740 \uc0c1\uc218\ub3c4 \uc815\uc218 \uc2dc\uc124\uc5d0\uc11c \uc18c\ub2e4\ud68c(Soda ash)\ub97c \ud22c\uc785\ud558\ub294 \uc18c\ud615 \uc911\ub7c9\uc2dd \uacf5\uae09\uae30\ub2e4. \ud45c\uc2dc\uac12\uc73c\ub85c \uc801\uc7ac\ub7c9 1.209 lb\/ft\uc640 \ubca8\ud2b8 \uc18d\ub3c4 0.62 ft\/min\uc774 \ub098\ud0c0\ub098\uba70, \uc774 \ub458\uc744 \uacc4\uc0b0\ud558\uba74 \uc57d 45.0 lb\/h\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc \ud654\uba74\uc758 43.7 lb\/h\uc640 \ub2e4\ub974\ub2e4. \uc6d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc801\uc7ac\ub7c9\uacfc \uacc4\uc0b0 \ucd9c\ub825\uc758 \ud45c\uc2dc \uc2dc\uc810 \uc9c0\uc5f0\uc744 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \uc124\uba85\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2>4. 22.9 Change-of-quantity \u2014 \uc800\uc7a5\ub7c9 \ubcc0\ud654\uc2dd \uc720\ub7c9 \uce21\uc815<\/h2>\n<p>\ubc30\uad00 \ub0b4\ubd80\uc5d0\uc11c \uc18d\ub3c4\ub098 \ucc28\uc555\uc744 \uc9c1\uc811 \uce21\uc815\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0, <b>\uc6a9\uae30\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc624\uac70\ub098 \ub098\uac00\ub294 \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc758 \uc800\uc7a5\ub7c9 \ubcc0\ud654<\/b>\ub97c \uce21\uc815\ud55c\ub2e4. \ub85c\ub4dc\uc140\uc740 \uc9c8\ub7c9, \ub808\ubca8 \uc13c\uc11c\uc640 \uc6a9\uae30 \ud615\uc0c1 \uc815\ubcf4\ub294 \uccb4\uc801 \ubcc0\ud654\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<div class=\"two\"><div class=\"box\"><h3>\ud3c9\uade0 \uc720\ub7c9<\/h3><div class=\"formula\">W<sub>avg<\/sub> = \u0394m\/\u0394t<br>Q<sub>avg<\/sub> = \u0394V\/\u0394t<\/div><\/div><div class=\"box\"><h3>\uc21c\uac04 \uc720\ub7c9<\/h3><div class=\"formula\">W = dm\/dt<br>Q = dV\/dt<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<p>\uc800\uc7a5\ub7c9\uc774 \uac10\uc18c\ud558\uba74, \uc800\uc7a5\ub7c9\uc758 \ubbf8\ubd84\uac12\uc740 \uc74c\uc218\uac00 \ub41c\ub2e4. \ub2e8\uc77c \ucd9c\uad6c\ub9cc \uc5f4\ub824 \uc788\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0 <b>\uc720\ucd9c\uc720\ub7c9\uc758 \ud06c\uae30<\/b>\ub294 \u2212dm\/dt\uc774\ub2e4. \uc6d0\uc11c \uc608\uc5d0\uc11c 74,688 kg\uc5d0\uc11c 70,100 kg\uc73c\ub85c 2\ubd84\uac04 \uac10\uc18c\ud558\uba74 \uc800\uc7a5\ub7c9 \ubcc0\ud654\uc728\uc740 \u22122,294 kg\/min\uc774\uace0, \uc720\ucd9c\ub418\ub294 \uc9c8\ub7c9\uc720\ub7c9\uc758 \ud06c\uae30\ub294 2,294 kg\/min\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<div class=\"formula\"><b>dm\/dt = \u03a3W<sub>in<\/sub> \u2212 \u03a3W<sub>out<\/sub><\/b><\/div>\n<p><b>\ud55c\uacc4:<\/b> \uc6a9\uae30\uc5d0 \uc720\uc785\uacfc \uc720\ucd9c\uc774 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uc788\uc73c\uba74 \uc774 \ubc29\ubc95\uc740 \uc21c\uc720\ub7c9\ub9cc \uac80\ucd9c\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4 200 gal\/min\uc774 \uc720\uc785\ub418\uace0 200 gal\/min\uc774 \uc720\ucd9c\ub418\uba74 \uc800\uc7a5\ub7c9\uc740 \uc77c\uc815\ud558\uc5ec dV\/dt=0\uc774\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \ud2b9\uc815 \uac1c\ubcc4 \ubc30\uad00\uc758 \uc720\ub7c9\uc744 \ub2e8\ub3c5\uc73c\ub85c \uacb0\uc815\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c \uce21\uc815 \uad6c\uac04\uc744 \uc9e7\uac8c \ud558\uba74 \ubcc0\ud654\ub7c9\uc774 \uc791\uc544\uc838 \uce21\uc815 \uc7a1\uc74c\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubc1b\uae30 \uc26c\uc6b0\ubbc0\ub85c \ubbf8\ubd84 \uc2e0\ud638 \ucc98\ub9ac\uc5d0 \uc8fc\uc758\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc6d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc544\ub0a0\ub85c\uadf8 \ubbf8\ubd84\ud68c\ub85c\ub85c \uc2dc\uac04 \ubbf8\ubd84\uc744 \uad6c\ud604\ud560 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \uc124\uba85\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc608\uc2dc \ubc18\uc804 \ubbf8\ubd84\ud68c\ub85c\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\ub294 <b>V<sub>out<\/sub>=\u2212RC\u00b7dV<sub>in<\/sub>\/dt<\/b>\uc774\ub2e4. \uc2e4\uc81c \uacf5\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \uc0d8\ud50c\ub9c1\uc73c\ub85c \ud3c9\uade0 \ubcc0\ud654\uc728\uc744 \uacc4\uc0b0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2>5. 22.10 Insertion flowmeters \u2014 \uc0bd\uc785\ud615 \uc720\ub7c9\uacc4<\/h2>\n<p>\uc0bd\uc785\ud615\uc740 <b>\uce21\uc815 \ubb3c\ub9ac\ubc95\uce59\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc124\uce58 \uad6c\uc870<\/b>\uc758 \uba85\uce6d\uc774\ub2e4. \ub300\uad6c\uacbd \ubc30\uad00\uc5d0 \uc804\uad6c\uacbd \uc720\ub7c9\uacc4 \ub300\uc2e0 \uad00\ubcbd\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ud504\ub85c\ube0c\ub97c \ub123\uc5b4 \uad6d\ubd80 \uc720\ub3d9\uc744 \uac80\ucd9c\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc6d0\uc11c\uc758 \ub300\ud45c \uc608\ub294 \ucc28\uc555\uc744 \uc0dd\uc131\ud558\ub294 Annubar(\ud3c9\uade0 \ud53c\ud1a0\uad00)\uc774\uba70, \ud130\ube48\uc2dd\u00b7\uc640\ub958\uc2dd\u00b7\uc5f4\uc2dd \uc9c8\ub7c9\uc720\ub7c9\uacc4\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc0bd\uc785\ud615 \uad6c\uc870\uac00 \uc801\uc6a9\ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"figure\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 740 190\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><rect x=\"45\" y=\"57\" width=\"647\" height=\"106\" rx=\"6\" fill=\"#d7effa\" stroke=\"#6c99af\" stroke-width=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M95 112H625\" stroke=\"#2585b0\" stroke-width=\"4\" stroke-dasharray=\"14 8\"\/><path d=\"M614 105L626 112L614 119\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#2585b0\" stroke-width=\"3\"\/><rect x=\"350\" y=\"27\" width=\"42\" height=\"35\" rx=\"4\" fill=\"#c9d3db\" stroke=\"#556d7c\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M371 24V113\" stroke=\"#ba8c55\" stroke-width=\"12\" stroke-linecap=\"round\"\/><circle cx=\"371\" cy=\"113\" r=\"8\" fill=\"#ac7140\"\/><text x=\"393\" y=\"18\" fill=\"#234\" font-size=\"18\">\uc0bd\uc785 \ud504\ub85c\ube0c<\/text><text x=\"52\" y=\"42\" fill=\"#234\" font-size=\"16\">\ubc30\uad00<\/text><text x=\"507\" y=\"100\" fill=\"#267da7\" font-size=\"17\">\uc720\uccb4 \uc9c4\ud589 \u2192<\/text><text x=\"371\" y=\"182\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#567\" font-size=\"14\">\uc0bd\uc785 \uae4a\uc774\u00b7\ubc29\ud5a5 \ubc18\ubcf5\uc131\uc774 \uacc4\ub7c9 \uc815\ud655\ub3c4\uc5d0 \uc601\ud5a5<\/text><\/svg><figcaption>\ubc30\uad00 \ub2e8\uba74 \uc804\uccb4\uac00 \uc544\ub2cc \uc120\ud0dd\ub41c \uc601\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c \uc720\ub3d9\uc744 \uce21\uc815\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\ubc30\uad00 \uc911\uc2ec\uacfc \ubcbd \uadfc\ucc98\ub294 \uc720\uc18d\uc774 \ub2e4\ub974\ubbc0\ub85c \uc0bd\uc785 \uae4a\uc774\uc640 \uc124\uce58 \uac01\ub3c4\ub97c \ubc14\uafb8\uba74 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \uc2e4\uc81c \uc720\ub7c9\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc2e0\ud638\uac00 \ubcc0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub2e8\uba74 \ud3c9\uade0 \uc720\uc18d v\u0304\uc640 \uad6d\ubd80 \uc720\uc18d v<sub>local<\/sub>\uc740 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uac19\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<div class=\"formula\">Q = A v\u0304 &nbsp;&nbsp; \/ &nbsp;&nbsp; v<sub>local<\/sub> \u2260 v\u0304<\/div>\n<p><b>Hot tapping:<\/b> \uc6d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc0c8\ub4e4 \ud2f0 \uc6a9\uc811 \u2192 \ubcfc\ubc38\ube0c \uc124\uce58 \u2192 \ubc00\ubd09 \ud56b\ud0dc\ud551 \uc7a5\uce58\ub85c \ucc9c\uacf5 \u2192 \ub4dc\ub9b4 \ud68c\uc218 \ubc0f \ubcfc\ubc38\ube0c \ucc28\ub2e8 \u2192 \uc0bd\uc785\ud615 \uacc4\uae30 \uc124\uce58\uc758 \uac1c\ub150\uc744 \uc18c\uac1c\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc740 <b>\uc6d0\ub9ac \uc124\uba85\uc774\uc9c0 \ud604\uc7a5 \uc791\uc5c5 \uc808\ucc28\uc11c\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/b> \uc6b4\uc804 \uc911 \ucc9c\uacf5\uc740 \uacf5\uc815 \uc555\ub825\u00b7\uc7ac\ub8cc\u00b7\uc720\uccb4 \uc704\ud5d8\uc131 \ub4f1\uc744 \uac80\ud1a0\ud558\ub294 \uc804\ubb38 \uc791\uc5c5\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2>6. 22.11 Process\/instrument suitability \u2014 \uacf5\uc815\uacfc \uacc4\uae30\uc758 \uc801\ud569\uc131<\/h2>\n<p>\uc6d0\uc11c\ub294 \uac01 \uc720\ub7c9\uacc4\uc758 <b>\uc791\ub3d9 \uc6d0\ub9ac\u00b7\uc2e0\ud638 \uc120\ud615\uc131\u00b7\uc591\ubc29\ud5a5 \uce21\uc815 \uac00\ub2a5 \uc5ec\ubd80<\/b>\ub97c \ube44\uad50\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc544\ub798 \ud45c\ub294 \uc6d0\uc11c\uc758 \ubd84\ub958\ub97c \uc720\uc9c0\ud588\ub2e4. \u2018\uc77c\ubd80\u2019\ub294 \uc77c\ubd80 \ubaa8\ub378\uc5d0\ub9cc \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\ub294 \ud2b9\uc131\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tablewrap\"><table><tr><th>\uc720\ub7c9\uacc4<\/th><th>\ubb3c\ub9ac\uc801 \uc6d0\ub9ac<\/th><th>\uae30\ubcf8 \ud2b9\uc131<\/th><th>\uc591\ubc29\ud5a5<\/th><\/tr><tr><td>\ucc28\uc555\uc2dd<\/td><td>\uc720\uccb4 \uac00\uc18d, \uc704\uce58\uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 \u2194 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0<\/td><td>\u221a\u0394P<\/td><td>\uc77c\ubd80<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\uce35\ub958\uc2dd<\/td><td>\uc810\uc131 \uc720\uccb4 \ub9c8\ucc30<\/td><td>\uc120\ud615<\/td><td>\uac00\ub2a5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\uc704\uc5b4\u00b7\ud50c\ub8f8<\/td><td>\uc720\uccb4 \uac00\uc18d \ubc0f \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 \uad50\ud658<\/td><td>H\u207f<\/td><td>\ubd88\uac00<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\ud130\ube48\uc2dd(\uc18d\ub3c4)<\/td><td>\ub0a0\uac1c \ub2ec\ub9b0 \ud68c\uc804\uc790\uc758 \ud68c\uc804<\/td><td>\uc120\ud615<\/td><td>\uac00\ub2a5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\uc640\ub958\uc2dd<\/td><td>von K\u00e1rm\u00e1n \ud6a8\uacfc<\/td><td>\uc120\ud615<\/td><td>\ubd88\uac00<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\uc804\uc790\uc2dd<\/td><td>\uc804\uc790\uae30 \uc720\ub3c4<\/td><td>\uc120\ud615<\/td><td>\uac00\ub2a5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\ucd08\uc74c\ud30c\uc2dd<\/td><td>\uc74c\ud30c \uc804\ub2ec\uc2dc\uac04<\/td><td>\uc120\ud615<\/td><td>\uac00\ub2a5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\ucf54\ub9ac\uc62c\ub9ac\uc2dd<\/td><td>\uc720\uccb4 \uad00\uc131 \ubc0f \ucf54\ub9ac\uc62c\ub9ac \ud6a8\uacfc<\/td><td>\uc120\ud615<\/td><td>\uac00\ub2a5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\ud130\ube48\uc2dd(\uc9c8\ub7c9)<\/td><td>\uc720\uccb4 \uad00\uc131<\/td><td>\uc120\ud615<\/td><td>\uc77c\ubd80<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\uc5f4\uc2dd<\/td><td>\ub300\ub958 \ub0c9\uac01\uacfc \ube44\uc5f4<\/td><td>\uc120\ud615<\/td><td>\ubd88\uac00<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\uc6a9\uc801\uc2dd<\/td><td>\uace0\uc815 \uccb4\uc801\uc758 \ubc18\ubcf5 \uc774\ub3d9<\/td><td>\uc120\ud615<\/td><td>\uc77c\ubd80<\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/div>\n<h3>6.1 \ucd08\uae30 \uc124\uce58\ube44\uc640 \uc601\uad6c \uc555\ub825\uc190\uc2e4<\/h3>\n<p>\uc624\ub9ac\ud53c\uc2a4\ub294 \ucd08\uae30 \uc124\uce58\ube44\uac00 \ub0ae\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc601\uad6c \uc555\ub825\uc190\uc2e4\uc774 \ud074 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \ubca4\ud22c\ub9ac\ub294 \ucd08\uae30 \ube44\uc6a9\uc774 \ub192\uc544\ub3c4 \uc7a5\uae30\uac04\uc758 \uc6b4\uc804 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\ube44\ub97c \uace0\ub824\ud558\uba74 \uc720\ub9ac\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc804\uc790\uc2dd\u00b7\ucd08\uc74c\ud30c\uc2dd\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \uc720\ub85c\uc5d0 \uc7a5\uc560\ubb3c\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \uad6c\uc870\ub294 \ucd94\uac00 \uc601\uad6c \uc555\ub825\uc190\uc2e4\uc774 \uc791\uc740 \ud3b8\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<div class=\"formula\">P<sub>hydraulic loss<\/sub> = \u0394P<sub>permanent<\/sub> \u00d7 Q &nbsp; [Pa\u00b7m\u00b3\/s = W(\uc640\ud2b8)]<\/div>\n<p class=\"note\"><b>\uc6d0\uc11c \uac01\uc8fc 80\uc758 \uc608\uc678:<\/b> \uc720\ub7c9\uc774 \uc81c\uc5b4\ubc38\ube0c\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uad50\ucd95\ub418\ub294 \uacf5\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc624\ub9ac\ud53c\uc2a4\uac00 \uc18c\uc0b0\ud558\ub294 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uac00 \uc81c\uc5b4\ubc38\ube0c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc18c\uc0b0\ud560 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80\ub97c \ub300\uc2e0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774\ub54c \uc804\uccb4 \uacc4\ud1b5\uc758 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 \uc18c\ube44\uac00 \ud56d\uc0c1 \uc99d\uac00\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub2e8, \ubc38\ube0c\uc758 \uc0ac\uc6a9 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uc555\ub825\ucc28\uc640 \uc6b4\uc804 \uc870\uac74\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2>7. \uc9c8\ubb38\u00b7\ud544\uae30 \ud1b5\ud569: \uac1c\ub150 \ud63c\ub3d9\uc744 \ubc29\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \ud655\uc778 \uc0ac\ud56d<\/h2>\n<ol><li><b>U\uc790\ud615 \uad00\uc774 \ud68c\uc804\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294\uac00?<\/b> \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uad6c\ub3d9 \ucf54\uc77c\uc774 \uad00\uc744 \uc9c4\ub3d9\uc2dc\ud0a4\uace0, \ud0c4\uc131 \ubcc0\ud615\uc758 \uad6d\ubd80\uc801\uc778 \uac01\uc6b4\ub3d9 \uc131\ubd84\uc774 \ucf54\ub9ac\uc62c\ub9ac \ud6a8\uacfc\uc640 \uacb0\ud569\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc9c1\uad00\ud615 \ucf54\ub9ac\uc62c\ub9ac \uc720\ub7c9\uacc4\ub3c4 \uc874\uc7ac\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/li><li><b>\ud68c\uc804\ucd95\uc740 \uc5b4\ub514\uc778\uac00?<\/b> \uc6d0\uc11c\uc758 \ud638\uc2a4 \ube44\uc720\ub294 \ud314\uafc8\uce58\uac00 \ud68c\uc804\ucd95\uc774\ub2e4. \uc2e4\uc81c \uc9c4\ub3d9\uad00\uc758 \ud68c\uc804\uc740 \ubcf5\ud569 \ud0c4\uc131 \uc9c4\ub3d9 \ubaa8\ub4dc\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ubaa8\ub378\uc5d0 \uacf5\ud1b5\uc778 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uace0\uc815 \ud68c\uc804\ucd95\uc73c\ub85c \uc77c\ubc18\ud654\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4.<\/li><li><b>\u03a9\uac00 +\uc640 \u2212\ub85c \ubc14\ub00c\ub294\uac00?<\/b> \uadf8\ub807\ub2e4. \uc655\ubcf5 \uac01\uc9c4\ub3d9\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc21c\uac04 \uac01\uc18d\ub3c4 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc774 \uc8fc\uae30\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubc18\uc804\ub41c\ub2e4. \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \u2018\uac01\uac00\uc18d\ub3c4\uac00 \ucf54\ub9ac\uc62c\ub9ac \ud798\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e0\ub2e4\u2019\uace0 \ud45c\ud604\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4.<\/li><li><b>\u03a9\u00d7v\uac00 \uc67c\ucabd\uc774\uba74 \ucf54\ub9ac\uc62c\ub9ac \ud798\ub3c4 \uc67c\ucabd\uc778\uac00?<\/b> \ud68c\uc804\uc88c\ud45c\uacc4 \uad00\uc131\ub825\uc740 \u22122m(\u03a9\u00d7v)\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c \ubc18\ub300 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc774\ub2e4. \uc720\uccb4\uc640 \uad00\uc758 \uc791\uc6a9\u00b7\ubc18\uc791\uc6a9\ub3c4 \uad6c\ubd84\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/li><li><b>m, \u1e41, W\uc758 \ucc28\uc774?<\/b> m\uc740 \uc9c8\ub7c9, \u1e41\uacfc W\ub294 \ubaa8\ub450 \uc9c8\ub7c9\uc720\ub7c9\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774 \ubb38\uc11c\ub294 \uc6d0\uc11c\uc5d0 \ub9de\ucdb0 W\ub97c \uc6b0\uc120 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/li><li><b>\uc911\ub7c9\uc2dd \uacf5\uae09\uae30\uc758 F\uc640 W\ub294?<\/b> F\ub294 \ud2b9\uc815 \uae38\uc774\uc758 \ubb3c\uccb4\uc5d0 \uc791\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uc911\ub825(\uc911\ub7c9), W\ub294 \uc2dc\uac04\ub2f9 \uc774\ub3d9\ud558\ub294 \uc9c8\ub7c9\uc774\ub2e4. SI\uc5d0\uc11c F\ub97c N\uc73c\ub85c \uc4f0\uba74 W=Fv\/(gd)\ub85c \ud658\uc0b0\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/li><li><b>\uc800\uc7a5\ub7c9 \ubcc0\ud654\ubc95\uc5d0\uc11c \uc720\ub7c9\uc774 0\uc774\uba74 \ud750\ub984\ub3c4 \uc5c6\ub294\uac00?<\/b> \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc720\uc785\uacfc \uc720\ucd9c\uc774 \uac19\ub2e4\uba74 \uc800\uc7a5\ub7c9 \ubcc0\ud654\ub294 0\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc \uac01 \ubc30\uad00\uc5d0 \uc2e4\uc81c \uc720\ub7c9\uc740 \uc874\uc7ac\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/li><li><b>\uc0bd\uc785\ud615\uc740 \ubcc4\ub3c4\uc758 \uce21\uc815 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc778\uac00?<\/b> \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uae30\uc220\uc5d0\uc11c \uad6c\ud604 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \ud504\ub85c\ube0c \uc124\uce58 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc774\ub2e4.<\/li><\/ol>\n<h2>8. \uae30\uc220\uc0ac \ub2f5\uc548\uc6a9 \uc5f0\uacb0 \ubb38\uc7a5<\/h2>\n<p><b>\uc9c8\ub7c9\uc720\ub7c9\uacc4 \uc120\uc815:<\/b> \uc9c8\ub7c9\uc720\ub7c9\uc740 W=\u03c1Q\ub85c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0bc \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\ub098, \ubc00\ub3c4\uac00 \ubcc0\ud558\ub294 \uacf5\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uccb4\uc801\uc720\ub7c9\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c \uc9c8\ub7c9\uc720\ub7c9\uc744 \uc815\ud655\ud788 \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\uae30 \uc5b4\ub835\ub2e4. \ucf54\ub9ac\uc62c\ub9ac\uc2dd\uc740 \uc9c4\ub3d9\uad00 \ub0b4\ubd80 \uc720\uccb4\uc758 \uad00\uc131\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \ube44\ud2c0\ub9bc\uc744 \uac80\ucd9c\ud558\uba70, \uc5f4\uc2dd\uc740 \uac00\uc5f4 \uc694\uc18c\uc758 \ub300\ub958 \uc5f4\uc190\uc2e4\uc744 \uce21\uc815\ud55c\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \ucf54\ub9ac\uc62c\ub9ac\uc2dd\uc740 \uc678\ubd80 \uc9c4\ub3d9\uacfc 2\uc0c1 \uc720\ub3d9, \uc5f4\uc2dd\uc740 \uc720\uccb4 \uc870\uc131\uacfc \ube44\uc5f4 \ubcc0\ud654\uc5d0 \uc8fc\uc758\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p><b>\uace0\uccb4 \uc720\ub7c9:<\/b> \uc911\ub7c9\uc2dd \uacf5\uae09\uae30\ub294 \ub85c\ub4dc\uc140\ub85c \uce21\uc815\ud55c \ub2e8\uc704 \ubca8\ud2b8 \uae38\uc774\ub2f9 \uc9c8\ub7c9 \u03bb\uc5d0 \uc18d\ub3c4 v\ub97c \uacf1\ud558\uc5ec W=\u03bbv\ub97c \uad6c\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p><b>\uc800\uc7a5\uc6a9\uae30 \ubc29\uc2dd:<\/b> \uc800\uc7a5\ub7c9\uc758 \ubbf8\ubd84 dm\/dt\ub294 \uc720\uc785\u00b7\uc720\ucd9c \uc720\ub7c9\uc758 \ucc28\uc774\uc774\uba70, \ub2e4\uc911 \uc720\ub85c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uac1c\ubcc4 \uc720\ub7c9\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc \uc21c\uc720\ub7c9\ub9cc \uacb0\uc815\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p><b>\uc124\uce58\uc640 \uacbd\uc81c\uc131:<\/b> \uc0bd\uc785\ud615 \uc720\ub7c9\uacc4\ub294 \ud070 \ubc30\uad00\uc5d0 \uacbd\uc81c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc124\uce58\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\ub098 \ud504\ub85c\ube0c\uc758 \uc704\uce58\u00b7\ubc29\ud5a5\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uc720\uc18d \ubd84\ud3ec \ubcf4\uc815\uc774 \uc911\uc694\ud558\ub2e4. \uacc4\uae30 \uc120\uc815\uc740 \uce21\uc815 \uc6d0\ub9ac\ubfd0 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc601\uad6c \uc555\ub825\uc190\uc2e4\uacfc \uc7a5\uae30 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\ube44\ub97c \ud568\uaed8 \uac80\ud1a0\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ref\"><b>\ucd9c\ucc98 \ubc0f \ud3b8\uc9d1 \ubc94\uc704<\/b><br>\u2460 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790 \ud544\uae30: Scan_20261028_224012.pdf, 1~3\ucabd (22.7 \ucf54\ub9ac\uc62c\ub9ac\u00b7\uc5f4\uc2dd, 22.8 \uc911\ub7c9\uc2dd, 22.9 \ubb3c\uc9c8\ub7c9 \ubcc0\ud654).<br>\u2461 \uc6d0\uc11c: Tony R. Kuphaldt, <i>Lessons in Industrial Instrumentation<\/i>, Version 2.32, Chapter 22 \u00a722.7~\u00a722.11, pp.1712\u20131746. CC BY 4.0.<br>\u2462 \uae30\uc874 \uae00: <a href=\"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/lessons-in-industrial-instrumentation-chapter-22-1\/\">Lessons In Industrial Instrumentation, Chapter 22, 1<\/a> (22.1~22.6\uae4c\uc9c0\uc758 \uad6c\uc131\uacfc K \ud45c\uae30 \uc6d0\uce59\uc744 \uacc4\uc2b9).<br>\u2463 \ub300\ud654\uc5d0\uc11c \ud655\uc778\ud55c \uc9c8\ubb38: \ud68c\uc804\ucd95\u00b7\uc655\ubcf5 \uac01\uc9c4\ub3d9\u00b7\u03a9\u00d7v \ubc29\ud5a5\u00b7W\uc640 \u1e41\uc758 \ucc28\uc774\u00b7\uc911\ub7c9\uc2dd \uacf5\uae09\uae30\uc758 SI \ucc28\uc6d0.<br><b>\uad6c\ubd84:<\/b> \uc704\uc758 \u2018\uc6d0\uc11c \uc18c\uac1c\u2019\ub294 \ub0b4\uc6a9 \uc7ac\uad6c\uc131, \ubca1\ud130 \ubd80\ud638 \uc608\uc81c\u00b7SI \ubcc0\ud658\u00b7\ub2f5\uc548\uc6a9 \uc5f0\uacb0 \ubb38\uc7a5\uc740 \uac80\uc99d\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \ubcf4\uc644 \uc124\uba85\uc774\ub2e4. \uc6d0\uc11c\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uadf8\ub9bc\uacfc \ubb38\uc7a5\uc744 \uc77c\ub300\uc77c \uc7ac\ud604\ud55c \uc804\uc0ac\ubcf8\uc740 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/div>\n<\/div><\/body><\/html>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Lessons_In_Industrial_Instrumentation-1.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px\" aria-label=\"Lessons_In_Industrial_Instrumentation-1\uc758 \uc0bd\uc785.\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-99b8be42-7182-44a9-8cb4-c6565ed009c6\" href=\"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Lessons_In_Industrial_Instrumentation-1.pdf\">Lessons_In_Industrial_Instrumentation-1<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Lessons_In_Industrial_Instrumentation-1.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-99b8be42-7182-44a9-8cb4-c6565ed009c6\">\ub2e4\uc6b4\ub85c\ub4dc<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\ubcf8 \ud559\uc2b5\uc790\ub8cc\ub294 *Lessons in Industrial Instrumentation* Chapter 22.7~22.11\uc744 \ubc14\ud0d5\uc73c\ub85c \uc9c8\ub7c9\uc720\ub7c9 \uce21\uc815 \uc6d0\ub9ac\uc640 \uc720\ub7c9\uacc4\uc758 \uc120\uc815 \ubc0f \uc124\uce58 \ud2b9\uc131\uc744 \uc815\ub9ac\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ucf54\ub9ac\uc62c\ub9ac \uc720\ub7c9\uacc4\ub294 \uc9c4\ub3d9\uad00 \ub0b4 \uc720\uccb4\uc758 \uad00\uc131 \ud6a8\uacfc\uc640 \uc704\uc0c1\ucc28\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc9c8\ub7c9\uc720\ub7c9\uc744 \uce21\uc815\ud558\uba70, \uc5f4\uc2dd \uc9c8\ub7c9\uc720\ub7c9\uacc4\ub294 \uc720\uccb4\uc758 \ub300\ub958 \uc5f4\uc804\ub2ec \ud2b9\uc131\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc911\ub7c9\uc2dd \uacf5\uae09\uae30\ub294 \ubca8\ud2b8\uc758 \ub2e8\uc704 \uae38\uc774\ub2f9 \uc9c8\ub7c9\uacfc \uc774\ub3d9\uc18d\ub3c4\ub85c \uace0\uccb4\uc758 \uc9c8\ub7c9\uc720\ub7c9\uc744 \uc0b0\ucd9c\ud558\uace0, \uc800\uc7a5\ub7c9 \ubcc0\ud654\uc2dd\uc740 \uc9c8\ub7c9 \ub610\ub294 \uccb4\uc801\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04 \ubcc0\ud654\uc728\ub85c \uc21c\uc720\ub7c9\uc744 \uacc4\uc0b0\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ub610\ud55c \uc0bd\uc785\ud615 \uc720\ub7c9\uacc4\uc758 \uc124\uce58 \uae4a\uc774\uc640 \uc720\uc18d \ubd84\ud3ec\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uce21\uc815 \uc624\ucc28\ub97c \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uace0, \uc720\ub7c9\uacc4 \uc120\uc815 \uc2dc \uce21\uc815 \uc6d0\ub9ac, \uc720\uccb4 \ud2b9\uc131, \uc815\ud655\ub3c4, \uc601\uad6c \uc555\ub825\uc190\uc2e4 \ubc0f \uc6b4\uc804\ube44\uc6a9\uc744 \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud574\uc57c \ud568\uc744 \uc815\ub9ac\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1185],"tags":[2235,2238,2236,2237],"class_list":["post-9782","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-1185","tag-2235","tag-2238","tag-2236","tag-2237"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9782","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9782"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9782\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9787,"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9782\/revisions\/9787"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9782"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9782"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/now0930.pe.kr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9782"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}